本节重点不讲反射机制,而是讲lambda表达式树来替代反射中经常使用的获取属性和方法,来达到相同的效果但却比反射高效。express
每一个人都知道,用反射调用一个方法或者对属性执行SetValue和GetValue操做的时候都会比直接调用慢不少,这其中设计到CLR中内部的处理,不作深究。然而,咱们在某些状况下又没法不使用反射,好比:在一个ORM框架中,你要将一个DataRow转化为一个对象,但你又不清楚该对象有什么属性,这时候你就须要写一个通用的泛型方法来处理,如下代码写得有点恶心,但不妨碍理解意思:缓存
//将DataReader转化为一个对象
private static T GetObj<T>(SqliteDataReader reader) where T : class { T obj = new T(); PropertyInfo[] pros = obj.GetType().GetProperties(); foreach (PropertyInfo item in pros) { try { Int32 Index = reader.GetOrdinal(item.Name); String result = reader.GetString(Index); if (typeof(String) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, result); continue; } if (typeof(DateTime) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToDateTime(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Boolean) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToBoolean(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Int32) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToInt32(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Single) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToSingle(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Single) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToSingle(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Double) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToDouble(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Decimal) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToDecimal(result)); continue; } if (typeof(Byte) == item.PropertyType) { item.SetValue(obj, Convert.ToByte(result)); continue; } } catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException ex) { continue; } } return obj; }
对于这种状况,其执行效率是特别低下的,具体多慢在下面例子会在.Net Core平台上和.Net Framework4.0运行测试案例.对于以上我举例的状况,效率上咱们还能够获得提高。但对于想在运行时修改一下属性的名称或其余操做,反射仍是一项特别的神器,所以在某些状况下反射仍是没法避免的。框架
可是对于只是简单的SetValue或者GetValue,包括用反射构造函数,咱们能够想一个中继的方法,那就是使用表达式树。对于不理解表达式树的,能够到微软文档查看,点击我。表达式树很容易经过对象模型表示表达式,所以强烈建议学习。查看如下代码:函数
static void Main() { Dog dog = new Dog(); PropertyInfo propertyInfo = dog.GetType().GetProperty(nameof(dog.Name)); //获取对象Dog的属性 MethodInfo SetterMethodInfo = propertyInfo.GetSetMethod(); //获取属性Name的set方法 ParameterExpression param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Dog), "param"); Expression GetPropertyValueExp = Expression.Lambda(Expression.Property(param, nameof(dog.Name)), param); Expression<Func<Dog, String>> GetPropertyValueLambda = (Expression<Func<Dog, String>>)GetPropertyValueExp; ParameterExpression paramo = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Dog), "param"); ParameterExpression parami = Expression.Parameter(typeof(String), "newvalue"); MethodCallExpression MethodCallSetterOfProperty = Expression.Call(paramo, SetterMethodInfo, parami); Expression SetPropertyValueExp = Expression.Lambda(MethodCallSetterOfProperty, paramo, parami); Expression<Action<Dog, String>> SetPropertyValueLambda = (Expression<Action<Dog, String>>)SetPropertyValueExp; //建立了属性Name的Get方法表达式和Set方法表达式,固然只是最简单的 Func<Dog, String> Getter = GetPropertyValueLambda.Compile(); Action<Dog, String> Setter = SetPropertyValueLambda.Compile(); Setter?.Invoke(dog, "WLJ"); //咱们如今对dog这个对象的Name属性赋值 String dogName = Getter?.Invoke(dog); //获取属性Name的值 Console.WriteLine(dogName); Console.ReadKey(); } public class Dog { public String Name { get; set; } }
以上代码可能很难看得懂,但只要知道咱们建立了属性的Get、Set这两个方法就行,其结果最后也能输出狗的名字 WLJ,拥有ExpressionTree的好处是他有一个名为Compile()的方法,它建立一个表明表达式的代码块。如今是最有趣的部分,假设你在编译时不知道类型(在这篇文章中包含的代码我在不一样的程序集上建立了一个类型)你仍然能够应用这种技术,我将对于经常使用的属性的set,get操做进行分装。oop
/// <summary>
/// 属性类,仿造反射中的PropertyInfo /// </summary>
public class Property { private readonly PropertyGetter getter; private readonly PropertySetter setter; public String Name { get; private set; } public PropertyInfo Info { get; private set; } public Property(PropertyInfo propertyInfo) { if (propertyInfo == null) throw new NullReferenceException("属性不能为空"); this.Name = propertyInfo.Name; this.Info = propertyInfo; if (this.Info.CanRead) { this.getter = new PropertyGetter(propertyInfo); } if (this.Info.CanWrite) { this.setter = new PropertySetter(propertyInfo); } } /// <summary>
/// 获取对象的值 /// </summary>
/// <param name="instance"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public Object GetValue(Object instance) { return getter?.Invoke(instance); } /// <summary>
/// 赋值操做 /// </summary>
/// <param name="instance"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
public void SetValue(Object instance, Object value) { this.setter?.Invoke(instance, value); } private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Type, Core.Reflection.Property[]> securityCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<Type, Property[]>(); public static Core.Reflection.Property[] GetProperties(Type type) { return securityCache.GetOrAdd(type, t => t.GetProperties().Select(p => new Property(p)).ToArray()); } } /// <summary>
/// 属性Get操做类 /// </summary>
public class PropertyGetter { private readonly Func<Object, Object> funcGet; public PropertyGetter(PropertyInfo propertyInfo) : this(propertyInfo?.DeclaringType, propertyInfo.Name) { } public PropertyGetter(Type declareType, String propertyName) { if (declareType == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(declareType)); } if (propertyName == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(propertyName)); } this.funcGet = CreateGetValueDeleagte(declareType, propertyName); } //代码核心部分
private static Func<Object, Object> CreateGetValueDeleagte(Type declareType, String propertyName) { // (object instance) => (object)((declaringType)instance).propertyName
var param_instance = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Object)); var body_objToType = Expression.Convert(param_instance, declareType); var body_getTypeProperty = Expression.Property(body_objToType, propertyName); var body_return = Expression.Convert(body_getTypeProperty, typeof(Object)); return Expression.Lambda<Func<Object, Object>>(body_return, param_instance).Compile(); } public Object Invoke(Object instance) { return this.funcGet?.Invoke(instance); } }
public class PropertySetter { private readonly Action<Object, Object> setFunc; public PropertySetter(PropertyInfo property) { if (property == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(property)); } this.setFunc = CreateSetValueDelagate(property); } private static Action<Object, Object> CreateSetValueDelagate(PropertyInfo property) { // (object instance, object value) => // ((instanceType)instance).Set_XXX((propertyType)value) //声明方法须要的参数
var param_instance = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Object)); var param_value = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Object)); var body_instance = Expression.Convert(param_instance, property.DeclaringType); var body_value = Expression.Convert(param_value, property.PropertyType); var body_call = Expression.Call(body_instance, property.GetSetMethod(), body_value); return Expression.Lambda<Action<Object, Object>>(body_call, param_instance, param_value).Compile(); } public void Invoke(Object instance, Object value) { this.setFunc?.Invoke(instance, value); } }
在将代码应用到实例:性能
Dog dog = new Dog(); PropertyInfo propertyInfo = dog.GetType().GetProperty(nameof(dog.Name)); //反射操做 propertyInfo.SetValue(dog, "WLJ"); String result = propertyInfo.GetValue(dog) as String; Console.WriteLine(result); //表达式树的操做 Property property = new Property(propertyInfo); property.SetValue(dog, "WLJ2"); String result2 = property.GetValue(dog) as String; Console.WriteLine(result2);
发现其实现的目的与反射一致,但效率却有明显的提升。学习
如下测试如下他们两之间的效率。测试代码以下:测试
Student student = new Student(); PropertyInfo propertyInfo = student.GetType().GetProperty(nameof(student.Name)); Property ExpProperty = new Property(propertyInfo); Int32 loopCount = 1000000; CodeTimer.Initialize(); //测试环境初始化 //下面该方法个执行1000000次 CodeTimer.Time("基础反射", loopCount, () => { propertyInfo.SetValue(student, "Fode",null); }); CodeTimer.Time("lambda表达式树", loopCount, () => { ExpProperty.SetValue(student, "Fode"); }); CodeTimer.Time("直接赋值", loopCount, () => { student.Name = "Fode"; }); Console.ReadKey();
其.Net4.0环境下运行结果以下:优化
.Net Core环境下运行结果:this
从以上结果能够知道,迭代一样的次数反射须要183ms,而用表达式只要34ms,直接赋值须要7ms,在效率上,使用表达式这种方法有显著的提升,您能够看到使用此技术能够彻底避免使用反射时的性能损失。反射之因此效率有点低主要取决于其加载的时候时在运行期下,而表达式则在编译期,下篇有空将会介绍用Emit技术优化反射,会比表达式略快一点。
注:对于经常使用对象的属性,最好将其缓存起来,这样效率会更高。。