为何使用Nettyapache
Netty是业界最流行的NIO框架之一,它的健壮性、功能、性能、可定制性、可扩展性在同类框架中都是数一数二的,它已经获得了成百上千的商用项目的证实。对于为何使用Netty这个话题,咱们先看一下使用原生的NIO有什么缺点:编程
也正是由于有种种缺点,所以不建议使用原生的NIO而是建议使用一些比较成熟的NIO框架例如Netty、Mina,这一系列文章讲的是Netty,Netty做为一款高性能NIO框架,其优势总结有:api
正由于这些优势,Netty逐渐成为了Java NIO变成的首选框架。缓存
Netty入门Demo网络
下面演示一下Netty的Demo(注:Demo来自Netty权威指南第三章),本文只写代码与演示结果,不作讲解,对Netty的使用基本讲解放在下一篇文章中,按部就班,先感性地认识Netty,再理性地认识Netty中的东西。多线程
提一下,本文及以后的文章Netty基于5.0.0.Alpha1这个版本,贴一下我本身的Maven配置吧:框架
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.xrq.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-test</artifactId> <version>1.0.0</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> <version>5.0.0.Alpha1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.25</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
首先从服务端代码开始,定义一个TimeServer:异步
1 public class TimeServer { 2 3 public void bind(int port) throws Exception { 4 // NIO线程组 5 EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); 6 EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); 7 8 try { 9 ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); 10 b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) 11 .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) 12 .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024) 13 .childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler()); 14 15 // 绑定端口,同步等待成功 16 ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); 17 // 等待服务端监听端口关闭 18 f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); 19 } finally { 20 // 优雅退出,释放线程池资源 21 bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); 22 workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); 23 } 24 } 25 26 private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { 27 @Override 28 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel arg0) throws Exception { 29 arg0.pipeline().addLast(new TimeServerHandler()); 30 } 31 } 32 33 }
TimeServerHandler这么定义:maven
1 public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter { 2 3 @Override 4 public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { 5 ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf)msg; 6 byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()]; 7 buf.readBytes(req); 8 9 String body = new String(req, "UTF-8"); 10 System.out.println("The time server receive order:" + body); 11 String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER"; 12 13 ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes()); 14 ctx.write(resp); 15 } 16 17 @Override 18 public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { 19 ctx.flush(); 20 } 21 22 @Override 23 public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { 24 ctx.close(); 25 } 26 27 }
即读取来自客户端的数据,若是是"QUERY TIME ORDER",则把当前时间写到Channel中去。至此,Netty服务端代码已经开发完毕。接下来是Netty客户端代码,首先仍是TimeClient:ide
1 public class TimeClient { 2 3 public void connect(int port, String host) throws Exception { 4 EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); 5 try { 6 Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); 7 8 b.group(group) 9 .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) 10 .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true) 11 .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { 12 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { 13 ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeClientHandler()); 14 }; 15 }); 16 17 // 发起异步链接操做 18 ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync(); 19 // 等待客户端链接关闭 20 f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); 21 } finally { 22 // 优雅退出,释放NIO线程组 23 group.shutdownGracefully(); 24 } 25 } 26 27 }
一样的,定义一个TimeClientHandler:
1 public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter { 2 3 private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TimeClientHandler.class); 4 5 private final ByteBuf firstMessage; 6 7 public TimeClientHandler() { 8 byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes(); 9 firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer(req.length); 10 firstMessage.writeBytes(req); 11 } 12 13 @Override 14 public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { 15 ctx.writeAndFlush(firstMessage); 16 } 17 18 @Override 19 public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { 20 ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf)msg; 21 byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()]; 22 buf.readBytes(req); 23 24 String body = new String(req, "UTF-8"); 25 System.out.println("Now is:" + body); 26 } 27 28 @Override 29 public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { 30 LOGGER.warn("Unexcepted exception from downstream:" + cause.getMessage()); 31 ctx.close(); 32 } 33 34 }
客户端的操做为打印来自服务端的数据,这样,整个Netty Demo代码就写完了,结构比较清楚,都是一个Server+一个Handler的模式,Handler用于处理读取到的信息。
运行Demo
上面写完了Demo,接着写一下测试代码,很简单,分别运行bind方法和connect方法便可:
1 public class CoreTest { 2 3 @Test 4 public void timeServerTest() throws Exception { 5 new TimeServer().bind(8080); 6 } 7 8 @Test 9 public void timeClientTest() throws Exception { 10 new TimeClient().connect(8080, "127.0.0.1"); 11 } 12 13 }
先运行timeServerTest让服务端先启动,再运行timeClientServer让客户端后启动,运行结果服务端的打印为:
The time server receive order:QUERY TIME ORDER
结合代码能够看到,服务端读取到了来自客户端的数据,数据内容为"QUERY TIME ORDER",接着服务端取本身的时间,传输给客户端,看一下客户端的打印:
Now is:Thu Apr 05 21:07:39 CST 2018
打印了来自服务端的时间,这样,利用Netty进行服务端+客户端的相互通讯的Demo完成,有了这个Demo,对Netty有了感性上的认识,接着咱们一点一点深刻去学习Netty。