Flutter实战1 --- 写一个天气查询的APP

时间 2019-12-04

标签 flutter 实战一个天气查询 app 繁體版

原文原文链接

写一个查询天气的demo。android

代码github地址：github.com/koudle/GDG_…ios

1.建立工程

在Android Studio中，File -> New ->New Flutter Project -> Flutter Applicationgit

建立完工程后，有三个目录github

android：Android工程的目录shell

ios：iOS工程的目录json

lib： Flutter工程的目录api

其中android、ios下的文件咱们都不动，咱们只改动lib目录下的dart文件。bash

2.运行Flutter工程

链接手机

这里不建议用模拟器，由于模拟器在用GPU渲染时可能会出问题，致使图片渲染不出来。

而后按Run 在手机上把程序跑起来。

3.天气API接口申请

注册地址console.heweather.com/registerapp

注册完后，再看API文档 www.heweather.com/documentsless

demo这里用的是，获取当每天气状况的API：www.heweather.com/documents/a…

用的请求URL以下:

https://free-api.heweather.com/s6/weather/now?location=广州&key=******
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4.界面编写

在建立的工程里，有个main.dart里面有一段显示界面的代码以下:

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  // This widget is the root of your application.
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        // This is the theme of your application.
        //
        // Try running your application with "flutter run". You'll see the
        // application has a blue toolbar. Then, without quitting the app, try
        // changing the primarySwatch below to Colors.green and then invoke
        // "hot reload" (press "r" in the console where you ran "flutter run",
        // or press Run > Flutter Hot Reload in a Flutter IDE). Notice that the
        // counter didn't reset back to zero; the application is not restarted.
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
    );
  }
}
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其中home 就是要显示的界面，这里咱们要把MyHomePage换成咱们本身的。

4.1 建立WeatherWidget

经过 new -> Dart File 在lib目录下建立WeatherWidget

class WeatherWidget extends StatefulWidget{
  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() {
    // TODO: implement createState
    return new WeatherState();
  }
}

class WeatherState extends State<WeatherWidget>{
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // TODO: implement build
    return Scaffold(
    );
  }            
}
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建立完后，在main.dart中将home改成WeatherWidget,以下:

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  // This widget is the root of your application.
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: WeatherWidget(),
    );
  }
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4.2 HotReload

在写UI的工程中，咱们能够用到Flutter的hot reload的特性,写布局的时候，按ctrl+s或cmd+s就能够在手机上实时看到界面的变化。

这个功能很好用。

4.3添加图片资源

Flutter能够添加不一样的资源，例如图片、文本、配置文件、静态数据等。

添加资源时,须要在pubspec.yaml文件中的flutter属性下添加assets,并标明要添加资源的路径，例如，咱们要加入指定的图片时，能够这么写：

flutter:
 assets:
 - assets/my_icon.png
 - assets/background.png
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若是要添加的资源太多，也能够添加文件夹，例如:

flutter:
 assets:
 - assets/
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在本demo中，要添加一个背景图，咱们在工程的根目录下建立images目录，将背景图放在images目录下，而后在pubspec.yaml中添加:

flutter:

  # The following line ensures that the Material Icons font is
  # included with your application, so that you can use the icons in
  # the material Icons class.
 uses-material-design: true
 assets:
 - images/
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4.4 写WeatherWidget的UI布局

在Scaffold中添加body的属性，来写UI的布局，以下：

class WeatherState extends State<WeatherWidget>{
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // TODO: implement build
    return Scaffold(
      body: new Stack(
        fit: StackFit.expand,
        children: <Widget>[
          new Image.asset("images/weather_bg.jpg",fit: BoxFit.fitHeight,),
          new Column(
            mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.start,
            crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
            children: <Widget>[
              new Container(
                width: double.infinity,
                margin: EdgeInsets.only(top: 40.0),
                child: new Text(
                  "广州市",
                  textAlign: TextAlign.center,
                  style: new TextStyle(
                    color: Colors.white,
                    fontSize: 30.0,
                  ),
                ),
              ),
              new Container(
                width: double.infinity,
                margin: EdgeInsets.only(top: 100.0),
                child: new Column(
                  children: <Widget>[
                    new Text(
                        "20 °",
                        style: new TextStyle(
                            color: Colors.white,
                            fontSize: 80.0
                        )),
                    new Text(
                        "晴",
                        style: new TextStyle(
                            color: Colors.white,
                            fontSize: 45.0
                        )),
                    new Text(
                      "湿度 80%",
                      style: new TextStyle(
                          color: Colors.white,
                          fontSize: 30.0
                      ),
                    )
                  ],
                ),
              )
            ],
          )
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

}
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按ctrl+s，在手机上就能够看到写好的UI，但这时候的数据是写死的，下来看如何经过http获取数据。

5.经过http获取数据

要经过http数据，咱们首先要添加http的依赖库，在pubspec.yaml中的dependencies添加以下:

dependencies:
 flutter:
 sdk: flutter

  # The following adds the Cupertino Icons font to your application.
  # Use with the CupertinoIcons class for iOS style icons.
 cupertino_icons: ^0.1.2
 http: ^0.12.0
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而后在当前工程目录下运行如下命令行：

$ flutter packages get
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或者在Android Stuido 打开pubspec.yaml 文件，点击上面的packages get

这里操做的意义是，拉取http的库。

5.1 建立WeatherData类

经过 new -> Dart File 在lib目录下建立WeatherData

class WeatherData{
  String cond; //天气
  String tmp; //温度
  String hum; //湿度

  WeatherData({this.cond, this.tmp, this.hum});

  factory WeatherData.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
    return WeatherData(
      cond: json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['cond_txt'],
      tmp: json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['tmp']+"°",
      hum: "湿度 "+json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['hum']+"%",
    );
  }

  factory WeatherData.empty() {
    return WeatherData(
      cond: "",
      tmp: "",
      hum: "",
    );
  }
}
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5.2 数据获取

class WeatherState extends State<WeatherWidget>{

  WeatherData weather = WeatherData.empty();

  WeatherState(){
    _getWeather();
  }

  void _getWeather() async{
    WeatherData data = await _fetchWeather();
    setState((){
      weather = data;
    });
  }

  Future<WeatherData> _fetchWeather() async{
    final response = await http.get('https://free-api.heweather.com/s6/weather/now?location=广州&key=ebb698e9bb6844199e6fd23cbb9a77c5');
    if(response.statusCode == 200){
      return WeatherData.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
    }else{
      return WeatherData.empty();
    }
  }



  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    ...
  }
}  
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5.3 将以前写死的数据换成WeatherData

...                
                child: new Column(
                  children: <Widget>[
                    new Text(
                        weather?.tmp,
                        style: new TextStyle(
                            color: Colors.white,
                            fontSize: 80.0
                        )),
                    new Text(
                        weather?.cond,
                        style: new TextStyle(
                            color: Colors.white,
                            fontSize: 45.0
                        )),
                    new Text(
                      weather?.hum,
                      style: new TextStyle(
                          color: Colors.white,
                          fontSize: 30.0
                      ),
                    )
                  ],
                ),
                ...
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