在上一篇博客初窥AspectJ中,咱们提到AspectJ给java提供了三种新的结构,pointcut,advice以及inter-type declaration(ITD),并且咱们经过一个简单的Demo介绍了如何使用pointcut和advice。而本文将介绍inter-type declaration是什么,能够作什么,最后一样会经过一个Demo来介绍如何使用。后文将主要用ITD来表示inter-type declaration。html
本文中Demo的代码能够在github aspect-demo中找到。java
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inter-type declaration (ITD),翻译成中文是类型间声明。即便看到中文翻译,相信你们仍是一头雾水,不知所云,因此我不是很喜欢对一些英文名字,尤为是技术名字进行生硬的翻译,这只会增长你们的理解负担。其实,换一种说法可能更好理解,member introduction(成员注入),其目的就是经过aspect的方式,在现有的类中注入一些新的成员变量或者成员方法。经过aspect,咱们能够向一个类中注入以下成员:github
除了往类里面添加内容,aspect还能够修改java中的interface(接口),实如今现有接口中注入:spring
经过ITD注入的成员的访问修饰符能够是:框架
在编写aspect以前,先准备一个简单的java类:eclipse
package cc.databus.aspect.intertype; public class Point { private int x; private int y; public Point(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } public int getX() { return x; } public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; } public int getY() { return y; } public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; } }
有了这个基础类,下面来看看如何经过aspect修改这个类实现的接口,成员变量以及成员方法。这里是咱们的aspect代码:ide
package cc.databus.aspect.intertype; public aspect PointAspect { // creates a new interface named HasName private interface HasName{} // make class Ppint implements HashName declare parents: Point implements HasName; // make HasName has a field named name private String HasName.name; // make HasName has a method getName() and default implemented public String HasName.getName() { return name; } // make HasName has a method named setName and default public void HasName.setName(String name) { this.name = name; } // add a field named created to class Point // with default value 0 long Point.created = 0; // add a field named lastUpdated to class Point // with default value 0 private long Point.lastUpdated = 0; // add a private method setUpdated() private void Point.setUpdated() { this.lastUpdated = System.currentTimeMillis(); } // implement toString() for Point // include the fields added in the aspect file public String Point.toString() { return String.format( "Point: {name=%s, x=%d; y=%d, created=%d, updated=%d}", getName(), getX(), getY(), created, lastUpdated); } // pointcut the constructor, and set the value for created after() returning(Point p) : call(Point.new(..)) && !within(PointAspect) { System.out.println(thisJoinPointStaticPart); System.out.println("Set created"); p.created = System.currentTimeMillis(); } // define a pointcut for setX and setY pointcut update(Point p): target(p) && call(void Point.set*(..)); // make the lastUpdated updated every time // setX or setY invoked after(Point p): update(p) && !within(PointAspect) { System.out.println("set updated for Point due to " + thisJoinPointStaticPart); p.setUpdated(); } }
在上面的aspect文件中,咱们首先定义了一个接口,而且让Point
类实现该接口,且给该新接口加了一个成员变量(name)并实现了对应的setter/getter:wordpress
// creates a new interface named HasName private interface HasName{} // make class Ppint implements HashName declare parents: Point implements HasName; // make HasName has a field named name private String HasName.name; // make HasName has a method getName() and default implemented public String HasName.getName() { return name; } // make HasName has a method named setName and default public void HasName.setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
随后,咱们给Point类加了两个成员变量,并实现了两个成员方法。其中,实现toString()接口的时候,咱们把经过aspect注入的成员变量也都包含在结果里面:函数
// add a field named created to class Point // with default value 0 long Point.created = 0; // add a field named lastUpdated to class Point // with default value 0 private long Point.lastUpdated = 0; // add a private method setUpdated() private void Point.updated() { this.lastUpdated = System.currentTimeMillis(); } // implement toString() for Point // include the fields added in the aspect file public String Point.toString() { return String.format( "Point: {name=%s, x=%d; y=%d, created=%d, updated=%d}", getName(), getX(), getY(), created, lastUpdated); }
最后,咱们加了两个pointcut一级advice,分别实如今调用Point构造函数以后为created
的赋值,以及调用setX(int), set(int)以及setName(string)的时候更新lastUpdated成员变量(这里使用!within(PointAspect)
排除掉在aspect脚本里面调用set*的状况):
// pointcut the constructor, and set the value for created after() returning(Point p) : call(Point.new(..)) && !within(PointAspect) { System.out.println(thisJoinPointStaticPart); System.out.println("Set created"); p.created = System.currentTimeMillis(); } // define a pointcut for setX and setY pointcut update(Point p): target(p) && call(void Point.set*(..)); // make the lastUpdated updated every time // setX or setY invoked after(Point p): update(p) && !within(PointAspect) { System.out.println("set updated for Point due to " + thisJoinPointStaticPart); p.setUpdated(); }
一样,咱们能够新建一个单元测试类来进行测试:
package cc.databus.aspect.intertype; import org.junit.Test; public class TestPointAspect { @Test public void test() { Point point = new Point(1,1); point.setName("test"); point.setX(12); point.setY(123); System.out.println(point); } }
运行测试,咱们能看到以下结果:
call(cc.databus.aspect.intertype.Point(int, int)) Set created set updated for Point due to call(void cc.databus.aspect.intertype.Point.setName(String)) set updated for Point due to call(void cc.databus.aspect.intertype.Point.setX(int)) set updated for Point due to call(void cc.databus.aspect.intertype.Point.setY(int)) Point: {name=test, x=12; y=123, created=1536153649547, updated=1536153649548}
能够看到,经过aspect注入的成员对象和成员方法都是工做的。
ITD着实是一个强大的功能,可以方便给现有类注入新的功能。可是,笔者认为使用这种方法相对容易出错,尤为在大项目的状况下,若是经过大量的aspect脚原本实现功能,相信对后期的维护是一个很大的挑战。因此,我建议在没有spring这种框架作支撑的状况下,不要大量的使用这种方法为项目造血。
文章同步发布在个人我的博客https://jianyuan.me上,欢迎拍砖。 传送门: AspectJ中的类型间声明(成员注入)