前言
上篇文章分析了Tomcat的 Catalina 类,这个类的主要做用就是根据 server.xml 的配置来初始化 Tomcat 运行所须要的组件,好比 Server,Service 等等,而后调用成员变脸 Server 类对象的的 init 和 start 方法,来启动 tomcat。
一个 Server 类的实例就表明了一个 Tomcat 的容器,一个Tomcat 进程只会有一个 Server 实例。Server 是一个接口,它的实现类是 StandardServerjava
1 Server#init 方法
StandardServer 继承自 LifecycleMBeanBase, 而 LifecycleMBeanBase 继承自 LifecycleBase,LifecycleBase 实现了 Lifecycle 接口,Lifecycle 定义了组件生命周期的方法,其中就包含 init(), start(), stop() 等方法。
下面看 StandardServer 的 init() 方法也就是父类LifecycleBase 的 init()
1.1 LifecycleBase#init 方法apache
@Override public final synchronized void init() throws LifecycleException { if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) { invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_INIT_EVENT); } try { setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZING, null, false); initInternal(); setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED, null, false); } catch (Throwable t) { handleSubClassException(t, "lifecycleBase.initFail", toString()); } } /** * Sub-classes implement this method to perform any instance initialisation * required. * * @throws LifecycleException If the initialisation fails */ protected abstract void initInternal() throws LifecycleException;
LifecycleBase 对 init 方法作了一个抽象,使用模板方法模式,提供 initInternal() 方法给子类实现。
init 方法里首先判断 state 属性是否是为 LifecycleState.NEW,
state 是 LifecycleBase 的一个属性,其声明为segmentfault
/** * The current state of the source component. */ private volatile LifecycleState state = LifecycleState.NEW;
它的做用是用来标识当前组件的状态。
Tomcat 里不少组件都是有状态的,包括 Server,Container 等,其实 Tomcat 里只要有生命周期的组件,都会继承自 LifecycleBase。数组
判断完以后分别在 initInternal() 方法调用先后,调用 setStateInternal 方法将 state 的值设置成 INITIALIZING 和 INITIALIZED。tomcat
private synchronized void setStateInternal(LifecycleState state, Object data, boolean check) throws LifecycleException { if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.setState", this, state)); } if (check) { // Must have been triggered by one of the abstract methods (assume // code in this class is correct) // null is never a valid state if (state == null) { invalidTransition("null"); // Unreachable code - here to stop eclipse complaining about // a possible NPE further down the method return; } // Any method can transition to failed // startInternal() permits STARTING_PREP to STARTING // stopInternal() permits STOPPING_PREP to STOPPING and FAILED to // STOPPING if (!(state == LifecycleState.FAILED || (this.state == LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP && state == LifecycleState.STARTING) || (this.state == LifecycleState.STOPPING_PREP && state == LifecycleState.STOPPING) || (this.state == LifecycleState.FAILED && state == LifecycleState.STOPPING))) { // No other transition permitted invalidTransition(state.name()); } } this.state = state; String lifecycleEvent = state.getLifecycleEvent(); if (lifecycleEvent != null) { fireLifecycleEvent(lifecycleEvent, data); } }
设置完 state 的状态以后,就触发该状态的事件了,通知事件监听器安全
/** * The list of registered LifecycleListeners for event notifications. */ private final List<LifecycleListener> lifecycleListeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>(); protected void fireLifecycleEvent(String type, Object data) { LifecycleEvent event = new LifecycleEvent(this, type, data); for (LifecycleListener listener : lifecycleListeners) { listener.lifecycleEvent(event); } }
这里的 LifecycleListener 对象是在 Catalina 对象解析 server.xml 文件时就已经建立好并加到 lifecycleListeners 里的。这个不是特别重要就不细讲了。
1.2 LifecycleMBeanBase#initInternal 方法app
private ObjectName oname = null; protected MBeanServer mserver = null; protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException { // If oname is not null then registration has already happened via // preRegister(). if (oname == null) { mserver = Registry.getRegistry(null, null).getMBeanServer(); oname = register(this, getObjectNameKeyProperties()); } }
LifecycleMBeanBase 的 initInternal 方法也很简单,就是初始化 ObjectName 类型的 oname 属性,和 MBeanServer 的 mserver 属性你,并注册 oname 到 mserver,这两操做是基于 Tomcat 的安全性和隔离性的。有兴趣的话能够自行去了解一下 java 的 MBeanServer 相关知识,这里就不细讲了。接着往下看 StandardServer 的 initInternal 方法eclipse
1.3 StandardServer#initInternal 方法ide
/** * Invoke a pre-startup initialization. This is used to allow connectors * to bind to restricted ports under Unix operating environments. */ @Override protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException { super.initInternal(); // Initialize utility executor reconfigureUtilityExecutor(getUtilityThreadsInternal(utilityThreads)); register(utilityExecutor, "type=UtilityExecutor"); // Register global String cache // Note although the cache is global, if there are multiple Servers // present in the JVM (may happen when embedding) then the same cache // will be registered under multiple names onameStringCache = register(new StringCache(), "type=StringCache"); // Register the MBeanFactory MBeanFactory factory = new MBeanFactory(); factory.setContainer(this); onameMBeanFactory = register(factory, "type=MBeanFactory"); // Register the naming resources globalNamingResources.init(); // Populate the extension validator with JARs from common and shared // class loaders if (getCatalina() != null) { ClassLoader cl = getCatalina().getParentClassLoader(); // Walk the class loader hierarchy. Stop at the system class loader. // This will add the shared (if present) and common class loaders while (cl != null && cl != ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()) { if (cl instanceof URLClassLoader) { URL[] urls = ((URLClassLoader) cl).getURLs(); for (URL url : urls) { if (url.getProtocol().equals("file")) { try { File f = new File (url.toURI()); if (f.isFile() && f.getName().endsWith(".jar")) { ExtensionValidator.addSystemResource(f); } } catch (URISyntaxException e) { // Ignore } catch (IOException e) { // Ignore } } } } cl = cl.getParent(); } } // Initialize our defined Services for (int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) { services[i].init(); } }
整个方法能够分为三段,分别是 if 块以前、if 块、和 if 块以后的 for 循环。
1.2.1 第一段 ui
第一段代码的第一行,调用了 super.initInternal() 方法,也就是调用了 LifecycleMBeanBase#initInternal 方法。而后调用
reconfigureUtilityExecutor 方法初始化了 utilityExecutor 属性和 utilityExecutorWrapper 属性
/** * Utility executor with scheduling capabilities. */ private ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor utilityExecutor = null; /** * Utility executor wrapper. */ private ScheduledExecutorService utilityExecutorWrapper = null;
其中 utilityExecutorWrapper 是对 utilityExecutor 的包装。utilityExecutorWrapper 这个线程池是用来执行一些特殊任务的,好比状态检查等,关于这个线程池的用处,后面的文章会提到,这里先略过。而后初始化 onameMBeanFactory 和 onameStringCache 两个 ObjectName 类型的属性,就是注册 StringCache 对象和 MBeanFactory 对象到 MBeanServer 。
最后一行就是调用 globalNamingResources 对象的 init 方法,globalNamingResources 对象是在 StandardServer 类的构造方法里初始化的。
/** * Global naming resources. */ private NamingResourcesImpl globalNamingResources = null;
globalNamingResources 是 tomcat 支持的一个比较重要的特性,本篇文章暂时不进行深刻的解析。
1.2.2 第二段
第二段的 if 代码块,是将 catalina 的 parentClassLoader (这个属性在 Bootstrap#init 方法里经过反射调用 Catalina 的 setParentClassLoader 将 sharedClassLoader 传进去,也就说,这个 parentClassLoader 就是 sharedClassLoader 指向的对象,也就是一个 URLClassLoader 对象)里能加载的 jar 文件里的 manifest ,都添加到一个集合里(ExtensionValidator 的一个 ArrayList 里)
1.2.3 第三段
第三段代码是循环调用 Server 类的属性 services 数组的元的 init 方法
/** * The set of Services associated with this Server. */ private Service services[] = new Service[0];
Server 里的 service 是在 server.xml 里定义的,在 Catalina 解析 server.xml 的时候初始化,并注入到 Server 对象里。
显然 StandardServer#initInternal() 方法最重要的就是第三段,调用 Service#init 方法。Service 是 Tomcat 的核心组件之一。
2 Server#start 方法
start 方法跟 init 方法相似,分为 LifecycleBase#start 和 StandardServer#startInternal 方法。
2.1 LifecycleBase#start 方法
public final synchronized void start() throws LifecycleException { if (LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP.equals(state) || LifecycleState.STARTING.equals(state) || LifecycleState.STARTED.equals(state)) { if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { Exception e = new LifecycleException(); log.debug(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.alreadyStarted", toString()), e); } else if (log.isInfoEnabled()) { log.info(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.alreadyStarted", toString())); } return; } if (state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) { init(); } else if (state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED)) { stop(); } else if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED) && !state.equals(LifecycleState.STOPPED)) { invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT); } try { setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP, null, false); startInternal(); if (state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED)) { // This is a 'controlled' failure. The component put itself into the // FAILED state so call stop() to complete the clean-up. stop(); } else if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.STARTING)) { // Shouldn't be necessary but acts as a check that sub-classes are // doing what they are supposed to. invalidTransition(Lifecycle.AFTER_START_EVENT); } else { setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTED, null, false); } } catch (Throwable t) { // This is an 'uncontrolled' failure so put the component into the // FAILED state and throw an exception. handleSubClassException(t, "lifecycleBase.startFail", toString()); } }
start 方法逻辑很简单,先作一些 state 状态校验,确保是能够当前组价出在可启动的状态。而后就调用 startInternal 方法,启动完成以后就把 state 设置成 LifecycleState.STARTED 状态。
2.2 StandardServer#startInternal 方法
/** * Start nested components ({@link Service}s) and implement the requirements * of {@link org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase#startInternal()}. * * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error * that prevents this component from being used */ @Override protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException { fireLifecycleEvent(CONFIGURE_START_EVENT, null); setState(LifecycleState.STARTING); globalNamingResources.start(); // Start our defined Services synchronized (servicesLock) { for (int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) { services[i].start(); } } if (periodicEventDelay > 0) { monitorFuture = getUtilityExecutor().scheduleWithFixedDelay( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { startPeriodicLifecycleEvent(); } }, 0, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } } protected void startPeriodicLifecycleEvent() { if (periodicLifecycleEventFuture == null || (periodicLifecycleEventFuture != null && periodicLifecycleEventFuture.isDone())) { if (periodicLifecycleEventFuture != null && periodicLifecycleEventFuture.isDone()) { // There was an error executing the scheduled task, get it and log it try { periodicLifecycleEventFuture.get(); } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) { log.error(sm.getString("standardServer.periodicEventError"), e); } } periodicLifecycleEventFuture = getUtilityExecutor().scheduleAtFixedRate( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.PERIODIC_EVENT, null); } }, periodicEventDelay, periodicEventDelay, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } }
方法的第一行代码先触发 CONFIGURE_START_EVENT 事件,以便执行 StandardServer 的 LifecycleListener 监听器,而后调用 setState 方法设置成 LifecycleBase 的 state 属性为 LifecycleState.STARTING。
接着就 globalNamingResources.start(),跟 initInternal 方法实际上是相似的。
再接着就调用 Service 的 start 方法来启动 Service 组件。能够看出,StandardServe 的 startInternal 跟 initInternal 方法相似,都是调用内部的 service 组件的相关方法。
调用完 service.init 方法后,就使用 getUtilityExecutor() 返回的线程池延迟执行startPeriodicLifecycleEvent 方法,而在 startPeriodicLifecycleEvent 方法里,也是使用 getUtilityExecutor() 方法,按期执行 fireLifecycleEvent 方法,处理 Lifecycle.PERIODIC_EVENT 事件,若是有须要按期处理的,能够再 Server 的 LifecycleListener 里处理 Lifecycle.PERIODIC_EVENT 事件。
3. Lifecycle 的状态流转
Tomcat 给各个组件定义了一些生命周期中的状态,在枚举类 LifecycleState 里
public enum LifecycleState { NEW(false, null), INITIALIZING(false, Lifecycle.BEFORE_INIT_EVENT), INITIALIZED(false, Lifecycle.AFTER_INIT_EVENT), STARTING_PREP(false, Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT), STARTING(true, Lifecycle.START_EVENT), STARTED(true, Lifecycle.AFTER_START_EVENT), STOPPING_PREP(true, Lifecycle.BEFORE_STOP_EVENT), STOPPING(false, Lifecycle.STOP_EVENT), STOPPED(false, Lifecycle.AFTER_STOP_EVENT), DESTROYING(false, Lifecycle.BEFORE_DESTROY_EVENT), DESTROYED(false, Lifecycle.AFTER_DESTROY_EVENT), FAILED(false, null); private final boolean available; private final String lifecycleEvent; private LifecycleState(boolean available, String lifecycleEvent) { this.available = available; this.lifecycleEvent = lifecycleEvent; } …… }
这些状态的流转以下图
小结本篇文章介绍了 Server 组件,Server 组件是 tomcat 的核心组件之一,它是经过调用 init 和 start 方法来启动 tomcat 的,而 Server 的 init 方法和 start 方法则是调用 Service 的 init 和 start 方法来启动 Service(tomcat的另外一个核心组件)。看一看出,一个 Tomcat 进程只有一个 Server 实例,一个 Server 实例能够包含多个 Service 对象。