今天小弟接到要修改findBugs的活计,有些新的体会,共享一下java
Bug: Call to method of static java.text.DateFormat
Pattern id: STCAL_INVOKE_ON_STATIC_DATE_FORMAT_INSTANCE, type: STCAL, category: MT_CORRECTNESS安全
As the JavaDoc states, DateFormats are inherently unsafe for multithreaded use. The detector has found a call to an instance of DateFormat that has been obtained via a static field. This looks suspicous.多线程
For more information on this see Sun Bug #6231579 and Sun Bug #6178997.网站
上面的英文解释其实应该说得比较清楚,在Java文档中,已经明确说明了DateFormats 是非线程安全的,而在SimpleDateFormat的Jdk 的Source文件中,咱们也找到这么一段注释,说明它不是线程安全的。this
Date formats are not synchronized.
* It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread.
* If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized线程
在Sun本身的网站上。在sun的bug database中,Sun Bug #6231579 ,Sun Bug #6178997均可以印证这个问题。orm
致使SimpleDateFormat出现多线程安全问题的缘由,是由于:SimpleDateFormat处理复杂,Jdk的实现中使用了成员变量来传递参数,这就形成在多线程的时候会出现错误。对象
而Findbugs所说的“Call to static DateFormat”,其实就是一些人:为了渐少new 的次数而把SimpleDateFormat作成成员或者静态成员,上面已经说了,这样作是不安全的。ip
其实,出现这种问题的代码通常都长得差很少,典型的代码示例以下:文档
public class Test{ private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); public void method1(){ dateFormat.format(new Date()); } public void method2(){ dateFormat.format(new Date()); } )
再给个详细例子说明问题,看下面代码:
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class Test{ private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat ; public static void main(String[] args) { SimpleDateFormat dateFormat= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); Date today = new Date(); Date tomorrow = new Date(today.getTime()+1000*60*60*24); System.out.println(today); // 今天是2010-01-11 System.out.println(tomorrow); // 明天是2010-01-11 Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Thread1(dateFormat,today)); thread1.start(); Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Thread2(dateFormat,tomorrow)); thread2.start(); } } class Thread1 implements Runnable{ private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat; private Date date; public Thread1(SimpleDateFormat dateFormat,Date date){ this.dateFormat = dateFormat; this.date = date; } public void run() { for(;;){// 一直循环到出问题为止吧。 String strDate = dateFormat.format(date); // 若是不等于2010-01-11,证实出现线程安全问题了!!!! if(!"2010-01-11".equals(strDate)){ System.err.println("today="+strDate); System.exit(0); } } } } class Thread2 implements Runnable{ private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat; private Date date; public Thread2(SimpleDateFormat dateFormat,Date date){ this.dateFormat = dateFormat; this.date = date; } public void run() { for(;;){ String strDate = dateFormat.format(date); if(!"2010-01-12".equals(strDate)){ System.err.println("tomorrow="+strDate); System.exit(0); } } } }
运行的结果以下:
Mon Jan 11 11:30:36 CST 2010 Tue Jan 12 11:30:36 CST 2010 tomorrow=2010-01-11
终于看到问题了,tomorrow=2010-01-11,错得很明显了。其实要避免这个问题方法很简单,不使用SimpleDateFormat,或者不使用成员变量/静态成员变量的SimpleDateFormat对象便可。