从Spring3.0,@Configuration用于定义配置类,可替换xml配置文件,被注解的类内部包含有一个或多个被@Bean注解的方法,这些方法将会被AnnotationConfigApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext类进行扫描,并用于构建bean定义,初始化Spring容器。html
注意:@Configuration注解的配置类有以下要求:web
@Configuration标注在类上,至关于把该类做为spring的xml配置文件中的,做用为:配置spring容器(应用上下文)spring
package com.cqupt.meeting.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* @Author: ranjun
* @Date: 2019/5/12 14:44
*/
@Configuration
public class TestConfig {
public TestConfig(){
System.out.println("testconfig collection init success");
}
}
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至关于bash
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false">
</beans>
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主方法进行测试:session
package com.cqupt.meeting.config;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
/**
* @Author: ranjun
* @Date: 2019/5/12 14:46
*/
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfig.class);
// 若是加载spring-context.xml文件:
// ApplicationContext context = new
// ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
}
}
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从运行主方法结果能够看出,spring容器已经启动了:app
WARNING: All illegal access operations will be denied in a future release
testconfig collection init success
Process finished with exit code 0
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@Bean标注在方法上(返回某个实例的方法),等价于spring的xml配置文件中的,做用为:注册bean对象函数
bean类:源码分析
package com.cqupt.meeting.config;
/**
* @Author: ranjun
* @Date: 2019/5/12 14:54
*/
public class TestBean {
private String username;
private String url;
private String password;
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
}
public void start() {
System.out.println("TestBean init...");
}
public void cleanup() {
System.out.println("TestBean destroy...");
}
}
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配置类:为TestConfig类添加方法测试
// @Bean注解注册bean,同时能够指定初始化和销毁方法
// @Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanup")
//name属性至关于<bean>标签的id
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public TestBean testBean() {
return new TestBean();
}
}
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测试:ui
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfig.class);
// 若是加载spring-context.xml文件:
// ApplicationContext context = new
// ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
//获取bean
TestBean testBean = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
testBean.sayHello();
}
}
结果:
testconfig collection init success
TestBean sayHello...
Process finished with exit code 0
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注:
(1)、@Bean注解在返回实例的方法上,若是未经过@Bean指定bean的名称,则默认与标注的方法名相同(第一个单词转小写);
(2)、@Bean注解默认做用域为单例singleton做用域,可经过@Scope(“prototype”)设置为原型做用域;
(3)、既然@Bean的做用是注册bean对象,那么彻底可使用@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Ripository等注解注册bean,固然须要配置@ComponentScan注解进行自动扫描。
scope属性
1). singleton属性值(掌握):默认值,单例
2). prototype属性值(掌握):多例(原型做用域)
3). request属性值(了解):建立对象,把对象放到request域里
4). session属性值(了解):建立对象,把对象放到session域里
5). globalSession属性值(了解):建立对象,把对象放到globalSession域里
@Bean下管理bean的生命周期
可使用基于 Java 的配置来管理 bean 的生命周期。@Bean 支持两种属性,即 initMethod 和destroyMethod,这些属性可用于定义生命周期方法。在实例化 bean 或即将销毁它时,容器即可调用生命周期方法。生命周期方法也称为回调方法,由于它将由容器调用。使用 @Bean 注释注册的 bean 也支持 JSR-250 规定的标准 @PostConstruct 和 @PreDestroy 注解。若是您正在使用 XML 方法来定义 bean,那么就应该使用 bean 元素来定义生命周期回调方法。如下代码显示了在 XML 配置中一般使用 bean 元素定义回调的方法。
//@Bean注解注册bean,同时能够指定初始化和销毁方法
@Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
@Scope("prototype")
public TestBean testBean() {
return new TestBean();
}
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启动测试类:
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
System.out.println(tb);
TestBean tb2 = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
System.out.println(tb2);
}
}
结果:
testconfig collection init success
TestBean init...
com.cqupt.meeting.config.TestBean@5852c06f
TestBean init...
com.cqupt.meeting.config.TestBean@4149c063
Process finished with exit code 0
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分析:
结果中的1:代表initMethod生效
结果中的2:代表@Scope("prototype")生效
bean类
package com.cqupt.meeting.config;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @Author: ranjun
* @Date: 2019/5/12 14:54
*/
//添加注册bean的注解
@Component
public class TestBean {
private String username;
private String url;
private String password;
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
}
public void start() {
System.out.println("TestBean init...");
}
public void cleanup() {
System.out.println("TestBean destroy...");
}
}
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配置类:
package com.cqupt.meeting.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
/**
* @Author: ranjun
* @Date: 2019/5/12 14:44
*/
@Configuration
//添加自动扫描注解,basePackages为TestBean包路径
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.cqupt.meeting.config")
public class TestConfig {
public TestConfig(){
System.out.println("testconfig collection init success");
}
// @Bean注解注册bean,同时能够指定初始化和销毁方法
// @Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanup")
//// @Bean
// @Scope("prototype")
// public TestBean testBean() {
// return new TestBean();
// }
}
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主方法测试获取bean对象:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfig.class);
// 若是加载spring-context.xml文件:
// ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
//获取bean
TestBean testBean1 = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
testBean1.sayHello();
}
}
结果:
testconfig collection init success
TestBean sayHello...
Process finished with exit code 0
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sayHello()方法被正常调用
public static void main(String[] args) {
// @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
//获取bean
TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
tb.sayHello();
}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
ctx.register(AppContext.class)
}
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过去,您一般要利用 XmlWebApplicationContext 上下文来配置 Spring Web 应用程序,即在 Web 部署描述符文件 web.xml 中指定外部 XML 上下文文件的路径。XMLWebApplicationContext 是 Web 应用程序使用的默认上下文类。如下代码描述了 web.xml 中指向将由 ContextLoaderListener 监听器类载入的外部 XML 上下文文件的元素。
<web-app>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>sampleServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
</servlet>
...
</web-app>
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如今,您要将 web.xml 中的上述代码更改成使用 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 类。切记,XmlWebApplicationContext 是 Spring 为 Web 应用程序使用的默认上下文实现,所以您永远没必要在您的web.xml 文件中显式指定这个上下文类。如今,您将使用基于 Java 的配置,所以在配置 Web 应用程序时,须要在web.xml 文件中指定 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 类。上述代码将修改以下:
<web-app>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>
org.springframework.web.context.
support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
demo.AppContext
</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>sampleServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>
org.springframework.web.context.
support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
...
</web-app>
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以上修改后的 web.xml 如今定义了 AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext 上下文类,并将其做为上下文参数和 servlet 元素的一部分。上下文配置位置如今指向 AppContext 配置类。这很是简单。下一节将演示 bean 的生命周期回调和范围的实现。
@Configuation等价于
@Bean等价于
@ComponentScan等价于<context:component-scan base-package="com.dxz.demo"/>
package com.cqupt.meeting.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
/**
* @Author: ranjun
* @Date: 2019/5/12 20:31
*/
@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:configtest.xml")
public class WebConfig {
public WebConfig(){
System.out.println("WebConfig coolection init success");
}
}
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TestBean2:
package com.cqupt.meeting.config;
/**
* @Author: ranjun
* @Date: 2019/5/12 20:32
*/
public class TestBean2 {
private String username;
private String url;
private String password;
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("TestBean2 sayHello..."+username);
}
public void start() {
System.out.println("TestBean2 init...");
}
public void cleanUp() {
System.out.println("TestBean2 destroy...");
}
}
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configtest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="testBean2" class="com.cqupt.meeting.config.TestBean2">
<property name="username" value="ranjun"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
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测试类:
public class TestMain2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(WebConfig.class);
// 若是加载spring-context.xml文件:
// ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
// 获取bean
TestBean2 tb = (TestBean2) context.getBean("testBean2");
tb.sayHello();
}
}
结果:
WebConfig coolection init success
TestBean2 sayHello...ranjun
Process finished with exit code 0
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@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:configtest.xml")
@Import(TestConfig.class)
public class WebConfig {
public WebConfig(){
System.out.println("WebConfig coolection init success");
}
}
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TestConfig:
@Configuration
//添加自动扫描注解,basePackages为TestBean包路径
//@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.cqupt.meeting.config")
public class TestConfig {
public TestConfig(){
System.out.println("testconfig collection init success");
}
// @Bean注解注册bean,同时能够指定初始化和销毁方法
// @Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanup")
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public TestBean testBean() {
return new TestBean();
}
}
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测试类:
public class TestMain2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(WebConfig.class);
// 若是加载spring-context.xml文件:
// ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
// 获取bean
TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
tb.sayHello();
TestBean2 tb2 = (TestBean2) context.getBean("testBean2");
tb2.sayHello();
}
}
结果:
WebConfig coolection init success
testconfig collection init success
TestBean sayHello...
TestBean2 sayHello...ranjun
Process finished with exit code 0
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能够看到三个容器都成功启动了
经过配置类嵌套的配置类,达到组合多个配置类的目的。==但注意内部类必须是静态类==。
上代码:
@Configuration
//添加自动扫描注解,basePackages为TestBean包路径
//@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.cqupt.meeting.config")
public class TestConfig {
public TestConfig(){
System.out.println("testconfig collection init success");
}
// @Bean注解注册bean,同时能够指定初始化和销毁方法
// @Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanup")
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public TestBean testBean() {
return new TestBean();
}
@Configuration
static class InnerConfig {
@Bean
TestBean2 testBean2() {
TestBean2 testBean2 = new TestBean2();
testBean2.setUsername("ranjun");
return testBean2;
}
}
}
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测试类:
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfig.class);
// 若是加载spring-context.xml文件:
// ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
//获取bean
TestBean testBean1 = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
testBean1.sayHello();
TestBean2 testBean2 = (TestBean2)context.getBean("testBean2");
testBean2.sayHello();
}
}
结果:
testconfig collection init success
TestBean sayHello...
TestBean2 sayHello...ranjun
Process finished with exit code 0
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配合@Configuration使用,包括 @EnableAsync, @EnableScheduling, @EnableTransactionManagement, @EnableAspectJAutoProxy, @EnableWebMvc。
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy--- spring AOP 之二:@AspectJ注解的3种配置
@EnableScheduling--《Spring 3.1新特性之二:@Enable*注解的源码,spring源码分析之定时任务Scheduled注解
一、@PropertySource + Environment,经过@PropertySource注解将properties配置文件中的值存储到Spring的 Environment中,Environment接口提供方法去读取配置文件中的值,参数是properties文件中定义的key值。
二、@PropertySource(PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer)+@Value