在WINDOWS中安装使用GSL（MinGW64+Sublime Text3 & Visual Studio）

时间  2019-12-02
标签 windows 安装 使用 gsl mingw64+sublime mingw sublime text3 text visual studio 栏目 Windows 繁體版
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        本文介绍在Windows下安装使用GSL库，涉及GSL两个版本（官方最新版及GSL1.8 VC版）、msys shell、GCC、G++等内容，最终实现对GSL安装及示例基于MinGW64在Sublime Text3下的编译运行，并实现GSL在Visual Studio下的使用及部分示例测试。还介绍了GSL1.8 VC版本的编译使用过程。php

目录html

1、GSL简介ios

2、在WINDOWS下安装介绍c++

3、安装使用GSL （GNU）git

1. 安装过程（32bit & 64bit）shell

2. 使用过程（基于MinGW-w64命令行及Sublime Text3和Visual Studio）windows

4、安装使用Gsl1.8（GnuWin32）网络

总结app

 

1、GSL简介

（官方介绍，不作累述）dom

GSL简介及下载地址：GSL - GNU Scientific Library

l  Introduction

The GNU Scientific Library (GSL) is a numerical library for C and C++ programmers. It is free software under the GNU General Public License.

The library provides a wide range of mathematical routines such as random number generators, special functions and least-squares fitting. There are over 1000 functions in total with an extensive test suite.

The complete range of subject areas covered by the library includes,

Complex Numbers

Roots of Polynomials

Special Functions

Vectors and Matrices

Permutations

Sorting

BLAS Support

Linear Algebra

Eigensystems

Fast Fourier Transforms

Quadrature

Random Numbers

Quasi-Random Sequences

Random Distributions

Statistics

Histograms

N-Tuples

Monte Carlo Integration

Simulated Annealing

Differential Equations

Interpolation

Numerical Differentiation

Chebyshev Approximation

Series Acceleration

Discrete Hankel Transforms

Root-Finding

Minimization

Least-Squares Fitting

Physical Constants

IEEE Floating-Point

Discrete Wavelet Transforms

Basis splines

Running Statistics

Sparse Matrices and Linear Algebra

Unlike the licenses of proprietary numerical libraries the license of GSL does not restrict scientific cooperation. It allows you to share your programs freely with others.

l  Downloading GSL

The current stable version is GSL-2.4. It was released on 19 June 2017. Details of recent changes can be found in the NEWS file.

GSL can be found in the gsl subdirectory on your nearest GNU mirror http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gsl/.

For other ways to obtain GSL, please read How to get GNU Software

Installation instructions can be found in the included README and INSTALL files.

Precompiled binary packages are included in most GNU/Linux distributions.

A compiled version of GSL is available as part of Cygwin on Windows.

l  Documentation

GSL includes a reference manual in reStructuredText format. You can view the manual in HTML and PDF, or read it on your system using the shell command info gsl-ref (if the library is installed).

The GSL Reference Manual is available online,

 

2、在WINDOWS下安装介绍

        GSL在Windows下，可经过安装Cygwin使用，因其自带GSL库；本文主要介绍在MinGW下用msys生成GSL最新版的静态库、导入库及动态库过程，并经过命令行、Sublime Text3或Visual Studio编译使用GSL库；另外介绍了GSL1.8 VC版在Visual Studio2015下的编译使用。

3、安装使用GSL （GNU）

官方建议的最简单编译安装方式：

  1. `cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type  `./configure' to configure the package for your system. Running `configure' might take a while.  While running, it prints  some messages telling which features it is checking for.

  2. Type `make' to compile the package.

  3. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and documentation.  When installing into a prefix owned by root, it is recommended that the package be configured and built as a regular  user, and only the `make install' phase executed with root privileges. OR  For example, `make install prefix=/alternate/directory'。

GSL最新版源码解压后目录内容以下：

 

1.  安装过程（32bit & 64bit）

        要执行上面的三个步骤，首先须要一个UNIX环境，在Windows下，可使用msys来模拟，MSYS是一个小型的GNU环境，是一个经过将Linux源代码在Win32上编译而成的UNIX工做环境；MSYS相似于Cygwin，可是因为工做原理的不一样，速度更快、体积更小、功能强大、便于携带；使用MSYS能够取代商业的VC环境，一样开发出商业版权的程序而不受任何版权限制；可从MinGW32官方下载，在此推荐一个集成版下载，其集成了多个实用工具，本文采用集成版msys。将下载的msys集成版压缩包解压后，将msys文件夹直接复制到本身喜欢的地方，建议放在MinGW目录下，便于明确归属。而后将<msys install dir>/bin目录加到系统PATH中。

 

另外，还须要准备MinGW编译工具，在此就MinGW作一下简单介绍，MinGW 的全称是：Minimalist GNU on Windows 。它提供了一套简单方便的Windows下的基于GCC 程序开发环境，是从Cygwin里fork出来的。当初只考虑32位，和Cygwin相比，不强调POSIX兼容性而相对强调性能和减少依赖。目前还存在的版本有MinGW-w64， MinGW-w64 与 MinGW 的区别在于 MinGW 只能编译生成32位可执行程序，而 MinGW-w64 则能够编译生成 64位 或 32位 可执行程序。（听说，MinGW-W64的主要维护者Kai Tietz由于工做须要，他想让MinGW提供扩充x64支持，但对方态度很不友好，因而愤而fork出来，这就是MinGW-W64的由来：）。如今推荐使用MinGW-w64，因GSL的按照会根据本地系统平台自动生成，也就是说在64位系统下会自动匹配64位的GCC，这样生成的库文件没法在x86的项目中编译经过，所以，须要在本地下载配置32位和64位的MinGW-w64。

先进入MinGW-w64下载地址：https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/，在此页面根据平台须要连接64位<Toolchains targetting Win64//Personal Builds/mingw-builds/版本号/threads-posix/seh/>或32位<Toolchains targetting Win32/Personal Builds/mingw-builds/版本号/threads-posix/dwarf/>，本示例使用的版本是：x86_64-7.1.0-release-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev2.7z和i686-7.1.0-release-posix-dwarf-rt_v5-rev2.7z，解压后，将bin目录添加到系统路径中（系统路径中应仅存在一个版本的bin目录），在命令行提示符下输入"gcc -v"或"g++ -v"来查看版本信息。

对应关系：

32bit g++.exe —> i686-w64-mingw32-g++

32bit gcc.exe —> i686-w64-mingw32-gcc

64bit g++.exe —> x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++

64bit gcc.exe —> x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc

根据拟编译GSL的平台环境，配置好MinGW-w64后，进入msys目录，在此目录中执行msys.bat（直接双击运行或以超级管理员身份运行），在$提示符下输入help的界面以下图：

 

在$提示符下输入：

   cd空格/盘符/gsl源码目录/——如：cd /c/gnu/gslmsys_code

进入该目录后，进行GSL安装的三个步骤，前后执行：

1)     ./configure    ——  此过程较慢，耐心等待便可（针对32位编译，执行CFLAGS="-m32" CXXFLAGS="-m32" ./configure）

2)     make  ——  编译生成过程

3)     make install  ——  将编译好的库和头文件等安装在<msys install dir>\local目录中。

 

安装后的GSL目录中含有bin、lib、include、share四个文件夹

 

至此，GSL最新版安装完成，GSL库目录结构以下：

\bin （libgsl-23.dll、libgslcblas-0.dll）

\include  （\gsl\gsl_*.h）

\lib  （libgsl.a、libgsl.la、libgsl.dll.a、libgslcblas.a、libgslcblas.la、libgslcblas.dll.a）

\share

2.  使用过程（基于MinGW-w64命令行及Sublime Text3和Visual Studio）

  • 示例代码

在本身的示例代码目录下新建一个C或CPP文件，复制示例代码并保存。

C示例代码：(gsldemo.c)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_sf_bessel.h>
int main ()
{
  double x = 5.0;
  double y = gsl_sf_bessel_J0 (x);
  printf ("J0(%g) = %.18e\n", x, y);
  return 0;
  // Expected output: J0(5) = -1.775967713143382600e-001
}

CPP示例代码：（gsldemo.cpp）

//#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip> //for use std::setprecision()
#include <gsl/gsl_sf_bessel.h>

using namespace std;
int main ()
{
  double x = 5.0;
  double y = gsl_sf_bessel_J0 (x);
  //printf ("J0(%g) = %.18e\n", x, y);
  cout << "J0(" << x <<") = " << std::setprecision(18) << std::scientific << y << endl;
  return 0;
  // Expected output: J0(5) = -1.775967713143382642e-001
}

 

  • Visual Studio
    • 使用此库，在Dubug和Release配置下设置方式同样，根据不一样编译平台（x86或x64）选择对应库目录便可。
    • 在项目的属性页，选择VC++目录的的常规选项页，在包含目录添加"<GSL install dir>\<GSLxXX>\include"，在库目录添加"<GSL install dir>\<GSLxXX>\lib"，可在源目录添加"<GSL install dir>\src\gsl-2.4"；
    • 选择C/C++目录的预处理器选项页，在预处理器定义中添加"GSL_DLL;"；
    • 选择连接器目录的输入选项页，在附加依赖项中添加"libgsl.dll.a;libgslcblas.dll.a;"；
    • 此时可编译生成，成功后，将<GSL install dir>\<GSLxXX>\bin目录下的libgsl-23.dll和libgslcblas-0.dll复制到项目执行文件生成同目录下，或直接将该bin目录添加到系统路径中。
  • MinGW-w64命令行

在Windows命令行提示符下，进入示例目录，执行gcc编译示例：

gcc -o gsldemo gsldemo.c -IC:/gnu/gsl/include -LC:/gnu/gsl/lib -lgsl -lgslcblas –lm
  • Sublime Text3

      附：使用Sublime Text3编译使用了GSL库的C或CPP源程序，能够在ST3新建一个编译环境文件，复制粘贴下面内容，并对其中引用的路径修改成正确路径，便可在ST3中进行编译使用了。

// Put this file ([Your Build Name].sublime-build) here:
// "C:\Users\[User Name]\AppData\Roaming\Sublime Text 3\Packages\User"
// OR use "Tools -> Build System -> New Build System..." and put the code there and save.
// Use "Ctrl+B" to Build and "Crtl+Shift+B" to Build or Run the project.
{
//根据使用GCC或G++须要取消或添加注释便可
//用G++编译调用了GSL库的CPP程序，可命名为G++_GSL.sublime-build
"shell_cmd": "g++ -o \"${file}\" \"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\" -I\"<GSL install dir>/include/\" -L\"<GSL install dir>/lib\" -lgsl -lgslcblas –lm ",
"file_regex": "^(..[^:]*):([0-9]+):?([0-9]+)?:? (.*)$",
"working_dir": "${file_path}",
"selector": "source.c, source.c++",
"variants":
[
{
"name": "Run",
"shell_cmd": " g++ -o \"${file}\" \"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\" -I\"<GSL install dir>/include/\" -L\"<GSL install dir>/lib\" -lgsl -lgslcblas –lm && start cmd /c \"\"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\" & pause\""
}
]
//命令行G++命令示例
// g++ -o gsldemo gsldemo.cpp -IC:/gnu/gsl/include -LC:/gnu/gsl/lib -lgsl -lgslcblas -lm

//=========================================================

//用GCC编译调用了GSL库的C程序，可命名为GCC_GSL.sublime-build
//"shell_cmd": "gcc -o \"${file}\" \"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\" -I\"<GSL install dir>/include/\" -L\"<GSL install dir>/lib\" -lgsl -lgslcblas –lm ",
//"file_regex": "^(..[^:]*):([0-9]+):?([0-9]+)?:? (.*)$",
//"working_dir": "${file_path}",
//"selector": "source.c",
//"shell": true,
//"variants":
//[
//{
//"name": "Run",
//"shell_cmd": " gcc -o \"${file}\" \"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\" -I\"<GSL install dir>/include/\" -L\"<GSL install dir>/lib\" -lgsl -lgslcblas –lm && start cmd /c \"\"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\" & pause\""
//}
//]
//命令行GCC命令示例
// gcc -o gsldemo gsldemo.c -IC:/gnu/gsl/include -LC:/gnu/gsl/lib -lgsl -lgslcblas –lm
}

4、安装使用Gsl1.8（GnuWin32）

参考：GSL for Windows

          源码压缩包中/VC8/Readme_VC8.htm

下载地址：https://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32/files/gsl/1.8/

或

  • Download

Description

  

Download

  

Size

  

Last change

  

Md5sum

• Complete package, except sources

 

Setup

 

6476814

 

11 July 2006

 

d0c114f842933622a156bfa757ee14c2

• Sources

 

Setup

 

2145579

 

11 July 2006

 

71ee925eb86d7772fa8b4904dc755508

 

                

• Binaries

 

Zip

 

982270

 

11 July 2006

 

94635ae687c4f39d5f4e5985e31c1360

• Developer files

 

Zip

 

1202181

 

11 July 2006

 

ff1be5ca621f2e7849b6405c132f4d59

• Documentation

 

Zip

 

5077599

 

11 July 2006

 

8c97d5a31f179b066c6db885fd42ca22

• Sources

 

Zip

 

4361954

 

11 July 2006

 

5c0df6ca6798ef666b6f89af161b76ba

You can also download the files from the GnuWin32 files page.

以上下载连接分别对应以下文件：

1)     gsl-1.8.exe      2006-07-11      6.5 MB 

2)     gsl-1.8-src.exe 2006-07-11      2.1 MB 

3)     gsl-1.8-bin.zip 2006-07-11      982.3 kB  

4)     gsl-1.8-lib.zip   2006-07-11      1.2 MB 

5)     gsl-1.8-doc.zip 2006-07-11      5.1 MB 

6)     gsl-1.8-src.zip   2006-07-11      4.4 MB 

        先不急于立刻安装，分析一下这些文件的做用，1)项执行后将创建一个GSL目录，并可选择性安装三、四、5项的内容，分别创建bin、lib、include目录；2)项执行后将GSL所有源文件复制到GSL目录的/src/gsl-1.8下而已，一、2完整安装后的文件结构以下：

\contrib\gsl-1.8

     AUTHORS                original gsl-1.7 contributors

     BUGS                   original gsl-1.7 bug list

     ChangeLog              gsl-1.7 ChangeLog modified for GnuWin32

     COPYING                original gsl-1.7 license

     INSTALL                original gsl-1.7 install instructions

     NEWS                   original gsl-1.7 news

     README                 original gsl-1.7 Readme

     Readme_GnuWin32.txt    GnuWin32-specific Readme

     SUPPORT                original gsl-1.7 support notice

     THANKS                 original gsl-1.7 acknowledgements

     TODO                   original gsl-1.7 to-do list

\bin

     libgsl.dll             gsl-1.7 dynamic link library (release version)

     libgsl_d.dll           gsl-1.7 dynamic link library (gcc debug) (*)

     libgslcblas.dll        cblas dynamic link library (release version)

     libgslcblas_d.dll      cblas dynamic link library (gcc debug) (*)

     gsl-histogram.exe      program for calculating histograms for data

     gsl-randist.exe        program for generating data conforming to a specified distribution

\lib

     libgsl.a                gsl static library (gcc)

     libgsl_d.a              gsl static library (gcc debug) (*)

     libgslcblas.a           cblas static library (gcc)

     libgslcblas_d.a         cblas static library (gcc debug) (*)

     libgsl_dll.a            gcc import library for libgsl.dll

     libgsl_d_dll.a          gcc import library for libgsl_d.dll (*)

     libgslcblas_dll.a       gcc import library for libgslcblas.dll

     libgslcblas_d_dll.a     gcc import library for libgslcblas_d.dll (*)

     libgsl.def              export definitions for libgsl.dll

     libgslcblas.def         export definitions for libgslcblas.dll

\doc (**)

\info

\man1

\man3     gsl help in various formats

\include\gsl     gsl include files

在此，仅依靠第6项下载文件：gsl-1.8-src.zip来完成此工做，建议就不要解压或安装其它包了，避免文件混乱。

具体步骤以下：

  • 用VS2015打开解压后的目录中的VC8下的libgsl.sln工程文件；
  • 对主项目按四种编译配置在x86平台选项下进行生成；【Release-StaticLib  Multi-Threaded (/MT)、Release-DLL  Multi-Threaded DLL (/MD)、Debug-StaticLib  Multi-Threaded Debug (/MTd)、Debug-DLL  Multi-Threaded Debug DLL (/MDd)】
  • 生成成功后，在VC8项目目录下可找到以下文件：

libgsl

Configuration

Build Targets

Release-StaticLib

libgsl.lib

Release-DLL

libgsl.dll

libgsl_dll.lib (import library)

Debug-StaticLib

libgsl_d.lib

Debug-DLL

libgsl_d.dll

libgsl_dll_d.lib (import library)

libgslcblas

Configuration

Build Targets

Release-StaticLib

libgslcblas.lib

Release-DLL

libgslcblas.dll

libgslcblas_dll.lib (import library)

Debug-StaticLib

libgslcblas_d.lib

Debug-DLL

libgslcblas_d.dll

libgslcblas_dll_d.lib (import library)

 

  • 在VS和MinGW下使用libgsl及libgslcblas，均以Release-DLL和Debug-DLL文件夹下的.lib及.dll进行调用编译便可。

总结

一、 在64bit系统下，强行编译32bit的GSL库，需在msys shell中使用“CFLAGS="-m32" CXXFLAGS="-m32"”参数进行配置。

二、 利用msys环境下make生成的*.dll.a（import library）一样能够在VS下进行调用编译，等同于VS编译生成的*_dll.lib（import library）。

三、关于Static libraries、import library、Dynamic libraries 【原文】

  • Static libraries on Linux have the .a file extension. Static libraries on Windows have the .lib file extension.
  • Dynamic libraries on Windows have the .dll extension; on Linux have the .so extension.
  • The import library is a static library. It contains the code required to load the DLL. in order to link against a DLL, an import library is required. Now you're using GCC (not cl.exe) to compile on Windows. GCC has another file extension convention for import libraries, it "should be called *.dll.a or *.a", as explained in the doc for the --out-implib you referred to. Import libraries (.lib with MSVC or .dll.a with GCC) are static libraries: they contain the code to load the DLL. I had the same question the other day.
  • A DLL may have functions that are exported and functions that are not exported. An import library has to know which functions are exported and which aren't. One of the means of telling it is a DEF file. When building the DLL, the linker uses the .def file to create an export (.exp) file and an import library (.lib) file. The linker then uses the export file to build the DLL file. Executables that implicitly link to the DLL link to the import library when they are built. -- MSDN: Exporting from a DLL Using DEF Files
  • Also see MSDN: Exporting Functions from a DLL by Ordinal Rather Than by Name, together that should answer your last question on export by index, or ordinal number.

四、 关于“ -l ”【原文】

How do I specify the libraries to be searched by the linker?

  • MinGW supports libraries named according to the "<name>.lib" and "<name>.dll" conventions, in addition to the normal "lib<name>.a" convention common on *nix systems. To include libraries named according to any of these conventions, simply add an associated "-l<name>" specification to the compiler command, ensuring it is placed after the name of the module in which the reference appears.
  • Note that, if the library is not found in any of the default library search paths, you may also need to insert an appropriate "-L<dir>"switch to specify its location; (it is recommended that you place the "-L<dir>" switch before the "-l<name>" specification which requires it).
  • Also note that the library names "lib<name>.a" and "lib<name>.lib" are not equivalent; if you have a library named according to the aberrant "lib<name>.lib" convention, it will not be found by an "-l<name>" specification -- if you cannot rename the library, you must use the form "-llib<name>" instead.
  • Finally, please do not fall into the all-too-common trap of placing any "-l<name>" specification before the name of any source or object module which requires it. Where the source file bar.c has dependencies on the library archive libfoo.a, the command:
$ gcc -lfoo bar.c

is incorrect, and will surely lead to "undefined reference" errors. The correct form for this command is:

$ gcc bar.c -lfoo

五、 相关参考及扩展阅读

（文中部份内容来源于网络，感谢原做者分享）

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