Android Service与Activity之间通讯的几种方式

转载请注明地址http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/9750689android

 

在Android中,Activity主要负责前台页面的展现,Service主要负责须要长期运行的任务,因此在咱们实际开发中,就会经常遇到Activity与Service之间的通讯,咱们通常在Activity中启动后台Service,经过Intent来启动,Intent中咱们能够传递数据给Service,而当咱们Service执行某些操做以后想要更新UI线程,咱们应该怎么作呢?接下来我就介绍两种方式来实现Service与Activity之间的通讯问题web

  • 经过Binder对象

当Activity经过调用bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,int flags),咱们能够获得一个Service的一个对象实例,而后咱们就能够访问Service中的方法,咱们仍是经过一个例子来理解一下吧,一个模拟下载的小例子,带你们理解一下经过Binder通讯的方式app

首先咱们新建一个工程Communication,而后新建一个Service类ide

 

package com.example.communication;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class MsgService extends Service {
    /**
     * 进度条的最大值
     */
    public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
    /**
     * 进度条的进度值
     */
    private int progress = 0;

    /**
     * 增长get()方法,供Activity调用
     * @return 下载进度
     */
    public int getProgress() {
        return progress;
    }

    /**
     * 模拟下载任务,每秒钟更新一次
     */
    public void startDownLoad(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
                    progress += 5;
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }


    /**
     * 返回一个Binder对象
     */
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return new MsgBinder();
    }
    
    public class MsgBinder extends Binder{
        /**
         * 获取当前Service的实例
         * @return
         */
        public MsgService getService(){
            return MsgService.this;
        }
    }

}

上面的代码比较简单,注释也比较详细,最基本的Service的应用了,相信你看得懂的,咱们调用startDownLoad()方法来模拟下载任务,而后每秒更新一次进度,但这是在后台进行中,咱们是看不到的,因此有时候咱们须要他能在前台显示下载的进度问题,因此咱们接下来就用到Activity了this

 

Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");  
bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

 

经过上面的代码咱们就在Activity绑定了一个Service,上面须要一个ServiceConnection对象,它是一个接口,咱们这里使用了匿名内部类spa

 

ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            
        }
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            //返回一个MsgService对象
            msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
            
        }
};

 

在onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) 回调方法中,返回了一个MsgService中的Binder对象,咱们能够经过getService()方法来获得一个MsgService对象,而后能够调用MsgService中的一些方法,Activity的代码以下.net

 

package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private MsgService msgService;
    private int progress = 0;
    private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
    

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        
        //绑定Service
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
        bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        
        
        mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
        Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //开始下载
                msgService.startDownLoad();
                //监听进度
                listenProgress();
            }
        });
        
    }
    

    /**
     * 监听进度,每秒钟获取调用MsgService的getProgress()方法来获取进度,更新UI
     */
    public void listenProgress(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(progress < MsgService.MAX_PROGRESS){
                    progress = msgService.getProgress();
                    mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                
            }
        }).start();
    }
    
    ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            
        }
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            //返回一个MsgService对象
            msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
            
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        unbindService(conn);
        super.onDestroy();
    }

}

 

其实上面的代码我仍是有点疑问,就是监听进度变化的那个方法我是直接在线程中更新UI的,不是说不能在其余线程更新UI操做吗,多是ProgressBar比较特殊吧,我也没去研究它的源码,知道的朋友能够告诉我一声,谢谢!线程

上面的代码就完成了在Service更新UI的操做,但是你发现了没有,咱们每次都要主动调用getProgress()来获取进度值,而后隔一秒在调用一次getProgress()方法,你会不会以为很被动呢?可不能够有一种方法当Service中进度发生变化主动通知Activity,答案是确定的,咱们能够利用回调接口实现Service的主动通知,不理解回调方法的能够看看http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/8703708code

新建一个回调接口orm

 

public interface OnProgressListener {
    void onProgress(int progress);
}

 

MsgService的代码有一些小小的改变,为了方便你们看懂,我仍是将全部代码贴出来

 

package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class MsgService extends Service {
    /**
     * 进度条的最大值
     */
    public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
    /**
     * 进度条的进度值
     */
    private int progress = 0;
    
    /**
     * 更新进度的回调接口
     */
    private OnProgressListener onProgressListener;
    
    
    /**
     * 注册回调接口的方法,供外部调用
     * @param onProgressListener
     */
    public void setOnProgressListener(OnProgressListener onProgressListener) {
        this.onProgressListener = onProgressListener;
    }

    /**
     * 增长get()方法,供Activity调用
     * @return 下载进度
     */
    public int getProgress() {
        return progress;
    }

    /**
     * 模拟下载任务,每秒钟更新一次
     */
    public void startDownLoad(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
                    progress += 5;
                    
                    //进度发生变化通知调用方
                    if(onProgressListener != null){
                        onProgressListener.onProgress(progress);
                    }
                    
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }


    /**
     * 返回一个Binder对象
     */
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return new MsgBinder();
    }
    
    public class MsgBinder extends Binder{
        /**
         * 获取当前Service的实例
         * @return
         */
        public MsgService getService(){
            return MsgService.this;
        }
    }

}

 

Activity中的代码以下

 

package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private MsgService msgService;
    private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
    

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        
        //绑定Service
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
        bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        
        
        mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
        Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //开始下载
                msgService.startDownLoad();
            }
        });
        
    }
    

    ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            
        }
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            //返回一个MsgService对象
            msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
            
            //注册回调接口来接收下载进度的变化
            msgService.setOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener() {
                
                @Override
                public void onProgress(int progress) {
                    mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
                    
                }
            });
            
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        unbindService(conn);
        super.onDestroy();
    }

}

 

用回调接口是否是更加的方便呢,当进度发生变化的时候Service主动通知Activity,Activity就能够更新UI操做了

当咱们的进度发生变化的时候咱们发送一条广播,而后在Activity的注册广播接收器,接收到广播以后更新ProgressBar,代码以下

 

package com.example.communication;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
    private Intent mIntent;
    private MsgReceiver msgReceiver;
    

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        //动态注册广播接收器
        msgReceiver = new MsgReceiver();
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");
        registerReceiver(msgReceiver, intentFilter);
        
        
        mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
        Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //启动服务
                mIntent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
                startService(mIntent);
            }
        });
        
    }

    
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        //中止服务
        stopService(mIntent);
        //注销广播
        unregisterReceiver(msgReceiver);
        super.onDestroy();
    }


    /**
     * 广播接收器
     * @author len
     *
     */
    public class MsgReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            //拿到进度,更新UI
            int progress = intent.getIntExtra("progress", 0);
            mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
        }
        
    }

}

 

package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class MsgService extends Service {
    /**
     * 进度条的最大值
     */
    public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
    /**
     * 进度条的进度值
     */
    private int progress = 0;
    
    private Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");
    

    /**
     * 模拟下载任务,每秒钟更新一次
     */
    public void startDownLoad(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
                    progress += 5;
                    
                    //发送Action为com.example.communication.RECEIVER的广播
                    intent.putExtra("progress", progress);
                    sendBroadcast(intent);
                    
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        startDownLoad();
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }



    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

}

总结:

  1. Activity调用bindService (Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags)方法,获得Service对象的一个引用,这样Activity能够直接调用到Service中的方法,若是要主动通知Activity,咱们能够利用回调
  2. Service向Activity发送消息,能够使用广播,固然Activity要注册相应的接收器。好比Service要向多个Activity发送一样的消息的话,用这种方法就更好
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