转载请注明地址http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/9750689android
在Android中,Activity主要负责前台页面的展现,Service主要负责须要长期运行的任务,因此在咱们实际开发中,就会经常遇到Activity与Service之间的通讯,咱们通常在Activity中启动后台Service,经过Intent来启动,Intent中咱们能够传递数据给Service,而当咱们Service执行某些操做以后想要更新UI线程,咱们应该怎么作呢?接下来我就介绍两种方式来实现Service与Activity之间的通讯问题web
当Activity经过调用bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,int flags),咱们能够获得一个Service的一个对象实例,而后咱们就能够访问Service中的方法,咱们仍是经过一个例子来理解一下吧,一个模拟下载的小例子,带你们理解一下经过Binder通讯的方式app
首先咱们新建一个工程Communication,而后新建一个Service类ide
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.IBinder; public class MsgService extends Service { /** * 进度条的最大值 */ public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100; /** * 进度条的进度值 */ private int progress = 0; /** * 增长get()方法,供Activity调用 * @return 下载进度 */ public int getProgress() { return progress; } /** * 模拟下载任务,每秒钟更新一次 */ public void startDownLoad(){ new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){ progress += 5; try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }).start(); } /** * 返回一个Binder对象 */ @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return new MsgBinder(); } public class MsgBinder extends Binder{ /** * 获取当前Service的实例 * @return */ public MsgService getService(){ return MsgService.this; } } }
上面的代码比较简单,注释也比较详细,最基本的Service的应用了,相信你看得懂的,咱们调用startDownLoad()方法来模拟下载任务,而后每秒更新一次进度,但这是在后台进行中,咱们是看不到的,因此有时候咱们须要他能在前台显示下载的进度问题,因此咱们接下来就用到Activity了this
Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION"); bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
经过上面的代码咱们就在Activity绑定了一个Service,上面须要一个ServiceConnection对象,它是一个接口,咱们这里使用了匿名内部类spa
ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { //返回一个MsgService对象 msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService(); }
};
在onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) 回调方法中,返回了一个MsgService中的Binder对象,咱们能够经过getService()方法来获得一个MsgService对象,而后能够调用MsgService中的一些方法,Activity的代码以下.net
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.IBinder; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ProgressBar; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private MsgService msgService; private int progress = 0; private ProgressBar mProgressBar; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //绑定Service Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION"); bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1); Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1); mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //开始下载 msgService.startDownLoad(); //监听进度 listenProgress(); } }); } /** * 监听进度,每秒钟获取调用MsgService的getProgress()方法来获取进度,更新UI */ public void listenProgress(){ new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while(progress < MsgService.MAX_PROGRESS){ progress = msgService.getProgress(); mProgressBar.setProgress(progress); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }).start(); } ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { //返回一个MsgService对象 msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService(); } }; @Override protected void onDestroy() { unbindService(conn); super.onDestroy(); } }
其实上面的代码我仍是有点疑问,就是监听进度变化的那个方法我是直接在线程中更新UI的,不是说不能在其余线程更新UI操做吗,多是ProgressBar比较特殊吧,我也没去研究它的源码,知道的朋友能够告诉我一声,谢谢!线程
上面的代码就完成了在Service更新UI的操做,但是你发现了没有,咱们每次都要主动调用getProgress()来获取进度值,而后隔一秒在调用一次getProgress()方法,你会不会以为很被动呢?可不能够有一种方法当Service中进度发生变化主动通知Activity,答案是确定的,咱们能够利用回调接口实现Service的主动通知,不理解回调方法的能够看看http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/8703708code
新建一个回调接口orm
public interface OnProgressListener { void onProgress(int progress); }
MsgService的代码有一些小小的改变,为了方便你们看懂,我仍是将全部代码贴出来
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.IBinder; public class MsgService extends Service { /** * 进度条的最大值 */ public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100; /** * 进度条的进度值 */ private int progress = 0; /** * 更新进度的回调接口 */ private OnProgressListener onProgressListener; /** * 注册回调接口的方法,供外部调用 * @param onProgressListener */ public void setOnProgressListener(OnProgressListener onProgressListener) { this.onProgressListener = onProgressListener; } /** * 增长get()方法,供Activity调用 * @return 下载进度 */ public int getProgress() { return progress; } /** * 模拟下载任务,每秒钟更新一次 */ public void startDownLoad(){ new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){ progress += 5; //进度发生变化通知调用方 if(onProgressListener != null){ onProgressListener.onProgress(progress); } try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }).start(); } /** * 返回一个Binder对象 */ @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return new MsgBinder(); } public class MsgBinder extends Binder{ /** * 获取当前Service的实例 * @return */ public MsgService getService(){ return MsgService.this; } } }
Activity中的代码以下
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.IBinder; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ProgressBar; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private MsgService msgService; private ProgressBar mProgressBar; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //绑定Service Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION"); bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1); Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1); mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //开始下载 msgService.startDownLoad(); } }); } ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { //返回一个MsgService对象 msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService(); //注册回调接口来接收下载进度的变化 msgService.setOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener() { @Override public void onProgress(int progress) { mProgressBar.setProgress(progress); } }); } }; @Override protected void onDestroy() { unbindService(conn); super.onDestroy(); } }
用回调接口是否是更加的方便呢,当进度发生变化的时候Service主动通知Activity,Activity就能够更新UI操做了
当咱们的进度发生变化的时候咱们发送一条广播,而后在Activity的注册广播接收器,接收到广播以后更新ProgressBar,代码以下
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ProgressBar; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private ProgressBar mProgressBar; private Intent mIntent; private MsgReceiver msgReceiver; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //动态注册广播接收器 msgReceiver = new MsgReceiver(); IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(); intentFilter.addAction("com.example.communication.RECEIVER"); registerReceiver(msgReceiver, intentFilter); mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1); Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1); mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //启动服务 mIntent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION"); startService(mIntent); } }); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { //中止服务 stopService(mIntent); //注销广播 unregisterReceiver(msgReceiver); super.onDestroy(); } /** * 广播接收器 * @author len * */ public class MsgReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{ @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { //拿到进度,更新UI int progress = intent.getIntExtra("progress", 0); mProgressBar.setProgress(progress); } } }
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.IBinder; public class MsgService extends Service { /** * 进度条的最大值 */ public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100; /** * 进度条的进度值 */ private int progress = 0; private Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.RECEIVER"); /** * 模拟下载任务,每秒钟更新一次 */ public void startDownLoad(){ new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){ progress += 5; //发送Action为com.example.communication.RECEIVER的广播 intent.putExtra("progress", progress); sendBroadcast(intent); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }).start(); } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { startDownLoad(); return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return null; } }
总结: