Linux的运行级别

一.Linux的运行级别

    1.查看当前运行级别的命令：runlevel

    2.每一个运行级别的做用

二.各运行级别下的含义

    1.init 0（关机）

    # ls /etc/rc.d/rc0.d

    K05wdaemon             K60crond               K84NetworkManager        K90network

    K10saslauthd             K73winbind            K84wpa_supplicant           K92ip6tables

    K15svnserve              K74haldaemon       K85mdmonitor                  K92iptables

    K25sshd                     K74ntpd                  K85messagebus                K95firstboot

    K30postfix                 K75netfs                 K87restorecond                 S00killall

    K30spice-vdagentd   K75ntpdate            K88auditd                          S01halt

    K50dnsmasq              K75udev-post        K88rsyslog

    K50netconsole           K80kdump             K89rdisc

 

    这个级别启动的只有killall和hatl服务，杀死所有进程和关机，这个级别只用做关机

    2.init 1（单用户模式）

    # ls /etc/rc.d/rc1.d

    K05wdaemon             K60crond                             K84wpa_supplicant          K92ip6tables

    K10saslauthd              K73winbind                         K85mdmonitor                 K92iptables

    K15svnserve               K74haldaemon                    K85messagebus                K95firstboot

    K25sshd                      K74ntpd                              K87restorecond                 S26udev-post

    K30postfix                   K75netfs                             K88auditd                          S99single

    K30spice-vdagentd     K75ntpdate                        K88rsyslog

    K50dnsmasq                K80kdump                         K89rdisc

    K50netconsole            K84NetworkManager        K90network

    

    这个级别启动的服务一样只有两个，udev相关和single(单用户模式)。只支持root单用户，不支持其     他用户使用

    3.init 2（多用户模式-无fns）

    # ls /etc/rc.d/rc2.d

    K05wdaemon              K74ntpd                    S08ip6tables               S26udev-post

    K10saslauthd               K75netfs                   S08iptables                 S55sshd

    K15svnserve                 K75ntpdate              S10network                S80postfix

    K30spice-vdagentd      K80kdump               S11auditd                   S90crond

    K50dnsmasq                K84wpa_supplicant  S12rsyslog                  S99local

    K50netconsole             K87restorecond       S15mdmonitor

    K73winbind                  K89rdisc                   S22messagebus

    K74haldaemon             K95firstboot            S23NetworkManager

    

    这个级别启动服务不少， 基本上须要的都有，可是nfs相关服务没有开启，这个级别不支持nfs

    4.init 3（多用户模式）

    # ls /etc/rc.d/rc3.d

    K05wdaemon             K75ntpdate                 S11auditd              S26udev-post

    K10saslauthd              K84wpa_supplicant     S12rsyslog             S55sshd

    K15svnserve                K87restorecond          S15mdmonitor      S80postfix

    K30spice-vdagentd     K89rdisc                      S20kdump             S90crond

    K50dnsmasq               K95firstboot                S22messagebus     S99local

    K50netconsole            S08ip6tables               S23NetworkManager

    K73winbind                 S08iptables                 S25netfs

    K74ntpd                      S10network                 S26haldaemon

    服务基本开启，nfs服务也有了，咱们平时运行虚拟机默认的启动级别也是这个级别

    5.init 4（保留级别）

    # ls /etc/rc.d/rc4.d

    K05wdaemon             K75ntpdate                 S11auditd                  S26udev-post

    K10saslauthd              K84wpa_supplicant     S12rsyslog                S55sshd

    K15svnserve                K87restorecond          S15mdmonitor         S80postfix

    K30spice-vdagentd     K89rdisc                      S20kdump                S90crond

    K50dnsmasq               K95firstboot                S22messagebus        S99local

    K50netconsole            S08ip6tables               S23NetworkManager

    K73winbind                 S08iptables                 S25netfs

    K74ntpd                      S10network                 S26haldaemon

    开启的服务和init3是同样同样滴，因此这只是做为一个保留的级别（并非安全模式！）

    6.init 5（图形界面）

    # ls /etc/rc.d/rc5.d

    K05wdaemon         K84wpa_supplicant          S12rsyslog                     S55sshd

    K10saslauthd          K87restorecond               S15mdmonitor              S70spice-vdagentd

    K15svnserve           K89rdisc                           S20kdump                     S80postfix

    K50dnsmasq          K95firstboot                     S22messagebus             S90crond

    K50netconsole       S08ip6tables                    S23NetworkManager      S99local

    K73winbind            S08iptables                      S25netfs

    K74ntpd                 S10network                      S26haldaemon

    K75ntpdate            S11auditd                        S26udev-post

    我并无安装图形界面，全部我也不是很清楚

    七、init 6（从新启动）

     # ls /etc/rc.d/rc6.d

     K05wdaemon             K60crond              K84NetworkManager      K90network

     K10saslauthd              K73winbind          K84wpa_supplicant          K92ip6tables

     K15svnserve               K74haldaemon     K85mdmonitor                K92iptables

     K25sshd                      K74ntpd               K85messagebus               K95firstboot

     K30postfix                  K75netfs               K87restorecond               S00killall

     K30spice-vdagentd    K75ntpdate          K88auditd                        S01reboot

     K50dnsmasq               K75udev-post      K88rsyslog

     K50netconsole            K80kdump           K89rdisc

     只有一个killall和一个reboot reboot（从新启动）

三.安装图形界面

     1.首先用yum grouplist查看可用的安装软件包；

     2.由于并不支持中文（我不服），因此要转化成英文：LANG=en；

     3.安装Desktop和window system；

        yum grouplist -y "X Window System"

        yum grouplist -y "Desktop"

     

     这样图形界面就安装成功，大功告成了