android之wifi移植全过程（一）

硬件环境     

                               WIFI模块：Marvell8686 SDIO WIFI

                              开发板：S5PC100     

                        软件环境

                               Linux 2.6.29  Android 2.1

项目目标：实现WIFI上网功能、并对WIFI休眠进行改善。

项目开发流程：

硬件分析：对Marvell8686 SDIO WIFI模块硬件工做特性了解和分析

工做原理分析：对Marvel8686 SDIO WIFI工做原理进行分析

Android WIFI框架分析：对Android WIFI系统框架分析

进行源码分析、编写、修改及编译

调试、并完善

 

 

 

 

 

1、1.编译内核，生成驱动模块
     在内核的根目录下执行make
     生成libertas.ko 和libertas_sdio.ko
     [*] Networking support  ---> 
         [*]   Wireless  ---> 
                 --- Wireless                                               
                <*>   Improved wireless configuration API                  
                 [*]     cfg80211 regulatory debugging                       
                 [*]     nl80211 new netlink interface support                                                                              
                 -*-   Common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers   
         Device Drivers  --->  
         [*] Network device support  ---> 
                Wireless LAN  --->  
               <*>   Marvell 8xxx Libertas WLAN driver support              （注：编译进内核，若模块则是：libertas.ko）       
               <M>     Marvell Libertas 8385 and 8686 SDIO 802.11b/g cards  （注：编译成libertas_sdio.ko）
    
     2.编译内核，确保支持sd卡
        Device Drivers  ---
           <*> MMC/SD/SDIO card support  --->
             --- MMC/SD/SDIO card support                                    
             [*]   MMC debugging                                             
             [ ]   Allow unsafe resume (DANGEROUS)                           
             [*]   MMC embedded SDIO device support (EXPERIMENTAL)           
             [ ]   Enable paranoid SD card initialization (EXPERIMENTAL)     
                   *** MMC/SD/SDIO Card Drivers ***                          
             <*>   MMC block device driver                                   
             [*]     Use bounce buffer for simple hosts                      
             [ ]     Deferr MMC layer resume until I/O is requested          
             < >   SDIO UART/GPS class support                              
             < >   MMC host test driver                                       
                   *** MMC/SD/SDIO Host Controller Drivers ***               
             <*>   Secure Digital Host 
       3.make zImage
         make modules
        （libertas_sdio.ko在drivers/net/wireless/libertas目录下）
2、制做测试工具(使用静态编译)
    如今，sd卡支持了，驱动之内核自带的以模块的方式编译获得。
    接下来先编译几个测试工具。
    测试无线网卡用无线工具iwconfig iwlist等命令是经过开源软件wireless_tools_29.rar编译获得。        
    步骤：
    1.解压。因为这的是win32的压缩包，先在windows底下解压，再拷贝到Ubuntu下。
    2.修改Makefile：
           8   PREFIX = ./tools  //指定安装路径                  
           12  CC = arm-linux-gnu-gcc (和编译你的文件系统所用保持一致，须要注意的是，若是在执行sudo make 就要该编译链的绝对路 径)                                                                                                      
           14  AR = arm-linux-gnu-ar  
          
           #BUILD_STATIC = y          -->    BUILD_STATIC = y                                       
           #BUILD_STRIPPING = y       -->    BUILD_STRIPPING = y  
          
 
           CFLAGS=-Os -W -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wshadow \         
                 -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -Winline -I.
           在这后面添加新行：                             
           CFLAGS += -static
          
    3.make
    4.make install
      因为我是在当前目录下（PREFIX = ./tools） 产生的这个tools文件夹，
      查看有：
      lib sbin usr
      lib目录，libiw.a静态库 ；而sbin目录为一些网络工具，如：iwlist、iwconfig等
      到里面的sbin目录底下，
      $file iwlist  输出信息：iwlist: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1, statically linked, for GNU/Linux 2.4.3, strippe
      确保是静态的。
     
      而后将这些命令复制到android文件系统的/system/busybox/bin(就是out/target/prodruct/fs100/system/busybox/bin)
      或者system/bin(就是out/target/prodruct/fs100/system/bin)目录下就可使用这些命令了。 
 
 3、将固件放到指定目录下。
     1.mkdir /system/etc/firmware(就是out/target/prodruct/fs100/system/etc/firmware)
     2.cp sd8686.bin sd8686_helper.bin  out/target/prodruct/fs100/system/etc/firmware
 
 4、测试，sdio卡是否可用。
     若是已经编译好了文件系统，就能够跳过第一步。
     1.编译android系统。
               1)在文件系统根目录下执行：
               liyulei@liyulei:~/anrdoid/fs/android_system$ . ./build/envsetup.sh
             注意这里两个’.’  之间有一个空格，第一个’.’指定用当前 shell 解析这个脚本，不然不能执行。
            2)配置板级信息：
            liyulei@liyulei:~/anrdoid/fs/android_system$ tapas
            就是上一步执行结束以后导出到环境变量里的命令，专门用来配置板级信息的。
             Build for the simulator or the device?
                    1. Device
                   2. Simulator
            Which would you like? [1] 1
            Build type choices are:
                   1. release
                   2. debug
            Which would you like? [1] 1
            Which product would you like? [fs100] fs100
            Variant choices are:
                   1. user
                   2. userdebug
                   3. eng
            Which would you like? [eng] eng
           
            确保输出的配置信息为：
            PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=REL
            PLATFORM_VERSION=2.1-update1 
            TARGET_PRODUCT=fs_s5pc100    
            TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng     
            TARGET_SIMULATOR=false       
            TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release    
            TARGET_ARCH=arm              
            HOST_ARCH=x86                
            HOST_OS=linux                
            HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release      
            BUILD_ID= ERE27              
           
            3)开始编译（若是不能找到 mm，执行”source build/envsetup.sh”）：
            liyulei@liyulei:~/anrdoid/fs/android_system$ mm
   
   2.从新生成文件系统镜像。
     liyulei@liyulei:~/anrdoid/fs/android_system$ ./make_fs100_yaffs2_image.sh
     就会在 Android 源码根目录下生成目录“fs100_root”，这个目录就是编译生成的 Android 文件系统， 
     调试时能够直接把这个目录做为 NFS-Server 的目录。还会生成一个“fs100_root.img”文件，这个文件就
     是 Android的 yaffs2 格式的镜像，能够烧写到 Nand Flash 上。
       这里我是烧写上fs100_root.img.
    
     3.手动加载驱动。
       因为sdio8686。须要加载两个.ko（libertas.ko、libertas_sdio.ko） 文件。
       上面linertas.ko的模块，我已经编进内核。
       因此我只需执行：
       1)/# insmod libertas_sdio.ko  
       输出信息：
       libertas_sdio: Libertas SDIO driver                                
     libertas_sdio: Copyright Pierre Ossman                             
     __func__ = if_sdio_prog_helper                                     
     libertas_sdio mmc1:0001:1: firmware: requesting sd8686_helper.bin  
     init: untracked pid 2137 exited                                    
     libertas_sdio mmc1:0001:1: firmware: requesting sd8686.bin         
     init: untracked pid 2140 exited                                    
     libertas: 00:0b:6c:91:a3:f6, fw 9.70.3p24, cap 0x00000303          
     libertas: unidentified region code; using the default (USA)        
     wlan0 (libertas_sdio): not using net_device_ops yet                
     libertas: PREP_CMD: command 0x00a3 failed: 2                       
     libertas: PREP_CMD: command 0x00a3 failed: 2                       
     libertas: wlan0: Marvell WLAN 802.11 adapter                       
    2)/# ifconfig -a 
       (要是提示：-a: No such device，则输入命令：system/busybox/sbin/ifconfig -a)   
    查看是否检测到无线网卡                          
           有以下信息说明检测到无线网卡                                   
             wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0B:6C:91:A3:F6      
                       BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1            
                       RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 
                       TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
                       collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000                       
                       RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)             
    3)测试： 
         /#ifconfig wlan0 up                                                                                                          
        /#iwlist wlan0 scanning                                                                                                         
        /#iwconfig wlan0 essid "fs100"                                                                                                  
        /#ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.99 netmask 255.255.255.0 up (静态分配ip，
         也能够动态分配，用DHCP)
         /#route add default gw 192.168.1.1(无线路由)
         /#ping 192.168.1.1           
    4)可以ping通后，说明sdio8686 wifi网卡没有问题
   
5、测试wpa_supplicant。
  由于如今的无线wifi网络大可能是wpa加密。 因此须要用到wpa_supplicant。
    android系统中也自带有wpa_supplicant。
    wifi的大体架构是这样的，app-->java framework-->|jni|-->c++ framework -->wifi.c -->wpa_supplicant-->sdio8686.
    因此咱们要先测试低层先通了，所以，就得先测试确保wpa_supplicant和sdio8686通了的。
    咱们编译android系统时，就已经把自带的wpa_supplicant和wpa_cli编译好并放到system/bin目录下了.
    1.配置wpa_supplicant。
    在 liyulei@liyulei:~/anrdoid/fs/android_system/external/wpa_supplicant/在目录下有个wpa_supplicant.conf。     将wpa_supplicant.conf放到out/target/product/fs100/system/etc 目录下。若是是烧到板子上的话，须要重烧板子。     要是以网络挂载的方式，则放到相应的目录。     #vim /rootfs/filesystem/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf                                                                             修改内容以下：                                                                                                              # WPA-PSK/TKIP                                                                                                               ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant                                                                                       network={                                                                      ssid="fs100"     //填写无线网络的的用户名                       key_mgmt=WPA-PSK                                                proto=WPA                                                      pairwise=TKIP                                                  group=TKIP                                                     psk="1234567890" //填写密码                    }                                                                 2.#mkdir –p /var/run/wpa_supplicant     3.确认是否加载驱动。      用ifconfig -a查看是否已经建立wlan0这个节点。       没有就把驱动加载进内核。     4.建立链接暗文密码(PSK密码)，经过明码转换                                                                           #cd /etc （该目录下要有 wpa_supplicant.conf）                                                                                                         #wpa_passphrase fs100 1234567890 >> wpa_supplicant.conf                                                          此时将在wpa_supplicant.conf文件中生成：                                                                           network={                                                                                                               ssid="fs100"                                                                                                     #psk="1234567890" //此物为路由器中设定的人类能读得懂的密码，供咱们使用                                            psk=d290464a66df8541cee4f100627446177ee7ce5d9eb36981e4dff412730b2d5a //这个又1234567890转换后的psk密码       }                                                                                                                  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<----        ---->遇到问题：在测试过程当中要用到wpa_passphrase这个命令程序。可是android并没提供wpa_passphrase       <----        ---->这命令，我只经过wpa_supplicant-0.7.3这个源码包编译出这个命令。可是这个命令在开发板上执行        <----        ---->不了（编译链不对）。我又找到android源码中有wpa_passphrase.c，而编译出来的路径下经过find         <----        ---->命令去找这个wpa_passphrase又找不到。                                                            <----        ---->解决办法：同过度析wpa_passphrase.c才发现，里面就短短的一个mian函数。有个提示                    <----        ---->usage: wpa_passphrase <ssid> [passphrase]\n""\nIf passphrase is left out, it will be read from "<----      ---->"stdin\n                                                                                        <----        ---->如今不用我说都知道了吧！因此这个在哪运行均可以，这命令就是为了经过ssid和passphrase获得暗文。    <----        ---->因此我在Ubuntu底下直接执行：wpa_passphrase fs100 1234567890                                     <----        ---->一样输出信息：network= {                                                                         <----                                     ---->                          ssid="fs100"                                                          <----                                     ---->                          #psk="1234567890"                                                     <----        ---->                          psk=d290464a66df8541cee4f100627446177ee7ce5d9eb36981e4dff412730b2d5a  <----        ---->                    }                                                                           <----                                     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<-----       5.而后修改wpa_supplicant.conf配置文件，把 psk="1234567890" 这一行明文密码改为生成的暗文密码，即：                psk=d290464a66df8541cee4f100627446177ee7ce5d9eb36981e4dff412730b2d5a                                                                                                                                其它生成的多余信息删除，最后wpa_supplicant.conf文件以下：                                             # WPA-PSK/TKIP                                                                                                                                                                                       ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant                                                                                                                                                               network={                                                                                                        ssid="FS2410"     //填写无线网络的的用户名                                                            key_mgmt=WPA-PSK                                                                                      proto=WPA                                                                                             pairwise=TKIP                                                                                         group=TKIP                                                                                           psk=d290464a66df8541cee4f100627446177ee7ce5d9eb36981e4dff412730b2d5a                       }             6.连接AP：              在开发板终端输入wpa_supplicant回车，会显示帮助信息，最后有个:                                      example:                                                                                                 wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf                                     拷贝example用法，执行：                                                                            # wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf &(须要一直放在后台运行)                 打印信息有：                                                                                       Trying to associate with 00:26:f2:0d:5a:c4 (SSID='fs100' freq=2412 MHz)                           Associated with 00:23:68:28:4e:a8                                                                  CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=00:23:68:28:4e:a8 reason=0                                           Associated with 00:26:f2:0d:5a:c4                                                                  WPA: Key negotiation completed with 00:26:f2:0d:5a:c4 [PTK=TKIP GTK=TKIP]                          CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 00:26:f2:0d:5a:c4 completed (auth) [id=0 id_str=]                                                                                                          分配IP地址：                                                                                       #ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.5  //也能够动态分配 dhclient wlan0                                       再ping下网关，是否链接成功：                                                                       #ping 192.168.1.1                                                                                                                                                                               3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss                                          round-trip min/avg/max = 17.627/20.023/24.631 ms                                                   ……                                                                                                                                                                                            无线网卡链接成功!