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《JUnit5学习》系列旨在经过实战提高SpringBoot环境下的单元测试技能,一共八篇文章,连接以下:程序员
本文是《JUnit5学习》系列的第一篇,经过实战学习在SpringBoot框架下JUnit5的基本功能,全篇章节以下:github
2. 从上图可见,整个JUnit5能够划分红三层:顶层框架(Framework)、中间的引擎(Engine),底层的平台(Platform);
3. 官方定义JUnit5由三部分组成:Platform、Jupiter、Vintage,功能以下;
4. Platform:位于架构的最底层,是JVM上执行单元测试的基础平台,还对接了各类IDE(例如IDEA、eclipse),而且还与引擎层对接,定义了引擎层对接的API;
5. Jupiter:位于引擎层,支持5版本的编程模型、扩展模型;
6. Vintage:位于引擎层,用于执行低版本的测试用例;web
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class XXXTest {
3. 我们再来看看SpringBootTest注解,以下图,可见已经包含了ExtendWith:spring
4. 综上所述,SpringBoot+JUnit5时,RunWith注解已经不须要了,正常状况下仅SpringBootTest注解便可,若是对扩展性有更多需求,能够添加ExtendWith注解,以下图:数据库
注意,接下来提到的测试方法,是指当前class中全部被@Test、@RepeatedTest、@ParameterizedTest、@TestFactory修饰的方法;apache
如下的注解都是在5以前的版本使用的,如今已经被废弃:编程
被废弃的注解 | 新的继任者 |
---|---|
Before | BeforeEach |
After | AfterEach |
BeforeClass | BeforeAll |
AfterClass | AfterAll |
Category | Tag |
RunWith | ExtendWith |
Rule | ExtendWith |
ClassRule | RegisterExtension |
整个系列的编码和执行在如下环境进行,供您参考:api
为了简化代码,项目中使用了lombok,请您在IDEA中安装lombok插件;
名称 | 连接 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
项目主页 | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos | 该项目在GitHub上的主页 |
git仓库地址(https) | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git | 该项目源码的仓库地址,https协议 |
git仓库地址(ssh) | git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git | 该项目源码的仓库地址,ssh协议 |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <modules> <module>simplebean</module> <!-- <module>testenvironment</module> --> </modules> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> <artifactId>junitpractice</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.16</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> </project>
接下来我们准备一个简单的SpringBoot工程用于作单元测试,该工程有service和controller层,包含一些简单的接口和类;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> <artifactId>junitpractice</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath> </parent> <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> <artifactId>junit5experience</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>junit5experience</name> <description>Demo project for simplebean in Spring Boot junit5</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
package com.bolingcavalry.junit5experience.service; public interface HelloService { String hello(String name); int increase(int value); /** * 该方法会等待1秒后返回true,这是在模拟一个耗时的远程调用 * @return */ boolean remoteRequest(); }
package com.bolingcavalry.junit5experience.service.impl; import com.bolingcavalry.junit5experience.service.HelloService; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service() public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService { @Override public String hello(String name) { return "Hello " + name; } @Override public int increase(int value) { return value + 1; } @Override public boolean remoteRequest() { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException interruptedException) { interruptedException.printStackTrace(); } return true; } }
package com.bolingcavalry.junit5experience.controller; import com.bolingcavalry.junit5experience.service.HelloService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class HelloController { @Autowired private HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping(value = "/{name}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String hello(@PathVariable String name){ return helloService.hello(name); } }
package com.bolingcavalry.junit5experience; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class Junit5ExperienceApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Junit5ExperienceApplication.class, args); } }
2. 测试类的内容以下,涵盖了刚才提到的经常使用注解,请注意每一个方法的注释说明:
package com.bolingcavalry.junit5experience.service.impl; import com.bolingcavalry.junit5experience.service.HelloService; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.jupiter.api.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; @SpringBootTest @Slf4j class HelloServiceImplTest { private static final String NAME = "Tom"; @Autowired HelloService helloService; /** * 在全部测试方法执行前被执行 */ @BeforeAll static void beforeAll() { log.info("execute beforeAll"); } /** * 在全部测试方法执行后被执行 */ @AfterAll static void afterAll() { log.info("execute afterAll"); } /** * 每一个测试方法执行前都会执行一次 */ @BeforeEach void beforeEach() { log.info("execute beforeEach"); } /** * 每一个测试方法执行后都会执行一次 */ @AfterEach void afterEach() { log.info("execute afterEach"); } @Test @DisplayName("测试service层的hello方法") void hello() { log.info("execute hello"); assertThat(helloService.hello(NAME)).isEqualTo("Hello " + NAME); } /** * DisplayName中带有emoji,在测试框架中可以展现 */ @Test @DisplayName("测试service层的increase方法\uD83D\uDE31") void increase() { log.info("execute increase"); assertThat(helloService.increase(1)).isEqualByComparingTo(2); } /** * 不会被执行的测试方法 */ @Test @Disabled void neverExecute() { log.info("execute neverExecute"); } /** * 调用一个耗时1秒的方法,用Timeout设置超时时间是500毫秒, * 所以该用例会测试失败 */ @Test @Timeout(unit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, value = 500) @Disabled void remoteRequest() { assertThat(helloService.remoteRequest()).isEqualTo(true); } }
4. 以下图,在弹出的菜单中,点击红框位置:
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