【第一部分】历史文章:
SpringBoot总结(一)——第一个SpringBoot项目
SpringBoot总结(二)——Spring Boot的自动配置
SpringBoot总结(三)——SpringBoot的配置文件
SpringBoot总结(四)——@Value和@ConfigurationProperties的区别
SpringBoot总结(五)——@PropertySource注解与@ImportResource注解
SpringBoot总结(六)——SpringBoot配置文件占位符
SpringBoot总结(七)——Profile的使用
SpringBoot总结(八)——配置文件的加载位置
SpringBoot总结(九)——@Conditional注解与自动配置报告
SpringBoot总结(十)——SpringBoot+Mybatis实现数据库的CRUD(从建立到实现【超详细附代码】)
SpringBoot总结(十一)——SpringBoot的静态资源映射规则
SpringBoot总结(十二)——登陆界面的实现
SpringBoot总结(十三)——修改嵌入式Servlet容器配置
SpringBoot总结(十四)——SpringBoot整合JDBCTemplate及Druid链接池java
本篇文章主要介绍了RESTful的一些知识点,以及基于RESTful风格的CRUD的例子,和基于SpringBoot为手机APP、PC、构建统一风格的Restful API。git
REST
是软件架构的规范体系结构,它将资源的状态以适合客户端的形式从服务器端发送到客户端(或者相反的方向)。在REST中,经过URL进行资源定位,用HTTP动做(GET、POST、DELETE、PUT等)描述操做完成功能。github
遵循RESTful风格,可使得开发的接口通用,以便调用者理解接口的做用。所以,基于REST构建的API就是RESTful(REST风格)API。
各大机构提供的API基本都是RESTful风格的。这样能够统一规范,减小沟通,学习和开发的成本。web
RESTful风格使用同一个URL,经过约定不一样的HTTP方法来实施不一样的业务。
下面是普通网页的CRUD和RESTful风格的CRUD的区别:spring
动做 | 普通CRUD的URL | 普通CRUD的HTTP方法 | ReSTful的URL | RESTful的CRUD的HTTP方法 |
---|---|---|---|---|
查询 | Article/id=1 | GET | Article/{id} | GET |
添加 | Article?title=xxx&body=xxx | GET/POST | Article | POST |
修改 | Article/update?id=xxx | GET | Article/{id} | PUT或者PATCH |
删除 | Article/delete?id=xxx | GET | Article/{id} | DELETE |
下面是基于RESTful风格的CRUD的例子,而且定义了统一的数据返回格式。
操做数据库的方式采用了SpringBoot
与SpringDataJPA
整合的方式;具体这里将再也不详细介绍,下面附上一些主要的代码。数据库
ArticleController.javaapi
package com.example.controller; import com.example.entity.Article; import com.example.repository.ArticleRepository; import com.example.result.ExceptionMsg; import com.example.result.Response; import com.example.result.ResponseData; import io.github.yedaxia.apidocs.ApiDoc; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * 文章接口类 */ @RequestMapping("/article") @RestController public class ArticleController { protected Response result(ExceptionMsg msg){ return new Response(msg); } protected Response result(){ return new Response(); } @Autowired private ArticleRepository articleRepository; /** * 查询全部文章 * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ResponseData getArticleList() { List<Article> list = new ArrayList<Article>(articleRepository.findAll()); return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,list); } /** * 增长文章信息 * @param article 文章对象 * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.POST) public ResponseData add(@RequestBody Article article) { articleRepository.save(article); return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,article); } /** * 删除文章信息 * @param id 文章id * @return Response */ @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE) public Response delete(@PathVariable("id") int id) { articleRepository.deleteById(id); return result(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS); } /** * 修改文章信息 * @param model 文章对象 * @return ResponseData */ @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT) public ResponseData update(@RequestBody Article model) { articleRepository.save(model); return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,model); } /** * 根据文章id 查询文章信息 * @param id * @return ResponseData * @throws IOException */ @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ResponseData findArticle(@PathVariable("id") int id) throws IOException { Article article = articleRepository.findById(id); if (article != null) { return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.SUCCESS,article); } return new ResponseData(ExceptionMsg.FAILED,article); } }
启动项目,进行以下的测试。服务器
package com.example.result; //实现响应的枚举类 public enum ExceptionMsg { SUCCESS("200", "操做成功"), FAILED("999999","操做失败"), ParamError("000001", "参数错误!"), FileEmpty("000400","上传文件为空"), LimitPictureSize("000401","图片大小必须小于2M"), LimitPictureType("000402","图片格式必须为'jpg'、'png'、'jpge'、'gif'、'bmp'") ; private ExceptionMsg(String code, String msg) { this.code = code; this.msg = msg; } private String code; private String msg; public String getCode() { return code; } public String getMsg() { return msg; } }
package com.example.result; /** * @author 2017810402084 * 实现返回对象实体 */ public class Response { /** 返回信息码*/ private String rspCode="000000"; /** 返回信息内容*/ private String rspMsg="操做成功"; public Response() { } public Response(ExceptionMsg msg){ this.rspCode=msg.getCode(); this.rspMsg=msg.getMsg(); } public Response(String rspCode) { this.rspCode = rspCode; this.rspMsg = ""; } public Response(String rspCode, String rspMsg) { this.rspCode = rspCode; this.rspMsg = rspMsg; } public String getRspCode() { return rspCode; } public void setRspCode(String rspCode) { this.rspCode = rspCode; } public String getRspMsg() { return rspMsg; } public void setRspMsg(String rspMsg) { this.rspMsg = rspMsg; } @Override public String toString() { return "Response{" + "rspCode='" + rspCode + '\'' + ", rspMsg='" + rspMsg + '\'' + '}'; } }
package com.example.result; import com.example.exception.BusinessException; /** * @author 2017810402084 * 返回结果数据格式封装 */ public class ResponseData extends Response { private Object data; public ResponseData() { } public ResponseData(Object data) { this.data = data; } public ResponseData(ExceptionMsg msg) { super(msg); } public ResponseData(String rspCode, String rspMsg) { super(rspCode, rspMsg); } public ResponseData(String rspCode, String rspMsg, Object data) { super(rspCode, rspMsg); this.data = data; } public ResponseData(ExceptionMsg msg, Object data) { super(msg); this.data = data; } public Object getData() { return data; } public void setData(Object data) { this.data = data; } /** * 自定义异常的返回结果 * @param de * @return */ public static ResponseData defineBusinessException(BusinessException de) { ResponseData responseData = new ResponseData(); responseData.setRspCode(de.getCode()); responseData.setRspMsg(de.getMsg()); responseData.setData(null); return responseData; } }
package com.example.exception; import com.example.result.ResponseData; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice; /** * @author 2017810402084 * 定义全局异常处理类:来处理各类的异常,包括本身定义的异常和内部的异常 */ @RestControllerAdvice public class GlobalExceptionHandler { /** * (1)处理自定义异常BusinessException */ @ExceptionHandler(value = BusinessException.class) @ResponseBody public ResponseData bizBusinessException(BusinessException e) { return ResponseData.defineBusinessException(e); } /** * (2)处理其余的异常 */ @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class) @ResponseBody public ResponseData exceptionHandler(Exception e) { return new ResponseData(e); } }
package com.example.exception; /** * @author 2017810402084 * 建立自定义异常处理类:BusinessException.java */ public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException{ private String code; private String msg; public BusinessException(String code, String msg) { this.msg = msg; this.code = code; } public String getCode() { return code; } public void setCode(String code) { this.code = code; } public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } }
package com.example.controller; import com.example.exception.BusinessException; import com.example.exception.UserNameNotMatchPasswordException; import com.example.result.ResponseData; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * * 统一异常测试类 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/test") public class TestController { /** * 自定义异常测试 * @return */ @RequestMapping("/BusinessException") public ResponseData DeException() { throw new BusinessException("40000000", "出错了!"); } /** * 处理其余的异常 * @return */ @RequestMapping("/getException") public ResponseData Exception() { ResponseData responseData = new ResponseData(); responseData.setRspCode("400"); responseData.setRspMsg("出错"); return responseData; } }
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