14.2 NFS服务端安装配置

时间 2019-11-11

标签 14.2 nfs 服务安装配置栏目 Linux 繁體版

原文原文链接

NFS服务端安装配置目录概要

yum install -y nfs-utils rpcbind
vim /etc/exports //加入以下内容

/home/nfstestdir 192.168.133.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000)

保存配置文件后，执行以下准备操做
mkdir /home/nfstestdir
chmod 777 /home/nfstestdir
systemctl start rpcbind
systemctl start nfs
systemctl enable rpcbind
systemctl enable nfs

NFS服务端安装配置

首先准备两台机器，我这里准备两台虚拟机，A机器IP分别为192.168.202.130，B机器IP为192.168.202.131

A机器，查看IP

[root@hanfeng ~]# ifconfig
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.202.130  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.202.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feff:458f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:ff:45:8f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 684  bytes 68341 (66.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 226  bytes 26200 (25.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eno16777736:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.202.150  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.202.255
        ether 00:0c:29:ff:45:8f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 8  bytes 536 (536.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 8  bytes 536 (536.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@hanfeng ~]#

B机器，查看IP

[root@hf-01 ~]# ifconfig
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.202.131  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.202.255
        inet6 fe80::baa:c015:db72:1d5c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:b6:4d:41  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 63  bytes 7905 (7.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 79  bytes 11615 (11.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 68  bytes 5524 (5.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 68  bytes 5524 (5.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@hf-01 ~]#

将A机器做为服务端，并安装两个包，分别为 nfs-utils 和 rpcbind

yum install -y nfs-utils rpcbind

[root@hanfeng ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils rpcbind

将B机器做为客户端，安装 nfs-utils 包

每次刚开机运行yum的时候都会很慢，由于须要从新生成一个缓存文件
有时yum安装的时候很慢，咱们能够先禁掉，进入到/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下，将目录下的epel.repo文件改个名字，从新安装便可
yum install -y nfs-utils

[root@hf-01 ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils

在安装完成后，须要去A机器中 /etc/exports 编辑配置文件

vim /etc/exports //加入以下内容

[root@hanfeng ~]# vim /etc/exports

/home/nfstestdir     
要分享出去的目录是哪个目录，这个目录是不存在的，后期还须要建立的
192.168.202.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000)
指定你要给哪一个机器去分享这个目录，首先定义IP或IP段

保存退出

下面就能够启动服务了，启动服务前须要先建立目录，并设置权限
在A机器上建立分享的目录

[root@hanfeng ~]# mkdir /home/nfstestdir
[root@hanfeng ~]#

并设置成777的权限，这里设置777权限是为了方便接下里的实验

[root@hanfeng ~]# chmod 777 /home/nfstestdir
[root@hanfeng ~]#

启动 rpcbind ，再启动前查看A机器上监听的端口，就会看到启动了1/systemd，这是centos7系统的一个特性——>111端口是rpcbind服务监听的

用ps能够查看服务已经启动，由于有这个服务，因此监听了111端口

[root@hanfeng ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2172/master         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1115/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      2172/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      2264/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1115/sshd           
[root@hanfeng ~]# ps aux |grep rpc
rpc       2393  0.0  0.1  64964  1044 ?        Ss   15:40   0:00 /sbin/rpcbind -w
root      2537  0.0  0.0 112680   972 pts/0    R+   16:17   0:00 grep --color=auto rpc

再到B机器上查看下端口，会看到也启动了rpcbind

[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2393/rpcbind        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1334/sshd           
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2146/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      2029/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      2393/rpcbind        
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1334/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      2146/master         
[root@hf-01 ~]# ps aux |grep rpc
root     16644  0.0  0.0 112656   992 pts/2    R+   04:46   0:00 grep --color=auto rpc
[root@hf-01 ~]#

在A机器启动了rpcbind，下面就能够启动nfs服务，在使用ps查看

systemctl start rpcbind

[root@hanfeng ~]# systemctl start nfs 
[root@hanfeng ~]# ps aux |grep nfs
root      4560  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   04:52   0:00 [nfsd4]
root      4561  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   04:52   0:00 [nfsd4_callbacks]
root      4565  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:52   0:00 [nfsd]
root      4566  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:52   0:00 [nfsd]
root      4567  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:52   0:00 [nfsd]
root      4568  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:52   0:00 [nfsd]
root      4569  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:52   0:00 [nfsd]
root      4570  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:52   0:00 [nfsd]
root      4571  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:52   0:00 [nfsd]
root      4572  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    04:52   0:00 [nfsd]
root      4576  0.0  0.0 112676   984 pts/0    R+   04:52   0:00 grep --color=auto nfs
[root@hanfeng ~]#

同时也能够在A机器上ps aux |grep rpc查询，在启动nfs服务的时候，它会自动帮你启动rpc相关的一些服务

[root@hanfeng ~]# ps aux |grep rpc
rpc       2957  0.0  0.1  64908  1416 ?        Ss   03:05   0:00 /sbin/rpcbind -w
rpcuser   4530  0.0  0.1  42380  1744 ?        Ss   04:52   0:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.statd
root      4531  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   04:52   0:00 [rpciod]
root      4539  0.0  0.0  19324   652 ?        Ss   04:52   0:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.idmapd
root      4550  0.0  0.0  42556   948 ?        Ss   04:52   0:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.mountd
root      4602  0.0  0.0 112676   984 pts/0    R+   05:00   0:00 grep --color=auto rpc
[root@hanfeng ~]#

而在客户端B机器上是没有的这些服务的

[root@hf-01 ~]# ps aux |grep rpc
root     16644  0.0  0.0 112656   992 pts/2    R+   04:46   0:00 grep --color=auto rpc
[root@hf-01 ~]#

若是想让nfs开机启动，还须要执行systemctl enable nfs 命令，在服务端A机器上调用

systemctl enable nfs 开机启动nfs
systemctl disable nfs 关闭开机启动

[root@hanfeng ~]# systemctl enable nfs
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.
[root@hanfeng ~]#