ES12-词项查询

时间  2019-12-19
标签 es12 查询 繁體版
原文   原文链接

1.词项查询介绍

全文查询将在执行以前分析查询字符串，但词项级别查询将按照存储在倒排索引中的词项进行精确操做。这些查询一般用于数字，日期和枚举等结构化数据，而不是全文本字段。 或者，它们容许您制做低级查询，并在分析过程以前进行。正则表达式

2.term查询

term查询用于词项搜索，前一章已经介绍过这里再也不重复。数组

3.terms查询

term查询对于查找单个值很是有用，但一般咱们可能想搜索多个值。咱们只要用单个 terms 查询（注意末尾的 s ）， terms 查询比如是 term 查询的复数形式（以英语名词的单复数作比）。性能

以下查询”title“中包含”河北“，”长生“，”碧桂园“三个词组。url

GET telegraph/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "title": ["河北","长生","碧桂园"]
    }
  }
}
{
  "took": 7,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "A5etp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "碧桂园集团副主席杨惠妍",
          "content": "杨惠妍分别于7月10日、11日买入碧桂园1000万股、1500万股",
          "author": "小财注",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T16:12:55"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "Apetp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "长生生物再次跌停 三机构抛售近1000万元",
          "content": "长生生物再次一字跌停，报收19.89元，成交1432万元",
          "author": "长生生物",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T10:03:11"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "BJetp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "河北聚焦十大行业推动国际产能合做",
          "content": "河北省政府近日出台积极参与“一带一路”建设推动国际产能合做实施方案",
          "author": "财联社",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T14:14:55"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

4. terms_set查询

查找与一个或多个指定词项匹配的文档，其中必须匹配的术语数量取决于指定的最小值，应匹配字段或脚本。spa

5.range查询

range查询用于匹配数值型、日期型或字符串型字段在某一范围内的文档。code

日期类型范围查询

上面例子查询发布时间“pubdate”在“2018-07-17T12:00:00”和“2018-07-17T16:30:00”之间的文档数据。regexp

GET telegraph/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "pubdate": {
        "gte": "2018-07-17T12:00:00",
        "lte": "2018-07-17T16:30:00"
      }
    }
  }
}

查询结果orm

{
  "took": 6,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "AZetp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "周五召开董事会会议 审议及批准更新后的一季报",
          "content": "以审议及批准更新后的2018年第一季度报告",
          "author": "中兴通信",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T12:33:11"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "A5etp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "碧桂园集团副主席杨惠妍",
          "content": "杨惠妍分别于7月10日、11日买入碧桂园1000万股、1500万股",
          "author": "小财注",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T16:12:55"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "BJetp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "河北聚焦十大行业推动国际产能合做",
          "content": "河北省政府近日出台积极参与“一带一路”建设推动国际产能合做实施方案",
          "author": "财联社",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T14:14:55"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

数值类型范围查询

新建索引添加数据索引

DELETE my_person

PUT my_person

PUT my_person/stu/1
{
  "name":"sean",
  "age":20
}

PUT my_person/stu/2
{
  "name":"sum",
  "age":25
}

PUT  my_person/stu/3
{
  "name":"dean",
  "age":30
}

PUT my_person/stu/4
{
  "name":"kastel",
  "age":35
}

查询“age”范围在20到30之间的人员ip

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "gte": 20,
        "lte": 30
      }
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "took": 6,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "age": 25
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sean",
          "age": 20
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "dean",
          "age": 30
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

6.exists查询

查询文档中的字段至少包含一个非空值。

建立索引添加数据

DELETE my_person

PUT my_person

PUT my_person/stu/1
{
  "name":"sean",
  "hobby":"running"
}

PUT my_person/stu/2
{
  "name":"Jhon",
  "hobby":""
}

PUT my_person/stu/3
{
  "name":"sum",
  "hobby":["swimming",null]
}

PUT my_person/stu/4
{
  "name":"lily",
  "hobby":[null,null]
}

PUT my_person/stu/5
{
  "name":"lucy"
}

查询“hobby”不为空的文档

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "exists":{
      "field":"hobby"
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "took": 12,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "Jhon",
          "hobby": ""
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sean",
          "hobby": "running"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "hobby": [
            "swimming",
            null
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

匹配说明：

  • "hobby":"running"------值不为空（能够匹配）
  • "hobby":""------值为空字符串，不是空值（能够匹配）
  • "hobby":["swimming",null]------数组中有非空值（能够匹配）
  • "hobby":[null,null]------数组中值都为null（不能够匹配）
  • "name":"lucy"------没有hobby字段（不能够匹配）

7.prefix查询

查询以匹配字符串开头的文档,以下查询”hobby“中以”sw“开头的文档

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "prefix": {
      "hobby": {
        "value": "sw"
      }
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "took": 11,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "6",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "deak",
          "hobby": "swimming"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "hobby": [
            "swimming",
            null
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

8.wildcard查询

通配符查询,以下查询hobby匹配”*ing“的文档

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "wildcard": {
      "hobby": {
        "value": "*ing"
      }
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "took": 27,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "6",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "deak",
          "hobby": "swimming"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sean",
          "hobby": "running"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "hobby": [
            "swimming",
            null
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

9.regexp查询

正则表达式查询的性能很大程度上取决于所选的正则表达式。 相似.*的匹配任何内容的正则表达式很是缓慢，而且使用了lookaround正则表达式。 若是能够的话，请尝试在正则表达式开始以前使用长前缀。 像.*?+这样的通配符匹配器大多会下降性能。大多数正则表达式引擎容许您匹配字符串的任何部分。 若是你想让正则表达式模式从字符串的开头开始，或者在字符串的末尾完成，那么你必须明确地定位它，使用^表示开始或$表示结束。

元字符 语义 说明 例子
. Match any character The period “.” can be used to represent any character
匹配任何一个字符		 ab.匹配abc、ab1
+ One-or-more The plus sign “+” can be used to repeat the preceding shortest pattern once or more times.
加号“+”能够用来重复上一个最短的模式一次或屡次。		 “aaabbb”匹配a+b+
* Zero-or-more The asterisk “*” can be used to match the preceding shortest pattern zero-or-more times. “aaabbb”匹配a*b*
? Zero-or-one The question mark “?” makes the preceding shortest pattern optional. It matches zero or one times. “aaabbb”匹配aaa?bbbb?
{m},{m,n} Min-to-max Curly brackets “{}” can be used to specify a minimum and (optionally) a maximum number of times the preceding shortest pattern can repeat. “aaabbb”匹配a{3}b{3}和a{2,4}b{2,4}
() Grouping Parentheses “()” can be used to form sub-patterns. “ababab”匹配(ab)+
| Alternation The pipe symbol “|” acts as an OR operator. “aabb”匹配aabb|bbaa
[] Character classes Ranges of potential characters may be represented as character classes by enclosing them in square brackets “[]”. A leading ^ negates the character class. [abc]匹配 ‘a’ or ‘b’ or ‘c’
~ Complement The shortest pattern that follows a tilde “~” is negated（否认）.“ab~cd”的意思是：以a开头，后跟b，后面跟一个任意长度的字符串，但不是c，以d结尾 “abcdef”匹配ab~df或a~(cb)def，不匹配ab~cdef和a~(bc)def
<> Interval间隔 The interval option enables the use of numeric ranges, enclosed by angle brackets “<>”. “foo80”匹配foo<1-100>
& Intersection The ampersand “&” joins two patterns in a way that both of them have to match. “aaabbb”匹配aaa.+&.+bbb
@ Any string The at sign “@” matches any string in its entirety. @&~(foo.+)匹配除了以“foo”开头的字符串 “foo”

查询”hobby“字段值与”sw.+“正则匹配的文档

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "regexp":{
      "hobby":"sw.+"
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "took": 5,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "6",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "deak",
          "hobby": "swimming"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "hobby": [
            "swimming",
            null
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

10.fuzzy查询

模糊查询

GET telegraph/_search
{
  "query": {
    "fuzzy": {
      "title": "十大"
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "took": 4,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.99277425,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "telegraph",
        "_type": "msg",
        "_id": "BJetp2QBW8hrYY3zGJk7",
        "_score": 0.99277425,
        "_source": {
          "title": "河北聚焦十大行业推动国际产能合做",
          "content": "河北省政府近日出台积极参与“一带一路”建设推动国际产能合做实施方案",
          "author": "财联社",
          "pubdate": "2018-07-17T14:14:55"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

11.ids查询

根据跟定的文档id列表查询文档。

GET my_person/_search
{
  "query": {
    "ids": {
      "values": ["1","3","5"]
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "took": 4,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "5",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "lucy"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sean",
          "hobby": "running"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_person",
        "_type": "stu",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "sum",
          "hobby": [
            "swimming",
            null
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
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