Ubuntu下安装Naginx, PHP5(及PHP-FPM)，MySQL

时间 2019-11-11

标签 ubuntu 安装 naginx php5 php fpm mysql 栏目 Ubuntu 繁體版

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环境：ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS nginx(发音"engine x")是一个自由，开放源码，高性能的HTTP server。Nginx以稳定性，丰富的功能集,简单的配置，和低资源消耗而出名。本文将向你展现怎么在ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS 上安装Nginx,php5(及php-fpm),mysql。javascript

一：安装前作个简单的说明

我使用的域名为example.com,ip地址是218.198.177.252。你能够视具体状况更改这些设置。在下文中我将使用root权限安装所需软件，因此请先切换到root用户：sudo suphp

二：安装MySQL

apt-get install mysql-server mysql-clientcss

安装过程会提示你为MySQL root 用户提供一个密码----这个密码对 root@localhost可用，同时对root@example.com也可用，所以你须要手动为MySQL root用户指定一个密码： New password for the MySQL "root" user: <-- yourrootsqlpassword Repeat password for the MySQL "root" user: <-- yourrootsqlpasswordhtml

三：安装Nginx

apt-get install nginxjava

1，启动nginx /etc/init.d/nginx startnode

2，打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1,若是看到Welcome to nginx!,则说明安装成功，ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS上nginx默认的网站根目录在 /usr/share/nginx/www。mysql

四：安装PHP5

PHP5能够在nginx上经过PHP-FPM（PHP—FPM（FastCGI Process Manager) 是一个可选的 FastCGI，添加了一些了一些颇有用的特性，特别是对于繁忙的站点）工做。说明：Nginx不支持对外部程序的直接调用或解析，全部的外部程序（包括PHP）必须经过FastCGI接口调用。nginx

apt-get install php5-fpmweb

PHP-FPM是一个守护进程（init脚本文件在/etc/init.d/php5-fpm),它运行了一个FastCGI server,端口是 9000。sql

五：配置 nginx，如下是我本机的配置文件。

1，nginx的配置文件在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf, vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 以下：

<!-- lang: php -->
user www-data;        //指定Nginx Worker 进程运行用户及用户组
<!-- lang: php -->
worker_processes 4;      / /指定Nginx开启的进程数，每一个Nginx进程平均耗费10M-20M内存。
<!-- lang: php -->
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;    //用来指定进程id的存储文件的位置
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
events {                      //用来指定Nginx的工做模式，及链接上限数
<!-- lang: php -->
           use epoll；       
<!-- lang: php -->
           worker_connections 768;
<!-- lang: php -->
           # multi_accept on;
<!-- lang: php -->
}
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
http {
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
        # Basic Settings    //基本的设置
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        sendfile on;
<!-- lang: php -->
        tcp_nopush on;
<!-- lang: php -->
        tcp_nodelay on;
<!-- lang: php -->
        keepalive_timeout 65;
<!-- lang: php -->
        types_hash_max_size 2048;
<!-- lang: php -->
        # server_tokens off;
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
<!-- lang: php -->
        # server_name_in_redirect off;
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
<!-- lang: php -->
        default_type application/octet-stream;
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
        # Logging Settings   //指定日志的存放路径
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
<!-- lang: php -->
        error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
        # Gzip Settings         //开启Gzip 压缩
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        gzip on;
<!-- lang: php -->
        gzip_disable "msie6";
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
         gzip_vary on;
<!-- lang: php -->
         gzip_proxied any;
<!-- lang: php -->
         gzip_comp_level 6;
<!-- lang: php -->
         gzip_buffers 16 8k;
<!-- lang: php -->
         gzip_http_version 1.1;
<!-- lang: php -->
         gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
        # nginx-naxsi config
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
        # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules;
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
        # nginx-passenger config
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
        # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        #passenger_root /usr;
<!-- lang: php -->
        #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby;
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
        # Virtual Host Configs      //虚拟主机的配置
<!-- lang: php -->
        ##
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
<!-- lang: php -->
        include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
 
<!-- lang: php -->
}
<!-- lang: php -->
#mail {
<!-- lang: php -->
#       # See sample authentication script at:
<!-- lang: php -->
#       # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
<!-- lang: php -->
#
<!-- lang: php -->
#       # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
<!-- lang: php -->
#       # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
<!-- lang: php -->
#       # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
<!-- lang: php -->
#
<!-- lang: php -->
#       server {
<!-- lang: php -->
#               listen     localhost:110;
<!-- lang: php -->
#               protocol   pop3;
<!-- lang: php -->
#               proxy      on;
<!-- lang: php -->
#       }
<!-- lang: php -->
#
<!-- lang: php -->
#       server {
<!-- lang: php -->
#               listen     localhost:143;
<!-- lang: php -->
#               protocol   imap;
<!-- lang: php -->
#               proxy      on;
<!-- lang: php -->
#       }
<!-- lang: php -->
#}
<!-- lang: php -->

2，虚拟主机被定义在server{}中，默认文件在/etc/nginx/sites-available/default，vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default。

server { listen 80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6 root /usr/share/nginx/www; index index.php index.html index.htm; # Make site accessible from http://localhost/ server_name _; location / { # First attempt to serve request as file, then # as directory, then fall back to index.html try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; } location /doc { root /usr/share; autoindex on; allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location /images { root /usr/share; autoindex off; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/www; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ .php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # location ~ .php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # location ~ /.ht { deny all; } }

3，保存文件，使配置生效 /etc/init.d/nginx reload

4，在Nginx的默认网站根目录建立一个PHP的测试文件 vim /usr/share/nginx/www/info.php

<? php phpinfo(); ?>

5，打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1/info.php

你能够看见PHP5已经经过FPM/FastCGI工做了，具体可看Server API那行。向下滚动能够看见全部的模块在PHP5中都是可用的，MySQL尚未被列出来，意味着MySQL还没支持PHP5。

六：让MySQL支持PHP5

1，让MySQL支持PHP5，咱们能够安装php5-mysql包。其他的包，咱们能够按需安装所须要的包，用apt-cache search php5列出PHP的包，看下那个是你所须要的。

2，选择一些你所须要的包，象这样安装： apt-get install php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl

3，重启PHP-FPM /etc/init.d/php5-fpm restart

4，打开浏览器，输入http://127.0.0.1/info.php，看下你安装的包是否是已经被支持了。

七：配置PHP-FPM

vim /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf 或在 vim /etc/php5/fpm/conf.d/下作更详细的配置，不懂真人的默认就好了，也不优化了。

八：在/etc/nginx/sites-available/default中新增一个虚拟主机。

个人配置文件：

server { listen 80 ; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied

listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6

root /web/example;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
    server_name 218.198.177.252 example.com ;   //这个和apache同样的啦，写域名就好了

    location / {
            # First attempt to serve request as file, then
            # as directory, then fall back to index.html
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
            # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
            # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules
    }

    location /doc/ {
            alias /usr/share/doc/;
            autoindex on;
            allow 127.0.0.1;
            deny all;
    }

    # Only for nginx-naxsi : process denied requests
    #location /RequestDenied {
            # For example, return an error code
            #return 418;
    #}

    #error_page 404 /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    #error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
            root /web/example;
    }

location ~ .php$ { //nginx处理静态的页面，动态的转给FastCGI处理 # fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(/.+)$; # # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini # # # With php5-cgi alone: fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # # With php5-fpm: # fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; }

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    location ~ /\.ht {
            deny all;
    }

}

看下效果了，如过你的不成功，本身检查下....

参考资料： 1，http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-nginx-with-php5-and-php-fpm-and-mysql-support-on-ubuntu-11.10 2，http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-nginx-with-php5-and-php-fpm-and-mysql-support-on-ubuntu-11.10-p2 3，张宴的《实战Nginx：取代Apache的高性能Web服务器》