Spring Cloud Gateway ,相比以前咱们使用的 Zuul(1.x) 它有哪些优点呢?Zuul(1.x) 基于 Servlet,使用阻塞 API,它不支持任何长链接,如 WebSockets。Spring Cloud Gateway 使用非阻塞 API,支持 WebSockets,支持限流等新特性。本文首先用官方的案例带领你们来体验下Spring Cloud的一些简单的功能。html
建立工程springcloud工程,名为springcloud-gateway-hellojava
pom.xml 内容以下:git
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.gf</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-gateway-hello</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>springcloud-gateway-hello</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> </repository> </repositories> </project>
##建立一个简单的路由
Spring Cloud Gateway 使用路由来处理对下游服务的请求。建立RouteLocator的Bean,在本案例将把全部请求路由到 http://httpbin.org。路由能够经过多种方式配置:程序员
@SpringBootApplication public class SpringcloudGatewayHelloApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run( SpringcloudGatewayHelloApplication.class, args ); } @Bean public RouteLocator myRoutes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) { return builder.routes() .route(p -> p .path("/get") .filters(f -> f.addRequestHeader("Hello", "World")) .uri("http://httpbin.org:80")) .build(); } }
上述myRoutes方法RouteLocatorBuilder能够很容易地用于建立路由。除了建立路由以外,RouteLocatorBuilder还容许你在路由中添加各类 predicates(断言) 和 filters,以便根据特定条件更改请求和响应。github
上面建立的route可让请求“/get”请求都转发到“http://httpbin.org/get”。在route配置上,咱们添加了一个filter,该filter会将请求添加一个header,key为hello,value为world。web
启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8080/get,显示以下:spring
{ "args": { }, "headers": { "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br", "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,zh-TW;q=0.8", "Cache-Control": "max-age=0", "Connection": "close", "Forwarded": "proto=http;host=\"127.0.0.1:8080\";for=\"127.0.0.1:55607\"", "Hello": "World", "Host": "httpbin.org", "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36", "X-Forwarded-Host": "127.0.0.1:8080" }, "origin": "127.0.0.1, 124.74.78.150", "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8080/get" }
可见当向gateway工程请求“/get”,gateway会将工程的请求转发到“http://httpbin.org/get”,而且在转发以前,加上一个filter,该filter会将请求添加一个header,key为hello,value为world。shell
在spring cloud gateway中可使用Hystrix。Hystrix是 spring cloud中一个服务熔断降级的组件,在微服务系统有着十分重要的做用。
Hystrix 在 spring cloud gateway中是以filter的形式使用的,代码以下:apache
@Bean public RouteLocator myRoutes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) { return builder.routes() .route(p -> p .path("/get") .filters(f -> f.addRequestHeader("Hello", "World")) .uri("http://httpbin.org:80")) .route(p -> p .host("*.hystrix.com") .filters(f -> f.hystrix(config -> config .setName("mycmd") .setFallbackUri("forward:/fallback"))) .uri("http://httpbin.org:80")) .build(); }
在上面的代码中,咱们使用了另一个router,该router使用host去断言请求是否进入该路由,当请求的host为 “*.hystrix.com”,都会进入该router,该router中有一个hystrix的filter,该filter能够配置名称、和指向性fallback的逻辑的地址,好比本案例中重定向到了“/fallback”。json
如今写的一个“/fallback”的l逻辑:
@RequestMapping("/fallback") public String fallback() { return "fallback"; }
使用curl执行如下命令:
curl --dump-header - --header 'Host: www.hystrix.com' http://localhost:8080/delay/3
返回的响应为:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 8 fallback
可见,带host www.hystrix.com 的请求执行了hystrix的fallback的逻辑。
源码:https://github.com/gf-huanchupk/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter13/springcloud-gateway-hello
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