lfs（systemd版本）学习笔记-第4页

lfs（systemd版本）学习笔记-第3页 的地址:http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-slhiylnx-g.html

第7.2章节

网络配置

1.网络设备命名

cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-ether0.link << "EOF"
[Match]
# Change the MAC address as appropriate for your network device
MACAddress=12:34:45:78:90:AB（更改成网卡的mac号，在主机使用ifconfig查看）

[Link]
Name=ether0（更改成网卡的名字，在主机使用ifconfig查看）
EOF

2.静态ip配置

cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth-static.network << "EOF"
[Match]
Name=<network-device-name>

[Network]
Address=192.168.0.2/24
Gateway=192.168.0.1
DNS=192.168.0.1（使用静态/etc/resolv.conf文件，这个选项能够去掉）
Domains=<Your Domain Name>
EOF

3.dhcp配置

cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth-dhcp.network << "EOF"
[Match]
Name=<network-device-name>

[Network]
DHCP=ipv4

[DHCP]
UseDomains=true
EOF

4.systemd-resolved配置

ln -sfv /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

5.静态resolv.conf配置

cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/resolv.conf

domain <Your Domain Name>
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
# End /etc/resolv.conf
EOF

6.配置主机名字

echo "<lfs>" > /etc/hostname

<lfs>更换为主机名字

7.建立/etc/hosts文件

（1）使用dhcp自动分配

cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 <FQDN> <HOSTNAME> <192.168.1.1> <FQDN> <HOSTNAME> [alias1] [alias2 ...] ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters # End /etc/hosts EOF

（2）使用静态地址

cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 <FQDN> <HOSTNAME>
<192.168.0.2> <FQDN> <HOSTNAME> [alias1] [alias2] ...
::1       localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1   ip6-allnodes
ff02::2   ip6-allrouters

# End /etc/hosts
EOF

第7.5章节

若是电脑上面是多系统，而且有windows系统，就不要使用系统硬件时间做为系统时间（会有时差）。若是没有windows系统不须要更改。具体内容参见：个人linux时间综述笔记地址：http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-toedddtb-en.html

硬件时间设置为本地时间

cat > /etc/adjtime << "EOF"
0.0 0 0.0
0
LOCAL
EOF

第7.7章节 

配置语言环境

运行如下命令获取Glibc支持的全部语言环境的列表：

locale -a

结果：

C
en_US.utf8
POSIX
zh_CN.utf8

这里咱们选择en_US.utf8

如下是对对所选择的语言的测试

LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap

LC_ALL=<locale name> locale language
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_curr_symbol
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_prefix

肯定正确的区域设置后，建立 /etc/profile文件：

cat > /etc/locale.conf << "EOF"
LANG=en_US.utf8 
EOF

第7.8章节

1.建立/etc/inputrc配置文件

cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc # Modified by Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net> # Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line set horizontal-scroll-mode Off # Enable 8bit input set meta-flag On set input-meta On # Turns off 8th bit stripping set convert-meta Off # Keep the 8th bit for display set output-meta On # none, visible or audible set bell-style none # All of the following map the escape sequence of the value # contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions "\eOd": backward-word "\eOc": forward-word # for linux console "\e[1~": beginning-of-line "\e[4~": end-of-line "\e[5~": beginning-of-history "\e[6~": end-of-history "\e[3~": delete-char "\e[2~": quoted-insert # for xterm "\eOH": beginning-of-line "\eOF": end-of-line # for Konsole "\e[H": beginning-of-line "\e[F": end-of-line # End /etc/inputrc EOF

第7.9章节

1.建立/etc/shells文件

cat > /etc/shells << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/shells /bin/sh /bin/bash # End /etc/shells EOF

第7.10章节

1.引导时禁用屏幕清除

mkdir -pv /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d

cat > /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/noclear.conf << EOF
[Service]
TTYVTDisallocate=no
EOF

2.禁用/ tmp的tmpfs

ln -sfv /dev/null /etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount

第8.2章节

1.更改成lfs所建立的分区到相应位置便可（这个文件是配置lfs开机自动挂载的分区）

cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"

EOF# Begin /etc/fstab # file system mount-point type options dump fsck # order /dev/<xxx> / <fff> defaults 1 1 /dev/<yyy> swap swap pri=1 0 0 # End /etc/fstab<xxx><fff><yyy>

第8.3章节

配置编译安装linux内核

1.首先进入sources目录

cd   /sources

2.解压内核文件压缩包

tar  -xvf linux-4.20.12.tar.xz

3.进入内核包目录

cd linux-4.20.12

4.准备编译

make mrproper

5.设置默认内核配置状态

make defconfig

6.设置内核也能够经过修改.config文件来进行设置

make menuconfig

7.设置书中提供的如下选项

General setup -->
   [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED]
   [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features by default [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2]
   [*] open by fhandle syscalls [CONFIG_FHANDLE]
   [ ] Auditing support [CONFIG_AUDIT]
   [*] Control Group support [CONFIG_CGROUPS]
Processor type and features  --->
   [*] Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode [CONFIG_SECCOMP]
Networking support  --->
  Networking options  --->
   <*> The IPv6 protocol [CONFIG_IPV6]
Device Drivers  --->
  Generic Driver Options  --->
   [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]
   [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]
   [ ] Fallback user-helper invocation for firmware loading [CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER]
Firmware Drivers  --->
   [*] Export DMI identification via sysfs to userspace [CONFIG_DMIID]
File systems  --->
   [*] Inotify support for userspace [CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER]
   <*> Kernel automounter version 4 support (also supports v3) [CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS]
  Pseudo filesystems  --->
   [*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]
   [*] Tmpfs extended attributes [CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR]
Kernel hacking  --->
       Choose kernel unwinder (Frame pointer unwinder)  ---> [CONFIG_UNWINDER_FRAME_POINTER]

8.若是您的主机硬件使用UEFI，请自行添加此项设置

Processor type and features  --->
   [*]   EFI stub support  [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]

9.设置调整完保存退出便可

10.编译内核映像和模块

make -j8

11.安装配置模块

make modules_install

12.复制一些内核的启动文件到boot分区

cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-4.20.12-lfs-8.4-systemd

cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-4.20.12

cp -iv .config /boot/config-4.20.12

13.安装Linux内核的文档：

install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-4.20.12
cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-4.20.12

14.配置linux模块加载顺序

install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d
cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf

install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true
install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true

# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
EOF

15.返回sources目录并删除包目录

cd $LFS/sources

rm -rf linux-4.20.12

第8.4章节

安装配置grub引导

1.安装grub引导到MBR

grub-install /dev/sda

2.建立grub配置文件

cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
# Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
set default=0
set timeout=5

insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,2)  括号里面更改成你所安装lfs的分区或boot分区 例如/dev/sda2为（hd0,2）

menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 4.18.5-lfs-8.3" {
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.5-lfs-8.3 root=/dev/sda2 ro（这里的/dev/sda2更改成你所安装lfs的分区号 例如/dev/sda2）
}               （若是boot单独分区，则把这里的/boot删除。）

EOF

多系统引导文件示例：

cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
# Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg set default=0 set timeout=5 menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 4.18.5-lfs-8.3" { insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,5) linux /vmlinuz-4.18.5-lfs-8.3 root=/dev/sda6 ro } menuentry 'Manjaro Linux'{ insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos9' linux /vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=/dev/sda10 ro initrd /intel-ucode.img /initramfs-4.19-x86_64.img } menuentry 'Windows 7 (on /dev/sda1)'{ insmod ntfs set root='hd0,msdos1' chainloader +1 } EOF

第9.1章节

设置系统版本及版本号

cat > /etc/os-release << "EOF"
NAME="Linux From Scratch"
VERSION="8.4-systemd"
ID=lfs
PRETTY_NAME="Linux From Scratch 8.4-systemd"
VERSION_CODENAME="<your name here>"（括号里改成本身起的名字）
EOF

echo 8.3-systemd > /etc/lfs-release

cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF"
DISTRIB_ID="Linux From Scratch"
DISTRIB_RELEASE="8.4-systemd"
DISTRIB_CODENAME="<your name here>"（括号里改成本身起的名字）
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux From Scratch"
EOF

第9.3章节

运行下面的命令，退出chroot，卸载lfs的分区

exit

umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
umount -v $LFS/dev
umount -v $LFS/run
umount -v $LFS/proc
umount -v $LFS/sys

umount -v $LFS

umount -v $LFS/usr
umount -v $LFS/home
umount -v $LFS

重启进入lfs系统

reboot

附录

若是须要本机的grub引导lfs则在root用户下运行如下命令建立lfs的引导项

须要安装os-prober软件包，并挂载lfs的分区，在运行下面命令，添加lfs的启动项

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

肯定添加完lfs引导项后，重启机器进入lfs选项，便可进入lfs操做系统。