如何在.NET应用中访问以太坊智能合约【Nethereum】

Nethereum基本上是目前惟一可用的.NET平台下的web3.js移植包。在这个教程中,咱们将首先编写并部署一个简单的智能合约,而后建立一个简单的.NET应用,并使用Nethereum来访问以太坊上的智能合约。Nethereum是经过以太坊节点旳标准RPC接口访问智能合约,所以使用Nethereum能够对接全部的以太坊节点实现,例如geth或parity。web

若是你但愿快速掌握Netherem的开发,能够访问汇智网的互动教程C#以太坊开发详解,技术问题能够直接咨询课程助教。npm

智能合约开发与部署

首先安装开发用以太坊节点软件Ganache:windows

~$ npm install -g ganache-cli

而后安装以太坊开发框架Truffle:app

~$ npm install -g truffle

如今建立一个项目目录,进入该目录,并执行truffle init进行初始化:框架

~$ mkdir demo && cd hubwiz
~/hubwiz$ truffle init

truffle会建立一些新的文件夹:contract、test、migration等。在contract文件夹中,建立一个新的合约文件Vote.sol:ui

~/hubwiz/contracts$ touch Vote.sol

按以下内容编辑Vote.sol,这个合约只是简单地跟踪两个候选人的得票数,它使用交易发起帐户做为投票人,而且每一个帐户只能投一票:url

pragma solidity ^0.4.16;

 contract Vote {

     uint public candidate1;
     uint public candidate2;
     mapping (address => bool) public voted;

     function castVote(uint candidate) public  {
         require(!voted[msg.sender] && (candidate == 1 || candidate == 2));
         if(candidate == 1){
             candidate1++;
         }else{
             candidate2++;            
         }
         voted[msg.sender] = true;
     }
 }

接下来在migration文件夹建立一个新的js文件2_vote.js,内容以下:spa

var vote = artifacts.require("Vote");

 module.exports = function(deployer) {
   // deployment steps
   deployer.deploy(vote);
 };

而后打开项目文件夹下的truffle.js,用如下内容替换:code

module.exports = {
   networks: {
     ganache: {
       host: "127.0.0.1",
       port: 7545,
       network_id: "*" // Match any network id
     }
   }
 };

如今打开一个终端,启动ganache:blog

~$ ganache-cli

而后打开另外一个终端,用truffle部署合约:

~/hubwiz$ truffle deploy --reset --network ganache

你会看到终端输出相似下面的合约地址,拷贝下来,后面还要用到:

Vote: 0xe4e47451aad6c89a6d9e4ad104a7b77ffe1d3b36

.Net应用开发与智能合约访问

建立一个新的控制台项目,添加对以下开发包的依赖:

  • Nethereum.Web3
  • Nethereum.Contracts

而后按以下内容修改program.cs:

using System;
 using System.Numerics;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Nethereum.Contracts;
 using Nethereum.Hex.HexTypes;
 using Nethereum.Web3;

 namespace console
 {
     class Program
     {
         static void Main(string[] args)
         {
             //The URL endpoint for the blockchain network.
             string url = "HTTP://localhost:7545";

             //The contract address:合约部署的地址
             string address = "0x345cA3e014Aaf5dcA488057592ee47305D9B3e10";

             //The ABI for the contract.
             string ABI = @"[{'constant':true,'inputs':[],'name':'candidate1','outputs':[{'name':'','type':'uint256'}],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'view','type':'function'},{'constant':false,'inputs':[{'name':'candidate','type':'uint256'}],'name':'castVote','outputs':[],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'nonpayable','type':'function'},{'constant':true,'inputs':[],'name':'candidate2','outputs':[{'name':'','type':'uint256'}],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'view','type':'function'},{'constant':true,'inputs':[{'name':'','type':'address'}],'name':'voted','outputs':[{'name':'','type':'bool'}],'payable':false,'stateMutability':'view','type':'function'}]";

             //Creates the connecto to the network and gets an instance of the contract.
             Web3 web3 = new Web3(url);
             Contract voteContract = web3.Eth.GetContract(ABI, address);

             //Reads the vote count for Candidate 1 and Candidate 2
             Task<BigInteger> candidate1Function = voteContract.GetFunction("candidate1").CallAsync<BigInteger>();
             candidate1Function.Wait();
             int candidate1 = (int)candidate1Function.Result;
             Task<BigInteger> candidate2Function = voteContract.GetFunction("candidate2").CallAsync<BigInteger>();
             candidate2Function.Wait();
             int candidate2 = (int)candidate2Function.Result;            
             Console.WriteLine("Candidate 1 votes: {0}", candidate1);
             Console.WriteLine("Candidate 2 votes: {0}", candidate2);

             //Prompts for the account address.
             Console.Write("Enter the address of your account: ");
             string accountAddress = Console.ReadLine();

             //Prompts for the users vote.
             int vote = 0;
             Console.Write("Press 1 to vote for candidate 1, Press 2 to vote for candidate 2: ");
             Int32.TryParse(Convert.ToChar(Console.Read()).ToString(), out vote);
             Console.WriteLine("You pressed {0}", vote);

             //Executes the vote on the contract.
             try{
                 HexBigInteger gas = new HexBigInteger(new BigInteger(400000));
                 HexBigInteger value = new HexBigInteger(new BigInteger(0));                 
                 Task<string> castVoteFunction = voteContract.GetFunction("castVote").SendTransactionAsync(accountAddress, gas, value, vote);
                 castVoteFunction.Wait();
                 Console.WriteLine("Vote Cast!");
             }catch(Exception e){
                 Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", e.Message);
             }               
         }
     }
 }

别忘了用你本身部署的合约地址修改上面代码中的合约地址。如今运行应用,就能够投票了!

用Nethereum很容易就能够为.Net应用添加访问以太坊智能合约的能力,因为Nethereum基于.NET平台,所以它能够用于.NET Core应用、.NET Standard应用、Xamarin以及各类windows应用中。

原文连接:Nethereum:.NET应用和以太坊智能合约的桥梁 - 汇智网

相关文章
相关标签/搜索