Mac安装scrapy并建立项目

最近想要学习Python3+Scrapy的爬虫技术，须要先安装Python3和Scrapy。由于Mac是自带Python2.7的。安装Python3.6版本有两种方法，一种是升级，一种是额外安装3.6版本。

安装Python3.6版本

其实安装3.6版本也就是在官网上直接下载以后安装，和普通的mac软件安装方式是同样的~~

www.python.org/downloads/r…

安装完成以后，不会覆盖原来的Python，新安装的Python3.6版本会在 /usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6 文件中

此时在终端直接输入 python 会执行python2.7版本

$ python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Jul 15 2017, 17:16:57) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.31)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 
复制代码

输入 python3 则会执行Python3.6版本

$ python3
Python 3.6.2 (default, Sep 11 2017, 16:24:44) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.42)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 
复制代码

安装Scrapy

接下来就能够开始安装scrapy了

python3.6中自带 pip，因此不须要额外安装，能够直接在终端输入 pip3 --version查看版本和路径

$ pip3 --version
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)
复制代码

使用 pip3 安装scrapy

$ pip3 install Scrapy
复制代码

这里的Scrapy必定要首字母大写，否则会在安装的过程当中报错~~

Collecting scrapy  
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x103aa2c88>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused',)': /simple/scrapy/  
Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x103aa29e8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused',)': /simple/scrapy/  
Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x103aa2630>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused',)': /simple/scrapy/  
Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x103aa2f28>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused',)': /simple/scrapy/  
Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x103aa2be0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused',)': /simple/scrapy/  
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement scrapy (from versions: )  
No matching distribution found for scrapy  
复制代码

安装成功以后，能够直接在终端上输入 scrapy 查看版本号及使用

$ scrapy
Scrapy 1.4.0 - no active project
    
Usage:
   scrapy <command> [options] [args]
    
Available commands:
   bench         Run quick benchmark test
   fetch         Fetch a URL using the Scrapy downloader
   genspider     Generate new spider using pre-defined templates
   runspider     Run a self-contained spider (without creating a project)
   settings      Get settings values
   shell         Interactive scraping console
   startproject  Create new project
   version       Print Scrapy version
   view          Open URL in browser, as seen by Scrapy
    
   [ more ]      More commands available when run from project directory
    
 Use "scrapy <command> -h" to see more info about a command
复制代码

建立Scrapy项目

在pycharm中是没有直接建立scrapy项目的，能够使用 scrapy 命令手动新建项目（ArticleSpider为项目名称）

$ scrapy startproject ArticleSpider
复制代码