Oracle之静默安装

时间 2020-01-05

标签 oracle 静默安装栏目 Oracle 繁體版

原文原文链接

服务器采用的是阿里云，具体看下面java

[root@aliyun_test var]# cat /etc/system-releaselinux

CentOS release 6.5 (Final)c++

[root@aliyun_test var]# uname -rsql

2.6.32-431.23.3.el6.x86_64数据库

[root@aliyun_test var]# uname -nvim

aliyun_testbash

内存：
服务器

因为阿里云默认是没有swap的，因此这个须要本身建立，后面会提到如何建立session

静默安装前一些必要的操做oracle

#####install java

rpm -ivh jdk-7u75-linux-x64.rpm

echo "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_75" >> /etc/profile.d/java.sh

echo "export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/java.sh

echo "export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar" >>/etc/profile.d/java.sh

. /etc/profile.d/java.sh

######verify java

java -version

一些必须的包

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 ksh elfutils-libelf \

elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio \

libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 \

libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel unzip

而后是一些内核参数调整

########modify /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

/sbin/sysctl -p

而后是软硬文件打开数

##############modify /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

建立oracle用户

#########create user oracle

/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd dba

/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

passwd oracle

mkdir /u01/app -p

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chmod 755 /u01/app

建立oracle清单文件

########create oraInventory

echo "inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory" >> /etc/oraInst.loc

echo "inst_group=oinstall" >> /etc/oraInst.loc

chown -R oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc

chmod 755 /etc/oraInst.loc

添加登陆认证

########modify /etc/pam.d/login

#add

session required pam_limits.so

修改/etc/profile 限制其余用户使用

############modify /etc/profile

# add follows to the end

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

而后切换oracle用户进行操做

#########for oracle user

su - oracle

cd /home/oracle

file1:wget http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

file2:wget http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

vim .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

export ORACLE_SID=test

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /u01/app

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /u01/app

因为是使用静默文件安装oracle，因此必须建立修改响应文件（具体参数说明请参考官方网站）

cp /u01/app/database/response/db_install.rsp /home/oracle

chmod 700 /home/oracle/*.rsp

####add to rsp

修改如下值

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle11g

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=test

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=test

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=redhat

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

准备工做就绪后，因而进行安装

#######silent install oracle

cd /u01/app

./database/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp

请根据屏幕上的输出信息进行相应的措施（因为是阿里云主机，swap要求没有达到）

swap内存作以下操做：

若是交换空间不够：针对阿里云主机或者swap为0的主机

dd if=/dev/zero of=/test bs=1G count=4----》若是这种方法不行，请选择下面

mkswap -f /test

swapon /test

free -m

设置2G的swap空间

[root@aliyun_test var]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/test bs=1G count=2

dd: memory exhausted

[root@aliyun_test var]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/test bs=1024 count=2097152

2097152+0 records in

2097152+0 records out

2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 38.0205 s, 56.5 MB/s

[root@aliyun_test var]# du -sh /var/test

2.1G /var/test

[root@aliyun_test var]# mkswap -f /var/test

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2097148 KiB

no label, UUID=d3ba4921-7d5e-47ae-810b-44f2369a24c2

[root@aliyun_test var]# swapon /var/test

[root@aliyun_test var]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 994 930 63 0 31 809

-/+ buffers/cache: 89 905

Swap: 2047 0 2047

安装到出现以下叫你使用root用户执行如下脚本

/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

因而使用另外一会话终端执行

[root@aliyun_test ~]# /u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Check /u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_aliyun_test_2016-09-20_10-20-22.log for the output of root script

而后回到oracle用户那个终端敲入enter键就安装完成

而后继续修改oracle家目录下的环境文件以下

vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

下一步就是配置监听服务，具体操做以下

启动监听

###############modify netca.rsp

cp database/response/netca.rsp /home/oracle/

vim /home/oracle/netca.rsp

GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"

CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"

INSTALL_TYPE=""custom" "安装的类型("typical—典型","minimal—最小" or "custom—自定义")

LISTENER_NUMBER=1 监听器数量

LISTENER_NAMES={"test"} 监听器的名称列表

LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"} 监听器使用的通信协议列表

LISTENER_START=""test"" 监听器启动的名称

而后运行：

netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/netca.rsp

[oracle@aliyun_test app]$ netca /silent /home/oracle/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:

Parameter "silent" = true

Parameter "responsefile" = /opt/oracle/netca.rsp

Done parsing command line arguments.

Oracle Net Services Configuration:

Configuring Listener:test

Listener configuration complete.

Oracle Net Listener Startup:

Running Listener Control:

/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start test

Listener Control complete.

Listener started successfully.

Profile configuration complete.

Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

监听配置完，端口就会开启，查看一下

[root@aliyun_test ~]# netstat -tunlp|grep 1521

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17760/tnslsnr

/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr test（这条命令启动的）

最后建立单实例数据库

静默创建新库

cp database/response/dbca.rsp /home/oracle/

vim /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

而后修改如下：

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0" //不能更改

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

GDBNAME = "test" //全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名

SID= "test" //对应的实例名字

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc" //建库用的模板文件

SYSPASSWORD = "redhat" //SYS管理员密码

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "redhat" //SYSTEM管理员密码

DATAFILEDESTINATION = /u01/app/oradata //数据文件存放目录

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u01/app/flash_recovery_area //恢复数据存放目录

CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8" //字符集，重要!!! 建库后通常不能更改，因此建库前要肯定清楚。(CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"

NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "UTF8")

TOTALMEMORY = "380" //oracle内存

而后静默建库

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

如此以后数据库建立完成，使用sqlplus命令操做，进行登陆

登陆的用户采用的system密码为redhat，上述操做都有记录

至此静默安装oracle完成

启动监听：

[oracle@oracle admin]$ lsnrctl start test

查看端口1521是否开启

启动数据库：

[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 26 14:37:17 2017

SQL> conn /as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 584568832 bytes

Fixed Size 2215544 bytes

Variable Size 490733960 bytes

Database Buffers 88080384 bytes

Redo Buffers 3538944 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

链接数据库：

[oracle@oracle admin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

test

[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus system/redhat@test

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 26 14:42:34 2017

ERROR:

ORA-28002: the password will expire within 7 days

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

[oracle@oracle admin]$ echo $SERVICE_NAME

oracle.test