day11:分发系统|expect脚本远程登陆和执行命令、传递参数、expect同步文件|expect指定host后同步文件|构建文件分发系统|批量远程执行命令

一、分发系统介绍:expect,也就是一个分发脚本:php

场景:业务会愈来愈大,网站app,后端,服务端所使用的编程语言为php,要想运行这个环境,就须要配置LAMP或者LNMP,最后还须要把代码上传到服务器上去,业务不断的增长,一两台机器还好好说,要是几十台,上百台设备,这时候就须要用到了分发系统了,把天天更新的代码发布到每一台机器上去:shell

      expect是一种脚本语言,经过它能够实现传输,上线代码,能够实现远程执行命令,不须要输入密码:编程

首先准备一台模板机器(最新的代码待上线),而后给下面分发代码的多台台机器上线,机器的IP,对应用户的密码,然经过expect,借助rsync来上传代码,能够用expect去登陆执行某些命令:vim

1:expect脚本安装后端

yum   install   -y    expect     (安装包和mkpasswd是一块儿的)安全

示例1:自动远程登陆,并执行一些命令:bash

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 1.expect  
#! /usr/bin/expect
set host "192.168.149.129"
set passwd "nihao123!"
set port "-p 56888"
spawn ssh $port root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}  
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
##expect eof  表示登陆远程机器后,暂停一两秒钟后退出:
interact  
#脚本结束

注释:在expect中定义变量须要set  host才能够:服务器

注释:在文件里 expect  { }这里是保证登陆信息,第一次登陆时候,则须要yes记录登陆信息,下一次则不须要了,须要清空 >/root/.ssh/known_hosts才能够:app

exp_continue表示继续/r换行,  interact表示继续停留在这台机器不退出:若是不加的话则登陆后立刻退出:ssh

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ssh -p 56888 192.168.149.129 
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
#由于咱们之前登陆过,全部不询问为了安全性,是否须要还继续连接:
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# > /root/.ssh/
authorized_keys         authorized_keys_xshell  id_rsa.pub              
authorized_keys.bakup   id_rsa                  known_hosts             
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# > /root/.ssh/known_hosts     #清空这个文件里面的信息:
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ssh -p 56888 192.168.149.129      #再次登陆时则会询问:
The authenticity of host '[192.168.149.129]:56888 ([192.168.149.129]:56888)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mtOEV1y+2ErXFWqQRL0rYCQGGuVE7z4n1is+2dPQc7E.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d9:f7:03:de:c4:f5:40:89:be:3c:25:6d:70:6a:49:a5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

加入执行权限后成功登陆:        chmod  a+x  1.expect

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./1.expect
-bash: ./1.expect: 权限不够
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 1.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./1.expect 
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
The authenticity of host '[192.168.149.129]:56888 ([192.168.149.129]:56888)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mtOEV1y+2ErXFWqQRL0rYCQGGuVE7z4n1is+2dPQc7E.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d9:f7:03:de:c4:f5:40:89:be:3c:25:6d:70:6a:49:a5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.149.129]:56888' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 00:33:35 2018 from 192.168.149.135
[root@localhost_02 ~]#

2:expect远程执行命令

远程执行完命令,并退出:

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 2.expect  
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user "root"
set passwd "nihao123!"
set port "-p 56888"
spawn ssh $port  $user@192.168.180.135

expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "touch /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

注释:expect  "]*"  星号表示通配,匹配右边的全部字符(不论是root用户普通用户):

注释:send 表示执行这个命令:

3:须要加执行权限并执行这个命令

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 2.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ll 2.expect 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 307 10月  4 16:09 2.expect
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./2.expect 
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:00:22 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# touch /tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost_02 ~]# echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt

而后在129这台机器上查看是否建立成功:

[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls /tmp/12.txt 
/tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost_02 ~]# cat  /tmp/12.txt 
1212

四、expect脚本传递参数

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 3.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# cat 3.expect 
#!/usr/bin/expect
set port [lindex $argv 0]   
#第一个参数,若是端口仍是默认的22,则不须要定义次参数,依次往下定义便可:
set user [lindex $argv 1] 
#第二个参数
set host [lindex $argv 2]   
#第三个参数
set passwd "nihao123!"
set cm [lindex $argv 3]   
#第四参数
spawn ssh -p $port $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

1:增长执行权限:     chmod    +x     3.expect

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 3.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ll 3.expect 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 369 10月  4 16:37 3.expect

2:执行此脚本:   

  ./3.expect     第一个参数(port)              第二个参数(user)      第三个参数(host)      第四个参数(command)

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 ls
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:24:37 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls
1  anaconda-ks.cfg  bash  CentOS7-Base-163.repo  link  shell  test  test.txt

 一样,也支持多条参数:  多条命令最后用双引号括住,而后用分号分割则能够:

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 "ls;w"
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:32:46 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls;w
1  anaconda-ks.cfg  bash  CentOS7-Base-163.repo  link  shell  test  test.txt
 06:32:57 up 19:42,  2 users,  load average: 0.42, 0.23, 0.16
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    192.168.149.130  06:32    1.00s  0.02s  0.01s w
root     pts/1    192.168.149.135  00:33   26:57   0.03s  0.03s -bash

注释:若是是执行多条命令的话,也能够传递多个参数,若是要是把多个命令当成一个参数来传递的话,则须要用双引号引发来,而且用分号分割才能够:

一样:当咱们传递第四个参数时:  vmstat模式超时时间是10秒:

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 "w;vmstat 1"
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last failed login: Thu Oct  4 06:56:10 CST 2018 from 192.168.149.130 on ssh:notty
There were 2 failed login attempts since the last successful login.
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:37:26 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# w;vmstat 1
 07:07:33 up 20:17,  2 users,  load average: 0.01, 0.19, 0.20
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    192.168.149.130  07:07    0.00s  0.03s  0.03s w
root     pts/1    192.168.149.135  00:33    1:01m  0.03s  0.03s -bash
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 3  0      0 1026092   2076 240768    0    0     3    42   61  101  0  0 99  1  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   37   78  0  1 99  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   42   84  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   42   82  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0    10   54   90  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   37   78  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0   103   43  104  0  1 99  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   45   86  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   37   74  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   34   72  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   33   70  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   35   80  0  0 100  0  0
十秒后自动超时:

注释:也能够设置永不超时:  须要在执行命令(也就是第四个参数)后面添加    set   timeout  -1

expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
#set timeout -1             #表示永不超时:
#set timeout  5             #也能够手动指定具体的秒数:  本次5ms:  
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

一、expect同步文件:  自动同步文件;   一台机器向一台机器同步文件:

1:在一台机器上,把文件同步到其余机器上;并添加执行权限:

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 4.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# cat 4.expect 
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "nihao123!"
spawn rsync -av -e "ssh -p 56888" root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send $passwd\r}
}
expect eof
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 4.expect

2:执行这个脚本:   ./4.expect         并查看同步后的文件内容:

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./4.expect 
spawn rsync -av -e ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
receiving incremental file list
12.txt

sent 43 bytes  received 96 bytes  278.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5  speedup is 0.04
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ls /tmp/12.txt 
/tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ll /tmp/12.txt 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Oct  4 06:04 /tmp/12.txt

注释:expect   eof表示只有spawn执行命令的结果才会被expect捕捉到,由于spawn会启动一个进程,只有这个进程相关信息才会被捕捉到,注意包括标准输入的提示信息,eof 和timeout:

以下测试,注释掉expect  eof,则还没来得及传输了,就退出来了(仅仅到输入密码的那里)

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 4.expect 
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "nihao123!"
spawn rsync -av -e "ssh -p 56888" root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send $passwd\r}
}
#expect eof      #注释掉:
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# rm -fr /tmp/12.txt 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./4.expect 
spawn rsync -av -e ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
root@192.168.149.129's password: [root@localhost_01 sbin]#

二、expect指定host和要同步的文件

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 5.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# cat 5.expect 
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "nihao123!"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av -e "ssh -p 56888" $file root@$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect eof
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 5.expect

注释:用变量定义的文件所在目录要写绝对路径才可:

如:同步本机目录/tmp/12.txt到远端主机192.168.149.129的/tmp/目录下:

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./5.expect 192.168.149.129 "/tmp/12.txt"
spawn rsync -av -e ssh -p 56888 /tmp/12.txt root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
sending incremental file list
12.txt

sent 100 bytes  received 35 bytes  90.00 bytes/sec
total size is 9  speedup is 0.07

注释:由于同步rsync须要借助ssh的端口,若是是默认的22端口或者自定义的,那若是有多台机器的ssh的端口各不相同,那是否能够把port当成一个参数来传递:以下:

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 5.expect 
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "nihao123!"
set port [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set file [lindex $argv 2]
spawn rsync -av -e  "ssh -p $port" $file root@$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect eof
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./5.expect 56888 192.168.149.129 "/tmp/12.txt"
spawn rsync -av -e ssh -p 56888 /tmp/12.txt root@192.168.149.129:/tmp/12.txt
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
sending incremental file list

sent 44 bytes  received 12 bytes  37.33 bytes/sec
total size is 9  speedup is 0.16

二、构建文件分发系统;

一台机器向多台机器同步文件:

需求背景:对于大公司而言,确定会时不时有网站或者配置文件更新,并且使用的机器也是好多台,少则几台,多则上百台,因此自动同步文件是很重要的:

实现思路:首先须要有一台模板机器,提早把要分发的文件准备好,而后只要使用expect脚本批量把须要同步的文件分发到目标机器便可:

核心命令:rsync  -av  --filep-from=list.txt  /  root@host:/

注释:使用rsync 的 --files参数,能够实现调用文件里面的列表(列表里的路径须要绝对路径),进行多个文件远程传输,进而实现文件分发:

1:建立rsync.expect的脚本内容

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim rsync.expect
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# cat rsync.expect 
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "nihao123!"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -avR -e "ssh -p 56888" --files-from=$file / root@$host:/ 
#这个地方定义了原目录和目标目录以跟目录开始
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x rsync.expect

注释:文件路径放在/tmp/flie.list:同步的路径,咱们要把要同步的文件路径放在/tmp/list.txt里面,这个时候须要保证对方机器上也要有个这个路径(文件有没有无所谓),若是没有路径,则须要使用rsync -avR建立路径:

注释:IP列表 /tmp/ip.list:实现分发系统,远程同步的机器数量大,还须要定义一个IP列表 /tmp/ip.txt;

建立同步文件的列表和建立分发系统的IP地址列表:

注释:同步前提是分发系统的密码须要都同样才能够,可是这也容易形成系统不安全(expect脚本泄露),不过能够也使用秘钥验证(rsync验证),省略掉密码的哪一步;

2:建立同步文件列表(写绝对路径):/tmp/file.list

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim /tmp/flie.list
/tmp/12.txt
/root/shell/test.sh
/root/111/222/111.txt

3:建立IP地址列表: /tmp/ip.list

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim /tmp/ip.list
192.168.149.129
192.168.149.131

4:建立rsync.sh脚本:   并给予执行权限:

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim rsync.sh 
#!/bin/bash 
for ip in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
    echo $ip   
    ./rsync.expect $ip /tmp/file.list
done

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x rsync.sh

5:执行rsync.sh脚本:  ./rsync.sh

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# sh rsync.sh 
192.168.149.129
spawn rsync -avR -e ssh -p 56888 --files-from=/tmp/file.list / root@192.168.149.129:/
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
building file list ... done
root/
root/111/
root/111/222/
root/111/222/111.txt
root/shell/
root/shell/test.sh
tmp/

sent 415 bytes  received 69 bytes  322.67 bytes/sec
total size is 118  speedup is 0.24
192.168.149.131
spawn rsync -avR -e ssh -p 56888 --files-from=/tmp/file.list / root@192.168.149.131:/
root@192.168.149.131's password: 
building file list ... done
root/
root/111/
root/111/222/
root/111/222/111.txt
root/shell/
root/shell/test.sh
tmp/
tmp/12.txt

sent 467 bytes  received 88 bytes  1,110.00 bytes/sec
total size is 118  speedup is 0.21

注释:这个shell脚本的目的,就是遍历一下IP列表中的IP地址;

注释:重要的是expect脚本要加上执行权限,而且两端都要安装rsync服务:

注释:分发系统还有一个重要的关键是,确保同步的机器的密码以及端口号(由于rsync要以来sshd的端口)一致,不然将不能实现同步;因此这就存在一个弊端,一旦脚本暴露,将会让别人知道如何登录你机器;固然也有对应的解决办法,那就是使用密钥认证,这样的话,天然在命令行业省去“输入密码< password:" { send "$passwd\r" } >''”和“定义密码< set passwd "123123a" >”的命令了;

二、批量远程执行命令;  有时候远端机器操做完后,须要远程重启,或者重启服务等,则使用这个方法;

1: 建立exe.expcet脚本:        并给执行权限;

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim exe.expect 
#!/usr/bin/expect
set port [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set cm [lindex $argv 2]
set passwd "nihao123!"
spawn ssh $port root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x exe.expect

2:建立exe.sh执行脚本:

#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat ip.list`
do
    echo $ip
    ./exe.expect $port -p56888 $ip "hostname"
done

3:执行脚本:   sh   exe.sh

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# sh exe.sh 
192.168.149.129
spawn ssh -p56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 07:12:29 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# hostname
localhost_02
[root@localhost_02 ~]# 192.168.149.131
spawn ssh -p56888 root@192.168.149.131
root@192.168.149.131's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 20:19:06 2018 from 192.168.149.135
[root@localhost_03 ~]# hostname
localhost_03
相关文章
相关标签/搜索