Oracle数据库：启动操做

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一、切换到oracle用户，登录到数据库

[root@localhost Desktop]# su - oracle    # 切换到oracle用户
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus  / as sysdba        # 以dba身份登陆到数据库
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jun 22 19:51:58 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.     #  这里代表，数据库还未启动，须要启动数据库

二、启动数据库

SYS> startup    # 启动数据库
ORACLE instance started.   #  实例启动
Total System Global Area  795127808 bytes     # 分配内存等操做
Fixed Size    1339456 bytes
Variable Size  503320512 bytes
Database Buffers  285212672 bytes
Redo Buffers    5255168 bytes
Database mounted.    #  数据库挂载
Database opened.     #  数据库打开

三、打开数据库，有哪些命令，如何操做呢！下面就是命令索引

SYS> help index   # 显示全部相关命令
Enter Help [topic] for help.
 @             COPY         PAUSE                    SHUTDOWN
 @@            DEFINE       PRINT                    SPOOL
 /             DEL          PROMPT                   SQLPLUS
 ACCEPT        DESCRIBE     QUIT                     START
 APPEND        DISCONNECT   RECOVER                  STARTUP
 ARCHIVE LOG   EDIT         REMARK                   STORE
 ATTRIBUTE     EXECUTE      REPFOOTER                TIMING
 BREAK         EXIT         REPHEADER                TTITLE
 BTITLE        GET          RESERVED WORDS (SQL)     UNDEFINE
 CHANGE        HELP         RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL)  VARIABLE
 CLEAR         HOST         RUN                      WHENEVER OSERROR
 COLUMN        INPUT        SAVE                     WHENEVER SQLERROR
 COMPUTE       LIST         SET                      XQUERY
 CONNECT       PASSWORD     SHOW
SYS> help shutdown    #  这里以shutdown为列，查看命令帮助
 SHUTDOWN
 --------
 Shuts down a currently running Oracle Database instance, optionally
 closing and dismounting a database.
 SHUTDOWN [ABORT|IMMEDIATE|NORMAL|TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]]

四、查看相关用户是否被锁，以及如何解锁

SYS> desc dba_users;    # 全部帐户信息存在这张表中，可用desc查看表结构
SYS> select USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS from dba_users;  # 查看用户名和状态......
SYS> alter user SCOTT identified by tiger account unlock;  # 解锁用户，设置密码
User altered.

五、测试用户是否可用

SYS> conn scott/tiger   # 用conn来切换用户
Connected.
SCOTT> show user;    # 如今当前是哪一个用户
USER is "SCOTT"

六、查看当前用户下，有哪些表

SCOTT> select * from tab;    # 存在tab表中 

七、重复执行上一条命令，用run 或 /

SCOTT> run

八、将命令报错到一个文件，默认只能保存1条

SCOTT> save 2.sql  # 用save命令保存
Created file 2.sql
SCOTT> @2.sql  # 调用文件用 @

九、显然只保存1条命令没法知足需求，下面是多条：spool

SCOTT> spool 3.txt   #  打开，并保存到指定文件
SCOTT> select * from tab;   #  执行几条查询语句
SCOTT> select * from emp;
SCOTT> spool off   # 关闭spool

十、查看文件，并查看内容

SCOTT> host ls   # 调用系统命令：用host，默认保存文件，都存放在当前目录
1.sql  2.sql  3.txt  afiedt.buf  db.rsp
SCOTT> host cat 2.sql  # 查看内容

十一、断开链接，用disc

SCOTT> disc
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing option

十二、关闭数据库：shutdown

> conn / as sysdba  # 以dba用户身份登陆
Connected.
SYS> shutdown immediate;  # 当即关闭数据库，没有commit的回滚
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

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