随着项目的逐渐扩大,日志的增长也变得更快。Log4j是经常使用的日志记录工具,在有些时候,咱们可能须要将Log4j的日志发送到专门用于记录日志的远程服务器,特别是对于稍微大一点的应用。这么作的优势有:html
能够集中管理日志:能够把多台服务器上的日志都发送到一台日志服务器上,方便管理、查看和分析java
能够减轻服务器的开销:日志不在服务器上了,所以服务器有更多可用的磁盘空间web
能够提升服务器的性能:经过异步方式,记录日志时服务器只负责发送消息,不关心日志记录的时间和位置,服务器甚至不关心日志到底有没有记录成功spring
远程打印日志的原理:项目A须要打印日志,而A调用Log4j来打印日志,Log4j的JMSAppender又给配置的地址(ActiveMQ地址)发送一条JMS消息,此时绑定在Queue上的项目B的监听器发现有消息到来,因而当即唤醒监听器的方法开始输出日志。apache
本文将使用两个Java项目Product和Logging,其中Product项目就是模拟线上的项目,而Logging项目模拟运行在专用的日志服务器上的项目。说明:本文的例子是在Windows平台下。浏览器
1. 下载:http://activemq.apache.org/download.html服务器
2. 解压后不须要任何配置,进入到bin下对应的系统架构文件夹session
3. 双击activemq.bat启动,若是看到相似下面的页面,就表明activemq启动好了:架构
而后打开浏览器,输入地址:http://localhost:8161进入管理页面,用户名admin,密码admin:app
能够点击Manage ActiveMQ broker进入Queue的查看界面。
我用Maven来管理项目,方便维护各类依赖的jar包。先看下项目结构:
项目不复杂,主要是4个文件:pom.xml,Main.java,log4j.properties和jndi.properties
pom.xml中主要是声明项目的依赖包,其他没有什么东西了:
<!-- Use to call write log methods --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <!-- Log4j uses this lib --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.7.13</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring jms lib --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId> <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- ActiveMQ lib --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId> <artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId> <version>5.7.0</version> </dependency>
Main.java:
package com.demo.product; import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.Destination; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.MessageListener; import javax.jms.Session; import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQObjectMessage; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent; public class Main implements MessageListener { public Main() throws Exception { // create consumer and listen queue ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616"); Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); connection.start(); //////////////注意这里JMSAppender只支持TopicDestination,下面会说到//////////////// Destination topicDestination = session.createTopic("logTopic"); MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(topicDestination); consumer.setMessageListener(this); // log a message Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Main.class); logger.info("Info Log."); logger.warn("Warn Log"); logger.error("Error Log."); // clean up Thread.sleep(1000); consumer.close(); session.close(); connection.close(); System.exit(1); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { new Main(); } public void onMessage(Message message) { try { // receive log event in your consumer LoggingEvent event = (LoggingEvent)((ActiveMQObjectMessage)message).getObject(); System.out.println("Received log [" + event.getLevel() + "]: "+ event.getMessage()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
说明:而后是log4j.properties:
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout, jms ## Be sure that ActiveMQ messages are not logged to 'jms' appender log4j.logger.org.apache.activemq=INFO, stdout log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %-5p %c - %m%n ## Configure 'jms' appender. You'll also need jndi.properties file in order to make it work log4j.appender.jms=org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender log4j.appender.jms.InitialContextFactoryName=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory log4j.appender.jms.ProviderURL=tcp://localhost:61616 log4j.appender.jms.TopicBindingName=logTopic log4j.appender.jms.TopicConnectionFactoryBindingName=ConnectionFactory
其实按理说只须要这么三个文件就能够了,可是这时候执行会报错:
javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: logTopic at org.apache.activemq.jndi.ReadOnlyContext.lookup(ReadOnlyContext.java:235) at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(Unknown Source) at org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender.lookup(JMSAppender.java:245) at org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender.activateOptions(JMSAppender.java:222) at org.apache.log4j.config.PropertySetter.activate(PropertySetter.java:307) ... at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy.<clinit>(ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy.java:39) at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.<init>(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:84) at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.<init>(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:137) at com.demo.product.Main.<init>(Main.java:20) at com.demo.product.Main.main(Main.java:43)
为何会报错呢?来看看JMSAppender的javadoc文档,它是这么描述的:
大意是说,JMSAppender须要一个jndi配置来初始化一个JNDI上下文(Context)。由于有了这个上下文才能管理JMS Topic和topic的链接。因而为项目配置一个叫jndi.properties的文件,其内容为:
topic.logTopic=logTopic
而后再运行就不会报错了。咱们先来看看ActiveMQ(注意切换到Topic标签页下):
能够看到,主题为logTopic的消息,有3条进Queue,这3条也出Queue了。而出Queue的消息,已经被咱们的监听器收到并打印出来了:
须要注意的是,本例只是一个很简单的例子,目的是阐明远程打印日志的原理。实际项目中,通常日志服务器上运行着的,不是项目,而是专用的日志记录器。下面,咱们就把这个项目拆分红两个项目,并用Spring来管理这些用到的Bean
修改后的Product的项目结构并无改变,改变的只是Main类:
package com.demo.product; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; public class Main{ private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Main.class); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // just log a message logger.info("Info Log."); logger.warn("Warn Log"); logger.error("Error Log."); System.exit(0); } }
这个Main类和普通的logger调用同样,仅仅负责打印日志。有没有以为太简单了呢?
来看看项目结构图:
为了让监听器一直活着,我把Logging写成了一个Web项目,跑在Tomcat上。index.jsp就是个Hello World字符串而已,用来验证Logging活着。注意,在Logging项目中,已没有Product项目中的log4j.properties和jndi.properties两个文件。
来看看另外几个文件:
pom.xml(每一个包的目的都写在注释里了):
<!-- Use to cast object to LogEvent when received a log --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <!-- Use to receive jms message --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId> <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- Use to load spring.xml --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- ActiveMQ lib --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId> <artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId> <version>5.7.0</version> </dependency>
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- Use to load spring.xml --> <listener> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd"> <bean id="jmsTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate"> <property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory"/> </bean> <bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.jms.connection.SingleConnectionFactory"> <property name="targetConnectionFactory" ref="targetConnectionFactory"/> </bean> <bean id="targetConnectionFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory"> <property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://localhost:61616"/> </bean> <!-- As JMSAppender only support the topic way to send messages, thus queueDestination here is useless. <bean id="queueDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue"> <constructor-arg name="name" value="queue" /> </bean> --> <bean id="topicDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic"> <constructor-arg name="name" value="logTopic" /> </bean> <bean id="jmsContainer" class="org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer"> <property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory" /> <!-- <property name="destination" ref="queueDestination" /> --> <property name="destination" ref="topicDestination" /> <property name="messageListener" ref="logMessageListener" /> </bean> <bean id="logMessageListener" class="com.demo.logging.LogMessageListener"/> </beans>
logMessageListener指向咱们本身实现的日志消息处理逻辑类,topicDestination则关注topic为“logTopic”的消息,而jmsContainer把这两个对象绑在一块儿,这样就能接收并处理消息了。
最后就是伟大的监听器了LogMessageListener了:
package com.demo.logging; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageListener; import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQObjectMessage; import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent; public class LogMessageListener implements MessageListener { public void onMessage(Message message) { try { // receive log event in your consumer LoggingEvent event = (LoggingEvent)((ActiveMQObjectMessage)message).getObject(); System.out.println("Logging project: [" + event.getLevel() + "]: "+ event.getMessage()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
哈哈,说伟大,其实太简单了。可是能够看到,监听器里面就是以前Product项目中Main类里面移除的实现了MessageListener接口中的代码。
在执行测试前,删掉ActiveMQ中全部的Queue,确保测试效果。
先运行Logging项目,开始Queue的监听。再运行Product的Main类的main函数,能够先看到Main类打印到控制台的日志:
接下来去看看Queue中的状况:
能够看到有个叫logTopic的主题的消息,进了3条,出了3条。不用想,出Queue的3条日志已经被Logging项目的Listener接收并打印出来了,如今去看看Tomcat的控制台:
还要注意Queue中的logTopic的Consumer数量为1而不是0,这与开始的截图不一样。咱们都知道这个Consumer是Logging项目中的LogMessageListener对象,它一直活着,是由于Tomcat一直活着;以前的Consumer数量为0,是由于在main函数执行完后,Queue的监听器(也是写日志的对象)就退出了。
经过把Product和Logging项目分别放在不一样的机器上执行,在第三台机器上部署ActiveMQ(固然你能够把ActiveMQ搭建在任意能够访问的地方),再配置一下Product项目的log4j.properties文件和Logging项目的spring.xml文件就能用于生产环境啦。
JMSAppender类将LoggingEvent实例序列化成ObjectMessage,并将其发送到JMS Server的一个指定Topic中,所以,使用此种将日志发送到远程的方式只支持Topic方式发送,不支持Queue方式发送。咱们再log4j.properties中配置了这一句:
log4j.appender.jms=org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender
这一句指定了使用的Appender,打开这个Appender,在里面能够看到不少setter,好比:
这些setter不是巧合,而正是对应了咱们在log4j.properties中设置的其余几个选项:
log4j.appender.jms.InitialContextFactoryName=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory log4j.appender.jms.ProviderURL=tcp://localhost:61616 log4j.appender.jms.TopicBindingName=logTopic log4j.appender.jms.TopicConnectionFactoryBindingName=ConnectionFactory
来看看JMSAppender的activeOptions方法,这个方法是用于使咱们在log4j.properties中的配置生效的:
/** * Options are activated and become effective only after calling this method. */ public void activateOptions() { TopicConnectionFactory topicConnectionFactory; try { Context jndi; LogLog.debug("Getting initial context."); if (initialContextFactoryName != null) { Properties env = new Properties(); env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, initialContextFactoryName); if (providerURL != null) { env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, providerURL); } else { LogLog.warn("You have set InitialContextFactoryName option but not the " + "ProviderURL. This is likely to cause problems."); } if (urlPkgPrefixes != null) { env.put(Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, urlPkgPrefixes); } if (securityPrincipalName != null) { env.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, securityPrincipalName); if (securityCredentials != null) { env.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, securityCredentials); } else { LogLog.warn("You have set SecurityPrincipalName option but not the " + "SecurityCredentials. This is likely to cause problems."); } } jndi = new InitialContext(env); } else { jndi = new InitialContext(); } LogLog.debug("Looking up [" + tcfBindingName + "]"); topicConnectionFactory = (TopicConnectionFactory) lookup(jndi, tcfBindingName); LogLog.debug("About to create TopicConnection."); ///////////////////////////////注意这里只会建立TopicConnection//////////////////////////// if (userName != null) { topicConnection = topicConnectionFactory.createTopicConnection(userName, password); } else { topicConnection = topicConnectionFactory.createTopicConnection(); } LogLog.debug("Creating TopicSession, non-transactional, " + "in AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE mode."); topicSession = topicConnection.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); LogLog.debug("Looking up topic name [" + topicBindingName + "]."); Topic topic = (Topic) lookup(jndi, topicBindingName); LogLog.debug("Creating TopicPublisher."); topicPublisher = topicSession.createPublisher(topic); LogLog.debug("Starting TopicConnection."); topicConnection.start(); jndi.close(); } catch (JMSException e) { errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE); } catch (NamingException e) { errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE); } catch (RuntimeException e) { errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE); } }
上面初始化了一个TopicConnection,一个TopicSession,一个TopicPublisher。我们再来看看这个Appender的append方法:
/** * This method called by {@link AppenderSkeleton#doAppend} method to do most * of the real appending work. */ public void append(LoggingEvent event) { if (!checkEntryConditions()) { return; } try { ObjectMessage msg = topicSession.createObjectMessage(); if (locationInfo) { event.getLocationInformation(); } msg.setObject(event); topicPublisher.publish(msg);///////////////注意这一句////////////// } catch (JMSException e) { errorHandler.error("Could not publish message in JMSAppender [" + name + "].", e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE); } catch (RuntimeException e) { errorHandler.error("Could not publish message in JMSAppender [" + name + "].", e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE); } }
这里使用TopicPublisher.publish()方法,把序列化的消息发布出去。可见这也证实了JMSAppender只支持以Topic方式发送消息。
样例下载:百度网盘
连接: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1pJF1ybx 密码: x5r6
参考:
http://activemq.apache.org/how-do-i-use-log4j-jms-appender-with-activemq.html