了解Java中的检查与未检查异常 - Understanding checked vs unchecked exceptions in Java

问题：

Joshua Bloch in " Effective Java " said that 约书亚·布洛赫（Joshua Bloch）在《 有效的Java 》中说

Use checked exceptions for recoverable conditions and runtime exceptions for programming errors (Item 58 in 2nd edition) 将检查的异经常使用于可恢复的条件，将运行时异经常使用于编程错误（第二版中的项目58）

Let's see if I understand this correctly. 让咱们看看我是否正确理解了这一点。

Here is my understanding of a checked exception: 这是我对检查异常的理解：

try{
    String userInput = //read in user input
    Long id = Long.parseLong(userInput);
}catch(NumberFormatException e){
    id = 0; //recover the situation by setting the id to 0
}

1. Is the above considered a checked exception? 1.以上是否被视为通过检查的异常？

2. Is RuntimeException an unchecked exception? 2. RuntimeException是未经检查的异常吗？

Here is my understanding of an unchecked exception: 这是我对未经检查的异常的理解：

try{
    File file = new File("my/file/path");
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);   
}catch(FileNotFoundException e){

//3. What should I do here?
    //Should I "throw new FileNotFoundException("File not found");"?
    //Should I log?
    //Or should I System.exit(0);?
}

4. Now, couldn't the above code also be a checked exception? 4.如今，上面的代码难道不是一个检查异常吗？ I can try to recover the situation like this? 我能够尝试恢复这种状况吗？ Can I? 我能够吗？ (Note: my 3rd question is inside the catch above) （注：个人第三个问题是，里面catch上）

try{
    String filePath = //read in from user input file path
    File file = new File(filePath);
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);   
}catch(FileNotFoundException e){
    //Kindly prompt the user an error message
    //Somehow ask the user to re-enter the file path.
}

5. Why do people do this? 5.人们为何这样作？

public void someMethod throws Exception{

}

Why do they let the exception bubble up? 为何他们让异常冒出来？ Isn't handling the error sooner better? 处理错误不是更好吗？ Why bubble up? 为何冒泡？

6. Should I bubble up the exact exception or mask it using Exception? 6.我应该冒充确切的异常仍是使用Exception屏蔽它？

Below are my readings 如下是个人读物

In Java, when should I create a checked exception, and when should it be a runtime exception? 在Java中，何时应该建立一个检查异常，何时应该是运行时异常？

When to choose checked and unchecked exceptions 什么时候选择已检查和未检查的异常

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解决方案：

参考一： https://stackoom.com/question/Pf1U/了解Java中的检查与未检查异常
参考二： https://oldbug.net/q/Pf1U/Understanding-checked-vs-unchecked-exceptions-in-Java