在生产环境中,须要隐藏Nginx
的版本号,以免安全漏洞的泄漏php
查看方法html
fiddler
工具在Windows
客户端查看Nginx
版本号CentOS
系统中使用"curl -I 网址”
命令查看Nginx
的配置文件中的server_ tokens
选项的值设置为off
[root@www conf]# vi nginx.conf ..... server_ tokens off; //关闭版本号 ..... [root@www conf]# nginx -t
curl -I
命令检测[root@www conf]# service nginx restart [root@www conf]# curl -| http://192.168.9.209/ HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx
php
配置文件中配置了fastcgi_param SERVER_ SOFTWARE
选项.php-fpm
配置文件,将fastcgi_param SERVER_ SOFTWARE
对应的值修改成
fastcgi_param SERVER_ SOFTWARE nginx
;[root@localhost nginx]# curl -I http://192.168.144.133/ //使用命令查看版本号 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 //显示版本号 Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2019 06:52:14 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 634 Last-Modified: Thu, 14 Nov 2019 06:24:32 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5dccf320-27a" Accept-Ranges: bytes [root@localhost nginx]# vim conf/nginx.conf //进入编辑配置文件 ...//省略部份内容... http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_tokens off; //添加条目关闭版本号 ...//省略部份内容... :wq [root@localhost nginx]# systemctl restart nginx.service [root@localhost nginx]# curl -I http://192.168.144.133 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx //版本号隐藏 Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2019 06:56:51 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 634 Last-Modified: Thu, 14 Nov 2019 06:24:32 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5dccf320-27a" Accept-Ranges: bytes
Nginx
源码文件/usr/src/nginx-1.12.0/src/core/nginx.h
包含了版本信息,能够随意设置从新编译安装,隐藏版本信息mysql
示例:nginx
#define NGINX_ VERSION“1.1.1" 修改版本号为1.1.1 #define NGINX VER "IIS/" 修改软件类型为IIS
curl -I
命令检测[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //编辑nginx配置文件 ...//省略部份内容... http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_tokens on; //打开上面设置的隐藏版本号条目 ...//省略部份内容... :wq [root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/nginx-1.12.2/src/core/ //到解压的源码包中更改版本号信息 [root@localhost core]# vim nginx.h #define nginx_version 1012002 #define NGINX_VERSION "1.1.1" //更改版本号 #define NGINX_VER "nginx/" NGINX_VERSION :wq [root@localhost core]# cd /optnginx-1.12.2/ [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module //从新配置nginx checking for OS + Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 x86_64 checking for C compiler ... found + using GNU C compiler + gcc version: 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) ...//省略部份内容... nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp" nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp" [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install //从新制做安装nginx [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# systemctl restart nginx.service //从新启动nginx服务 [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# curl -I http://192.168.144.133 //查看版本号 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.1.1 //版本号变动 Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2019 07:11:08 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 634 Last-Modified: Thu, 14 Nov 2019 06:24:32 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5dccf320-27a" Accept-Ranges: bytes
Nginx
运行时进程须要有用户与组的支持,以实现对网站文件读取时进行访问控制Nginx
默认使用nobody
用户帐号与组帐号,通常也要进行修改建立用户帐号与组帐号,如nginx
web
--user
与--group
指定Nginx
服务的运行用户与组帐号nginx
user
选项,指定用户帐号nginx
服务, 使配置生效ps aux
命令查看nginx
的进程信息,验证运行用户帐号改变效果[root@www conf]# vi nginx.conf user nginx nginx; [root@www conf]# service nginx restart [root@www conf]# ps aux | grep nginx root 130034 0.0 0.0 20220 620 ? Ss 19:41 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/sbin/nginx nginx 130035 0.0 0.0 20664 1512 ? S 19:41 0:00 nginx: worker process
Nginx
将网页数据返回给客户端后,可设置缓存的时间,以方便在往后进行相同内容的请求时直接返回,避免重复请求,加快了访问速度Windows
客户端中使用fiddler
查看网页缓存时间http
段、 或者server
段、 或者location
段加入对特定内容的过时参数location ~\.(gif|ipg|jepg|png|bmp|ico)$ { root html; expires 1d; }
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙 [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 //关闭加强性安全功能 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx.service //启动nginx服务 [root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep 80 //查看服务端口是否开启 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1684/nginx: master [root@localhost ~]# mkdir abc [root@localhost ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.10/lamp-c7 abc/ //将宿主机图片文件夹挂载到abc目录 Password for root@//192.168.100.10/lamp-c7: [root@localhost ~]# cd abc/ //进入abc目录 [root@localhost abc]# ls apr-1.6.2.tar.gz Discuz_X2.5_SC_UTF8.zip miao.jpg apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz error.png mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz awstats-7.6.tar.gz httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2 nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz cronolog-1.6.2-14.el7.x86_64.rpm LAMP-php5.6.txt php-5.6.11.tar.bz2 [root@localhost abc]# cp miao.jpg /usr/local/nginx/html/ //将图片复制到nginx服务站点 [root@localhost abc]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/ //进入站点目录 [root@localhost html]# ls 50x.html index.html miao.jpg [root@localhost html]# vim index.html //编辑网页内容 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <img src="miao.jpg"/> //添加图片 <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> :wq [root@localhost nginx]# vim conf/nginx.conf //编辑配置 ..//省略部份内容... events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ..//省略部份内容... # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # location ~\.(gif|jepg|jpg|ico|bmp|png)$ { //编辑缓存条目 root html; expires 1d; } } ..//省略部份内容... :wq [root@localhost nginx]# systemctl restart nginx.service //重启nginx服务
Keepalive_ timeoutsql
Client header_ timeoutvim
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ //进入nginx配置文件目录 [root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf //编辑配置文件 ...//省略部份内容... http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_tokens on; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65 180; //添加客户端超时时间180秒 client_header_timeout 80; //设置客户端头部超时时间 client_body_timeout 80; //设置客户端主题内容超时时间 #gzip on; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; ...//省略部份内容... :wq [root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart nginx.service //重启服务