1、Docker学习
基础指标：
(1)docker基础命令要掌握
(2)使用docker安装一个mysql
(3)将mysql datadir文件持久化
(4)并输出文档
安装Docker的先决条件：
1.运行64位CPU架构的计算机，Docker目前不支持32位CPU；
2.运行Linux3.8或更高版本内核；
3.内核必须支持一种适合的存储驱动’
4.内核必须支持并开启cgroup和命名空间功能
在Red Hat和Red Hat系发行版中安装Docker：
只有少数几个版本能够安装：RHEL(CentOS)6 或以上版本(64位)
一、检查前提条件
内核(3.8或更高版本)：html
[root@yt-mysql /]# uname -a Linux yt-mysql 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jul 29 17:46:05 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
二、检查Device Mapper
使用Device Mapper做为Docker的存储驱动，为Docker提供存储能力。python
[root@yt-mysql /]# ls -l /sys/class/misc/device-mapper/ total 0 -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 1 17:05 dev drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar 24 15:35 power lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 1 17:05 subsystem -> ../../../../class/misc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 1 17:05 uevent [root@yt-mysql /]# grep device-mapper /proc/devices 253 device-mapper
三、安装Docker
在RHEL 6和CentOS 6中安装EPELmysql
[root@DJ-Test ~]# rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm Retrieving http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.VwJkT5: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]
安装完EPEL后，就能够安装Docker了linux
[root@DJ-Test ~]# yum install docker-io
这里报了一个错误信息，具体表现为：git
[root@DJ-Test ~]# yum install docker-io Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Install Process No package docker-io available. Error: Nothing to do
这是因为YUM源的问题，因而咱们换一个YUM源来安装：redis
yum install https://get.docker.com/rpm/1.7.1/centos-6/RPMS/x86_64/docker-engine-1.7.1-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
最后显示安装成功。sql
Installed: docker-engine.x86_64 0:1.7.1-1.el6 Complete!
在RHEL 7中安装Dockerdocker
[root@yt-mysql /]# yum install -y docker
详细步骤文章最后会有涉及shell
'这里会本身安装所须要的的依赖包，一共14个，安装完成'
四、启动Docker守护进程
在RHEL 6中启动Docker守护进程：数据库
[root@DJ-Test ~]# service docker start
添加开机启动：
[root@DJ-Test ~]# service docker enable
在RHEL 7中启动Docker守护进程：
[root@yt-mysql ~]# systemctl start docker
添加开机启动：
[root@yt-mysql ~]# systemctl enable docker
检查Docker是否安装正确：
[
root@yt-mysql ~]# docker info Containers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 0 Server Version: 1.13.1 ...
至此，Docker已经安装成功。
在Docker中安装MySQL：
1.从Docker中检索MySQL镜像：
[root@DJ-Test ~]# docker search mysql NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 9330 [OK] mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M... 3337 [OK] mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea... 683 [OK] centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 73 mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. ... 66 centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li... 61 [OK] deitch/mysql-backup REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com... 41 [OK] bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 37 [OK] tutum/mysql Base docker image to run a MySQL database ... 34 schickling/mysql-backup-s3 Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic back... 29 [OK] prom/mysqld-exporter 27 [OK] linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to you by Linux... 25 circleci/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 19 centos/mysql-56-centos7 MySQL 5.6 SQL database server 19 mysql/mysql-router MySQL Router provides transparent routing ... 15 databack/mysql-backup Back up mysql databases to... anywhere! 13 arey/mysql-client Run a MySQL client from a docker container 13 [OK] openshift/mysql-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima... 6 genschsa/mysql-employees MySQL Employee Sample Database 5 [OK] fradelg/mysql-cron-backup MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron t... 5 [OK] devilbox/mysql Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offi... 2 ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL 2 [OK] jelastic/mysql An image of the MySQL database server main... 1 monasca/mysql-init A minimal decoupled init container for mysql 0 widdpim/mysql-client Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Cu... 0 [OK]
2.下载MySQL镜像(不指定版本默认为最新版本)
[root@DJ-Test ~]# docker pull mysql latest: Pulling from mysql 37ede510b7a3: Pull complete 3911f097fce2: Pull complete 34f70da8bdd8: Pull complete 6400f067c12a: Pull complete 009997ca3ce1: Pull complete 60827cd7c6fe: Pull complete 88cb07227133: Pull complete e6a0d8e90c19: Pull complete da3a8a134781: Pull complete d1e05cdd03f3: Pull complete 734f5753825a: Pull complete 91f6f7e6ee30: Pull complete 4ac2941e3fed: Pull complete cd20a0f89bb3: Pull complete 85380da382a8: Pull complete 7fcf40fcc536: Pull complete a120ff19d75b: Pull complete 3a9ab1281854: Pull complete c468355db8c6: Pull complete 2bb4afa2f4a0: Pull complete Digest: sha256:f6eaa1cdc8d9356628ab1813c8c9c809b83f97a177499f8f48590786662ffb84 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
3.查看本地镜像列表
[root@DJ-Test ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE mysql latest 2bb4afa2f4a0 35 hours ago 546.6 MB
4.启动 mysql 容器，并进入 shell 命令交互界面： docker run -it docker.io/mysql /bin/bash
[root@yt-mysql ~]# docker run -it docker.io/mysql /bin/bash root@9ac93568df15:/#mysql --version mysql Ver 8.0.19 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
5.运行容器并进入运行MySQL：
[root@yt-mysql ~]# docker run -d --name yutao-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 docker.io/mysql 04e32886d10f843f07456be469297e19ba5226afd76b694e901e1ee8d4a0ea7a [root@yt-mysql ~]# docker exec -it yutao-mysql /bin/bash root@04e32886d10f:/# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.19 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql>
这就已经进入了Docker容器的MySQL ，能够看到版本为8.0.19。可是这样建立的容器有两个问题，一是容器删除后，数据就丢失了，二是要访问数据库，必须进入到容器里面才能够。
6.持久化数据，映射开放MySQL端口：
(1)建立宿主机数据存放目录
[root@yt-mysql opt]# mkdir -p /opt/data/mysql
(2)启动容器
[root@yt-mysql opt]# docker run -d -v /opt/data/mysql/:/var/lib/mysql -p 3306:3306 --name yutao-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 docker.io/mysql dec3ef637194140c1860d3796f9a82651c4c7000403c7651e8765f2651627306 /usr/bin/docker-current: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint yutao-mysql (c2b29723576d6f955dc924689b02c658d0c01b238b0fa304b033fb8db653d6a3): Error starting userland proxy: listen tcp 0.0.0.0:3306: bind: address already in use.
--这里报错了，提示3306端口被占用，由于MySQL正在使用这个端口，因而我将它改成3307
[root@yt-mysql ~]# docker run -d -v /opt/data/mysql/:/var/lib/mysql -p 3307:3306 --name yutao-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 docker.io/mysql 5e1b807053e5f77205b6d6e325c894151a21ef745912004d9b12dcb1bf93b16d
--好了，启动成功
看一下相关信息：
[root@yt-mysql ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 5e1b807053e5 docker.io/mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp yutao-mysql [root@yt-mysql mysql]# ls /opt/data/mysql/ auto.cnf binlog.index client-cert.pem ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql.ibd public_key.pem sys binlog.000001 ca-key.pem client-key.pem ib_logfile0 #innodb_temp performance_schema server-cert.pem undo_001 binlog.000002 ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql private_key.pem server-key.pem undo_002
Docker安装MySQL并替换my.cnf：
先查看远端的MySQL版本并拉取下载 查看镜像，前边都执行了，这里就省略了
查看镜像：
[root@yt-mysql ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/mysql latest 9228ee8bac7a 2 days ago 547 MB
先建立一个临时的MySQL，进入容器内：
[root@yt-mysql ~]# docker run --rm --name mysqlTemp -it -v /usr/local/mysql/:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql /bin/bash root@03034135a5fb:/#
--rm 退出容器后会自行删除该容器，-it = -i -t 是一个交互模式，/bin/bash 是进入一个命令行模式
查看一下my.cnf文件：
root@03034135a5fb:/etc# cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf # Copyright (c) 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA # # The MySQL Server configuration file. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html [mysqld] pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql secure-file-priv= NULL # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Custom config should go here !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
拷贝配置文件： 把Docker中的/etc/mysql/my.cnf 文件拷贝到 /Docker 的 /var/lib/mysql 目录，及主机的 /usr/local/mysql 目录中
root@03034135a5fb:/etc# cp /etc/mysql/my.cnf /var/lib/mysql root@03034135a5fb:/etc/mysql# cp -R conf.d/ /var/lib/mysql/conf.d
退出bash，Docker中临时用的mysqlTemp会被删除，查看主机的/usr/local/mysql 目录下有mysql的全部配置文件
[root@yt-mysql mysql]# ls /usr/local/mysql/ bin conf.d COPYING docs include lib man my.cnf README share support-files
修改配置文件，而后建立正式的MySQL容器：
docker run --name yutao-mysql -p 3307:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -v /usr/local/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf -d docker.io/mysql
本文为做者原创，若须要转载请标明出处：https://www.cnblogs.com/qq1148932219/p/12626893.html
附：Docker安装详细过程
[root@yt-mysql /]# yum install -y docker Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors epel/x86_64/metalink | 7.1 kB 00:00:00 * base: mirrors.cn99.com * epel: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.cn99.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql57-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/5): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 95 kB 00:00:00 (2/5): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00 (3/5): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 165 kB 00:00:00 (4/5): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.8 MB 00:00:00 (5/5): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 7.6 MB 00:00:02 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package docker.x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: docker-common = 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos for package: 2:docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: docker-client = 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos for package: 2:docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates for package: 2:docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libseccomp.so.2()(64bit) for package: 2:docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package docker-client.x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos will be installed ---> Package docker-common.x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: skopeo-containers >= 1:0.1.26-2 for package: 2:docker-common-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: oci-umount >= 2:2.3.3-3 for package: 2:docker-common-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: oci-systemd-hook >= 1:0.1.4-9 for package: 2:docker-common-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: oci-register-machine >= 1:0-5.13 for package: 2:docker-common-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: container-storage-setup >= 0.9.0-1 for package: 2:docker-common-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: container-selinux >= 2:2.51-1 for package: 2:docker-common-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: atomic-registries for package: 2:docker-common-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 ---> Package libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates.x86_64 0:1.24.13-4.el7.centos will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package atomic-registries.x86_64 1:1.22.1-29.gitb507039.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-pytoml for package: 1:atomic-registries-1.22.1-29.gitb507039.el7.x86_64 ---> Package container-selinux.noarch 2:2.107-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package container-storage-setup.noarch 0:0.11.0-2.git5eaf76c.el7 will be installed ---> Package containers-common.x86_64 1:0.1.37-3.el7.centos will be installed ---> Package oci-register-machine.x86_64 1:0-6.git2b44233.el7 will be installed ---> Package oci-systemd-hook.x86_64 1:0.2.0-1.git05e6923.el7_6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libyajl.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:oci-systemd-hook-0.2.0-1.git05e6923.el7_6.x86_64 ---> Package oci-umount.x86_64 2:2.5-3.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-pytoml.noarch 0:0.1.14-1.git7dea353.el7 will be installed ---> Package yajl.x86_64 0:2.0.4-4.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================================= Installing: docker x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos extras 18 M Installing for dependencies: atomic-registries x86_64 1:1.22.1-29.gitb507039.el7 extras 35 k container-selinux noarch 2:2.107-3.el7 extras 39 k container-storage-setup noarch 0.11.0-2.git5eaf76c.el7 extras 35 k containers-common x86_64 1:0.1.37-3.el7.centos extras 21 k docker-client x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos extras 3.9 M docker-common x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos extras 98 k libseccomp x86_64 2.3.1-3.el7 base 56 k oci-register-machine x86_64 1:0-6.git2b44233.el7 extras 1.1 M oci-systemd-hook x86_64 1:0.2.0-1.git05e6923.el7_6 extras 34 k oci-umount x86_64 2:2.5-3.el7 extras 33 k python-pytoml noarch 0.1.14-1.git7dea353.el7 extras 18 k subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates x86_64 1.24.13-4.el7.centos updates 228 k yajl x86_64 2.0.4-4.el7 base 39 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package (+13 Dependent packages) Total download size: 23 M Installed size: 81 M Downloading packages: (1/14): container-selinux-2.107-3.el7.noarch.rpm | 39 kB 00:00:00 (2/14): atomic-registries-1.22.1-29.gitb507039.el7.x86_64.rpm | 35 kB 00:00:00 (3/14): containers-common-0.1.37-3.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 21 kB 00:00:00 (4/14): container-storage-setup-0.11.0-2.git5eaf76c.el7.noarch.rpm | 35 kB 00:00:00 (5/14): docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 18 MB 00:00:02 (6/14): docker-client-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 3.9 MB 00:00:02 (7/14): docker-common-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 98 kB 00:00:00 (8/14): oci-umount-2.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 33 kB 00:00:00 (9/14): python-pytoml-0.1.14-1.git7dea353.el7.noarch.rpm | 18 kB 00:00:00 (10/14): oci-register-machine-0-6.git2b44233.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:00:00 (11/14): oci-systemd-hook-0.2.0-1.git05e6923.el7_6.x86_64.rpm | 34 kB 00:00:00 (12/14): libseccomp-2.3.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 56 kB 00:00:00 (13/14): subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates-1.24.13-4.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 228 kB 00:00:00 (14/14): yajl-2.0.4-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 39 kB 00:00:00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 8.1 MB/s | 23 MB 00:00:02 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : yajl-2.0.4-4.el7.x86_64 1/14 Installing : 2:oci-umount-2.5-3.el7.x86_64 2/14 Installing : 1:oci-systemd-hook-0.2.0-1.git05e6923.el7_6.x86_64 3/14 Installing : python-pytoml-0.1.14-1.git7dea353.el7.noarch 4/14 Installing : 1:atomic-registries-1.22.1-29.gitb507039.el7.x86_64 5/14 Installing : 2:container-selinux-2.107-3.el7.noarch 6/14 setsebool: SELinux is disabled. Installing : libseccomp-2.3.1-3.el7.x86_64 7/14 Installing : subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates-1.24.13-4.el7.centos.x86_64 8/14 Installing : 1:containers-common-0.1.37-3.el7.centos.x86_64 9/14 Installing : 1:oci-register-machine-0-6.git2b44233.el7.x86_64 10/14 Installing : container-storage-setup-0.11.0-2.git5eaf76c.el7.noarch 11/14 Installing : 2:docker-common-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 12/14 Installing : 2:docker-client-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 13/14 Installing : 2:docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 14/14 Verifying : 2:oci-umount-2.5-3.el7.x86_64 1/14 Verifying : 1:oci-systemd-hook-0.2.0-1.git05e6923.el7_6.x86_64 2/14 Verifying : container-storage-setup-0.11.0-2.git5eaf76c.el7.noarch 3/14 Verifying : 1:oci-register-machine-0-6.git2b44233.el7.x86_64 4/14 Verifying : 1:containers-common-0.1.37-3.el7.centos.x86_64 5/14 Verifying : subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates-1.24.13-4.el7.centos.x86_64 6/14 Verifying : libseccomp-2.3.1-3.el7.x86_64 7/14 Verifying : 2:docker-client-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 8/14 Verifying : 2:container-selinux-2.107-3.el7.noarch 9/14 Verifying : yajl-2.0.4-4.el7.x86_64 10/14 Verifying : python-pytoml-0.1.14-1.git7dea353.el7.noarch 11/14 Verifying : 1:atomic-registries-1.22.1-29.gitb507039.el7.x86_64 12/14 Verifying : 2:docker-common-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 13/14 Verifying : 2:docker-1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos.x86_64 14/14 Installed: docker.x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos Dependency Installed: atomic-registries.x86_64 1:1.22.1-29.gitb507039.el7 container-selinux.noarch 2:2.107-3.el7 container-storage-setup.noarch 0:0.11.0-2.git5eaf76c.el7 containers-common.x86_64 1:0.1.37-3.el7.centos docker-client.x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos docker-common.x86_64 2:1.13.1-109.gitcccb291.el7.centos libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-3.el7 oci-register-machine.x86_64 1:0-6.git2b44233.el7 oci-systemd-hook.x86_64 1:0.2.0-1.git05e6923.el7_6 oci-umount.x86_64 2:2.5-3.el7 python-pytoml.noarch 0:0.1.14-1.git7dea353.el7 subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates.x86_64 0:1.24.13-4.el7.centos yajl.x86_64 0:2.0.4-4.el7 Complete!