前言:上篇文章 HBase Filter 过滤器概述对HBase过滤器的组成及其家谱进行简单介绍,本篇文章主要对HBase过滤器之比较器做一个补充介绍,也算是HBase Filter学习的必备低阶魂技吧。本篇文中源码基于HBase 1.1.2.2.6.5.0-292 HDP版本。
HBase全部的比较器实现类都继承于父类ByteArrayComparable,而ByteArrayComparable又实现了Comparable接口;不一样功能的比较器差异在于对父类compareTo()方法的重写逻辑不一样。正则表达式
下面分别对HBase Filter默认实现的七大比较器一一进行介绍。数组
介绍:二进制比较器,用于按字典顺序比较指定字节数组。微信
先看一个小例子:less
public class BinaryComparatorDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { BinaryComparator bc = new BinaryComparator(Bytes.toBytes("bbb")); int code1 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbb"), 0, 3); System.out.println(code1); // 0 int code2 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("aaa"), 0, 3); System.out.println(code2); // 1 int code3 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("ccc"), 0, 3); System.out.println(code3); // -1 int code4 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbf"), 0, 3); System.out.println(code4); // -4 int code5 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbbedf"), 0, 6); System.out.println(code5); // -3 } }
不难看出,该比较器的比较规则以下:函数
看一下以上规则对应其compareTo()方法的源码实现:
实现一:学习
static enum UnsafeComparer implements Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> { INSTANCE; .... public int compareTo(byte[] buffer1, int offset1, int length1, byte[] buffer2, int offset2, int length2) { if (buffer1 == buffer2 && offset1 == offset2 && length1 == length2) { return 0; } else { int minLength = Math.min(length1, length2); int minWords = minLength / 8; long offset1Adj = (long)(offset1 + BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET); long offset2Adj = (long)(offset2 + BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET); int j = minWords << 3; int offset; for(offset = 0; offset < j; offset += 8) { long lw = theUnsafe.getLong(buffer1, offset1Adj + (long)offset); long rw = theUnsafe.getLong(buffer2, offset2Adj + (long)offset); long diff = lw ^ rw; if (diff != 0L) { return lessThanUnsignedLong(lw, rw) ? -1 : 1; } } offset = j; int b; int a; if (minLength - j >= 4) { a = theUnsafe.getInt(buffer1, offset1Adj + (long)j); b = theUnsafe.getInt(buffer2, offset2Adj + (long)j); if (a != b) { return lessThanUnsignedInt(a, b) ? -1 : 1; } offset = j + 4; } if (minLength - offset >= 2) { short sl = theUnsafe.getShort(buffer1, offset1Adj + (long)offset); short sr = theUnsafe.getShort(buffer2, offset2Adj + (long)offset); if (sl != sr) { return lessThanUnsignedShort(sl, sr) ? -1 : 1; } offset += 2; } if (minLength - offset == 1) { a = buffer1[offset1 + offset] & 255; b = buffer2[offset2 + offset] & 255; if (a != b) { return a - b; } } return length1 - length2; } }
实现二:优化
static enum PureJavaComparer implements Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> { INSTANCE; private PureJavaComparer() { } public int compareTo(byte[] buffer1, int offset1, int length1, byte[] buffer2, int offset2, int length2) { if (buffer1 == buffer2 && offset1 == offset2 && length1 == length2) { return 0; } else { int end1 = offset1 + length1; int end2 = offset2 + length2; int i = offset1; for(int j = offset2; i < end1 && j < end2; ++j) { int a = buffer1[i] & 255; int b = buffer2[j] & 255; if (a != b) { return a - b; } ++i; } return length1 - length2; } } }
实现一是对实现二的一个优化,都引自Bytes类,HBase优先执行实现一方案,若是有异常再执行实现二方案。以下:this
public static int compareTo(byte[] buffer1, int offset1, int length1, byte[] buffer2, int offset2, int length2) { return Bytes.LexicographicalComparerHolder.BEST_COMPARER.compareTo(buffer1, offset1, length1, buffer2, offset2, length2); } ... ... static final String UNSAFE_COMPARER_NAME = Bytes.LexicographicalComparerHolder.class.getName() + "$UnsafeComparer"; static final Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> BEST_COMPARER = getBestComparer(); static Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> getBestComparer() { try { Class<?> theClass = Class.forName(UNSAFE_COMPARER_NAME); Bytes.Comparer<byte[]> comparer = (Bytes.Comparer)theClass.getEnumConstants()[0]; return comparer; } catch (Throwable var2) { return Bytes.lexicographicalComparerJavaImpl(); } }
介绍:二进制比较器,只比较前缀是否与指定字节数组相同。spa
先看一个小例子:code
public class BinaryPrefixComparatorDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { BinaryPrefixComparator bc = new BinaryPrefixComparator(Bytes.toBytes("b")); int code1 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbb"), 0, 3); System.out.println(code1); // 0 int code2 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("aaa"), 0, 3); System.out.println(code2); // 1 int code3 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("ccc"), 0, 3); System.out.println(code3); // -1 int code4 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbf"), 0, 3); System.out.println(code4); // 0 int code5 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bbbedf"), 0, 6); System.out.println(code5); // 0 int code6 = bc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("ebbedf"), 0, 6); System.out.println(code6); // -3 } }
该比较器只是基于BinaryComparator比较器稍做更改而已,如下代码一目了然:
public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) { return Bytes.compareTo(this.value, 0, this.value.length, value, offset, this.value.length <= length ? this.value.length : length); }
看一下同BinaryComparator方法的异同:
public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) { return Bytes.compareTo(this.value, 0, this.value.length, value, offset, length); }
区别只在于最后一个传参,即length=min(this.value.length,value.length),取小。这样在后面的字节逐位比较时,即只需比较min length次。
介绍:位比价器,经过BitwiseOp提供的AND(与)、OR(或)、NOT(非)进行比较。返回结果要么为1要么为0,仅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。
先看一个小例子:
public class BitComparatorDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { // 长度相同按位或比较:由低位起逐位比较,每一位按位或比较都为0,则返回1,不然返回0。 BitComparator bc1 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{0,0,0,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.OR); int i = bc1.compareTo(new byte[]{0,0,0,0}, 0, 4); System.out.println(i); // 1 // 长度相同按位与比较:由低位起逐位比较,每一位按位与比较都为0,则返回1,不然返回0。 BitComparator bc2 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.AND); int j = bc2.compareTo(new byte[]{0,1,0,1}, 0, 4); System.out.println(j); // 1 // 长度相同按位异或比较:由低位起逐位比较,每一位按位异或比较都为0,则返回1,不然返回0。 BitComparator bc3 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.XOR); int x = bc3.compareTo(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, 0, 4); System.out.println(x); // 1 // 长度不一样,返回1,不然按位比较 BitComparator bc4 = new BitComparator(new byte[]{1,0,1,0}, BitComparator.BitwiseOp.XOR); int y = bc4.compareTo(new byte[]{1,0,1}, 0, 3); System.out.println(y); // 1 } }
上述注释阐述的规则,对应如下代码:
···
public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
if (length != this.value.length) { return 1; } else { int b = 0; for(int i = length - 1; i >= 0 && b == 0; --i) { switch(this.bitOperator) { case AND: b = this.value[i] & value[i + offset] & 255; break; case OR: b = (this.value[i] | value[i + offset]) & 255; break; case XOR: b = (this.value[i] ^ value[i + offset]) & 255; } } return b == 0 ? 1 : 0; }
}
···
核心思想就是:由低位起逐位比较,直到b!=0退出循环。
介绍:Long 型专用比较器,返回值:0 -1 1。上篇概述没有提到,这里补上。
先看一个小例子:
public class LongComparatorDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { LongComparator longComparator = new LongComparator(1000L); int i = longComparator.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(1000L), 0, 8); System.out.println(i); // 0 int i2 = longComparator.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(1001L), 0, 8); System.out.println(i2); // -1 int i3 = longComparator.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(998L), 0, 8); System.out.println(i3); // 1 } }
这个比较器实现至关简单,很少说了,以下:
public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) { Long that = Bytes.toLong(value, offset, length); return this.longValue.compareTo(that); }
介绍:控制比较式,判断当前值是否是为null。是null返回0,不是null返回1,仅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。
先看一个小例子:
public class NullComparatorDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { NullComparator nc = new NullComparator(); int i1 = nc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("abc")); int i2 = nc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("")); int i3 = nc.compareTo(null); System.out.println(i1); // 1 System.out.println(i2); // 1 System.out.println(i3); // 0 } }
这个比较器实现至关简单,很少说了,以下:
public int compareTo(byte[] value) { return value != null ? 1 : 0; }
介绍:提供一个正则的比较器,支持正则表达式的值比较,仅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。匹配成功返回0,匹配失败返回1。
先看一个小例子:
public class RegexStringComparatorDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { RegexStringComparator rsc = new RegexStringComparator("abc"); int abc = rsc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("abcd"), 0, 3); System.out.println(abc); // 0 int bcd = rsc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("bcd"), 0, 3); System.out.println(bcd); // 1 String check = "^([a-z0-9A-Z]+[-|\\.]?)+[a-z0-9A-Z]@([a-z0-9A-Z]+(-[a-z0-9A-Z]+)?\\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}$"; RegexStringComparator rsc2 = new RegexStringComparator(check); int code = rsc2.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("zpb@163.com"), 0, "zpb@163.com".length()); System.out.println(code); // 0 int code2 = rsc2.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes("zpb#163.com"), 0, "zpb#163.com".length()); System.out.println(code2); // 1 } }
其compareTo()方法有两种引擎实现,对应两套正则匹配规则,分别是JAVA版和JONI版(面向JRuby),默认为RegexStringComparator.EngineType.JAVA。以下:
public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) { return this.engine.compareTo(value, offset, length); } public static enum EngineType { JAVA, JONI; private EngineType() { } }
具体实现都很简单,都是调用正则语法匹配。如下是JAVA EngineType 实现:
public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) { String tmp; if (length < value.length / 2) { tmp = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset + length), this.charset); } else { tmp = new String(value, offset, length, this.charset); } return this.pattern.matcher(tmp).find() ? 0 : 1; }
JONI EngineType 实现:
public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) { Matcher m = this.pattern.matcher(value); return m.search(offset, length, this.pattern.getOptions()) < 0 ? 1 : 0; }
都很容易理解,很少说了。
介绍:判断提供的子串是否出如今value中,而且不区分大小写。包含字串返回0,不包含返回1,仅支持 EQUAL 和非 EQUAL。
先看一个小例子:
public class SubstringComparatorDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { String value = "aslfjllkabcxxljsl"; SubstringComparator sc = new SubstringComparator("abc"); int i = sc.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(value), 0, value.length()); System.out.println(i); // 0 SubstringComparator sc2 = new SubstringComparator("abd"); int i2 = sc2.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(value), 0, value.length()); System.out.println(i2); // 1 SubstringComparator sc3 = new SubstringComparator("ABC"); int i3 = sc3.compareTo(Bytes.toBytes(value), 0, value.length()); System.out.println(i3); // 0 } }
这个比较器实现也至关简单,很少说了,以下:
public int compareTo(byte[] value, int offset, int length) { return Bytes.toString(value, offset, length).toLowerCase().contains(this.substr) ? 0 : 1; }
到此,七种比较器就介绍完了。若是对源码不敢兴趣,也建议必定要看看文中的小例子,熟悉下每种比较器的构造函数及结果输出。后续在使用HBase过滤器的过程当中,会常常用到。固然除了这七种比较器,你们也能够自定义比较器。
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