github:https://github.com/Ccww-lx/Sp... 模块:spring-boot-starter-base-web
html
Web
开发是开发中相当重要的一部分, Web
开发的核心内容主要包括内嵌Servlet
容器和Spring MVC
。更重要的是,Spring Boot
`为web开发提供了快捷便利的方式进行开发,使用依赖jar:
spring-boot-starter-web,提供了嵌入式服务器
Tomcat以及
Spring MVC的依赖,且自动配置
web相关配置,可查看
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web`。git
Web
相关的核心功能:github
Thymeleaf
模板引擎Web
相关配置Tomcat
配置Favicon
配置 Spring Boot
提供了大量模板引擎, 包含括FreeMarker
、Groovy
、 Thymeleaf
、 Velocity和Mustache
, Spring Boot
中推荐
使用Thymeleaf
做为模板引擎, 由于Thymeleaf
提供了完美的Spring MVC
的支持。 web
在Spring Boot
的org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf
包下实现自动配置,以下所示:spring
ThymeleafAutoConfiguration
源码:tomcat
@Configuration @EnableConfigurationProperties(ThymeleafProperties.class) @ConditionalOnClass({ TemplateMode.class, SpringTemplateEngine.class }) @AutoConfigureAfter({ WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class, WebFluxAutoConfiguration.class }) public class ThymeleafAutoConfiguration { //配置TemplateResolver @Configuration @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "defaultTemplateResolver") static class DefaultTemplateResolverConfiguration { ... } //配置TemplateEngine @Configuration protected static class ThymeleafDefaultConfiguration { ... } //配置SpringWebFluxTemplateEngine @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET) @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.thymeleaf.enabled", matchIfMissing = true) static class ThymeleafWebMvcConfiguration { ... } //配置thymeleafViewResolver @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.REACTIVE) @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.thymeleaf.enabled", matchIfMissing = true) static class ThymeleafWebFluxConfiguration { ... } ... }
ThymeleafAutoConfiguration
自动加载Web
所需的TemplateResolver
、TemplateEngine
、SpringWebFluxTemplateEngine
以及thymeleafViewResolver
,并经过ThymeleafProperties
进行Thymeleaf
属性配置。详细细节查看官方源码。服务器
ThymeleafProperties
源码:app
//读取application.properties配置文件的属性 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf") public class ThymeleafProperties { private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = StandardCharsets.UTF_8; public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/"; public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html"; /** *Web模板文件前缀路径属性,Spring boot默认路径为classpath:/templates/ */ private String prefix = DEFAULT_PREFIX; /** * Web模板文件后缀属性,默认为html */ private String suffix = DEFAULT_SUFFIX; /** * Web模板模式属性,默认为HTML */ private String mode = "HTML"; /** * Web模板文件编码属性,默认为UTF_8 */ private Charset encoding = DEFAULT_ENCODING; .... }
能够从ThymeleafProperties
中看出,Thymeleaf
的默认设置,以及能够经过前缀为spring.thymeleaf
属性修改Thymeleaf
默认配置。ide
1).根据默认Thymeleaf
配置,在src/main/resources/
下,建立static
文件夹存放脚本样式静态文件以及templates
文件夹存放后缀为html的页面,以下所示:spring-boot
2)index.html页面
<!DOCTYPE html> <!-- 导入xmlns: th=http://www.thymeleaf.org命名空间 --> <html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>首面详细</title> </head> <body> <div class="user" align="center" width="400px" height="400px"> message:<span th:text="${user.message}"/><br/> 用户名:<span th:text="${user.username}"/><br/> 密码:<span th:text="${user.password}"/> </div> </body> </html>
3).controller
配置:
@Controller public class LoginController { @Autowired private LoginService loginService; /** * 将首页设置为登录页面login.html * @return */ @RequestMapping("/") public String startIndex() { return "login"; } /** * 登录验证 * @param username * @param password * @param model * @return */ @RequestMapping("/login") public String login(@RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestParam("password") String password, Model model) { UserDTO userDTO = loginService.login(username, password); model.addAttribute("user", userDTO); return "index"; } }
web
相关配置根据WebMvcAutoConfiguration
以及WebMvcProperties
理解Spring Boot
提供的自动配置原理。
ViewResolver
以及静态资源Spring boot
自动配置ViewResolver
:
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
(最高优先级Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE
)BeanNameViewResolver
InternalResourceViewResolver
静态资源:
addResourceHandlers
方法默认定义了/static
、 /public
、 /resources
和/METAINF/resources
文件夹下的静态文件直接映射为/**
addFormatters
方法会自动加载Converter
、GenericConverter
以及Formatter
的实现类、并注册到Spring MVC中,所以自定义类型转换器只需继承其三个接口便可。
自定义Formatter
:
/** * 将格式为 ccww:ccww88转为UserDTO * * @Auther: ccww * @Date: 2019/10/4 16:25 * @Description: */ public class StringToUserConverter implements Converter<String, UserDTO> { @Nullable public UserDTO convert(String s) { UserDTO userDTO = new UserDTO(); if (StringUtils.isEmpty(s)) return userDTO; String[] item = s.split(":"); userDTO.setUsername(item[0]); userDTO.setPassword(item[1]); return userDTO; } }
HttpMessageConverters
(HTTP request
(请求)和response
(响应)的转换器)configureMessageConverters
方法自动配置HttpMessageConverters:
public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) { this.messageConvertersProvider.ifAvailable((customConverters) -> converters .addAll(customConverters.getConverters())); }
经过加载由HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration
定义的HttpMessageConverters
,会自动注册一系列HttpMessage Converter
类,好比Spring MVC
默认:
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter
StringHttpMessageConverter
ResourceHttpMessageConverter
SourceHttpMessageConverter
AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter
自定义HttpMessageConverters
,只须要在自定义的HttpMessageConverters
的Bean
注册自定义HttpMessageConverter
便可。
以下:
注册自定义的HttpMessageConverter
:
@Configuration public class CustomHttpMessageConverterConfig { @Bean public HttpMessageConverters converter(){ HttpMessageConverter<?> userJsonHttpMessageConverter=new UserJsonHttpMessageConverter(); return new HttpMessageConverters(userJsonHttpMessageConverter); } }
自定义HttpMessageConverter
:
public class UserJsonHttpMessageConverter extends AbstractHttpMessageConverter<UserDTO> { private static Charset DEFUALT_ENCODE=Charset.forName("UTF-8"); public UserJsonHttpMessageConverter(){ super(new MediaType("application", "xxx-ccww", DEFUALT_ENCODE)); } protected boolean supports(Class aClass) { return UserDTO.class == aClass; } protected UserDTO readInternal(Class aClass, HttpInputMessage httpInputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException { String message = StreamUtils.copyToString(httpInputMessage.getBody(), DEFUALT_ENCODE); String[] messages = message.split("-"); UserDTO userDTO = new UserDTO(); userDTO.setUsername(messages[0]); userDTO.setMessage(messages[1]); return userDTO; } protected void writeInternal(UserDTO userDTO, HttpOutputMessage httpOutputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException { String out = "ccww: " + userDTO.getUsername() + "-" + userDTO.getMessage(); httpOutputMessage.getBody().write(out.getBytes()); } }
同理,能够将Servlet、Filter以及Listener相对于的注册便可。
自定义的MVC配置类上加@EnableWebMvc
将废弃到Spring boot
默认配置,彻底由本身去控制MVC
配置,但一般是Springboot
默认配置+所需的额外MVC
配置,只须要配置类继承WebMvcConfigurerAdapter
便可
Tomcat
配置可使用两种方式进行Tomcat
配置属性
application.properties
配置属性便可,Tomcat
是以"server.tomcat
"为前缀的特有配置属性,通用的是以"server
"做为前缀;WebServerFactoryCustomizer
接口自定义属性配置类便可,同理其余服务器实现对应的接口便可。application.properties
配置属性:
#通用Servlet容器配置 server.port=8888 #tomcat容器配置 #配置Tomcat编码, 默认为UTF-8 server.tomcat.uri-encoding = UTF-8 # Tomcat是否开启压缩, 默认为关闭off server.tomcat.compression=off
实现WebServerFactoryCustomizer
接口自定义:
/** * 配置tomcat属性 * @Auther: ccww * @Date: 2019/10/5 23:22 * @Description: */ @Component public class CustomTomcatServletContainer implements WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory> { public void customize(ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory configurableServletWebServerFactory) { ((TomcatServletWebServerFactory)configurableServletWebServerFactory).addConnectorCustomizers(new TomcatConnectorCustomizer() { public void customize(Connector connector) { Http11NioProtocol protocol = (Http11NioProtocol) connector.getProtocolHandler(); protocol.setMaxConnections(200); protocol.setMaxThreads(200); protocol.setSelectorTimeout(3000); protocol.setSessionTimeout(3000); protocol.setConnectionTimeout(3000); protocol.setPort(8888); } }); } }
替换spring boot
默认Servle
t容器tomcat
,直接在依赖中排除,并导入相应的Servlet
容器依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starterweb</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-startertomcat</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starterjetty</artifactId> </dependency
Favicon
自定义Favicon
只须要则只需将本身的favicon.ico
( 文件名不能变更) 文件放置在类路径根目录、 类路径META-INF/resources/
下、 类路径resources/
下、 类路径static/
下或类路径public/
下。
最后可关注公众号:【ccww笔记】 一块儿学习,天天会分享干货,还有学习视频领取!