Linux主机mysql数据库安装以及初始化

1.下载安装包

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/  下载对应的软件包

2.解压至主机指定目录

#tar xf mysql-8.0.19-el7-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/

3.重命名目录名

#cd /usr/local/
#mv mysql-8.0.19-el7-x86_64/  mysql

4.建立系统用户mysql，并设置密码

#useradd -r mysql
#passwd mysql

5.给mysql目录文件受权

#cd /usr/local
#chown -R mysql: mysql/

6.建立mysql data目录

#mkdir -pv /data/mysql
    #chown -R mysql: /data/mysql

7.初始化MySQL数据库，并记住初始的mysql root用户密码

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld  --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

root@localhost: %!P=h1GxrXzr（从屏幕中获取）

8.修改系统配置文件

#cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
#touch my-default.cnf
#cp my-default.cnf  /etc/my.cnf

编辑my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

9.配置mysql 自启动服务

#cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld

#vim /etc/init.d/mysql     （修改下列两行）
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql

#chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
#chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

10.设置环境变量

有两种方式，第一种在/etc/profile.d/中添加一个文件
#vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
. /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh    #生效环境变量

第二种在/etc/profile中进行配置
vi /etc/profile
PATH=/data/mysql/bin:/data/mysql/lib:$PATH
source /etc/profile

11.主机登陆mysql数据库：

#mysql -h localhost -u root -p
输入上一步的密码

修改mysql root密码，不修改初始密码，则没法对库进行操做
mysql>alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';

设置mysql root用户能够远程登陆mysql库
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> select host,user from user;
mysql>update user set host='%' where user='root';
mysql>flush privileges;

mysql>  select host,user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| %         | root             |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

12.使用Navicat远程登陆mysql