channel用于字节缓冲区和位于通道另外一侧的实体(一般是一个文件或套接字)之间有效的传输数据。
通道时一种途径,经过这种途径,能够用最小的总开销来访问操做系统自己的IO服务,缓冲区则是通道内部用于发送和接受数据的断点。java
顶层接口Channel,次级接口WritableByteChannel、ReadableByteChannel、InterruptibleChannel等。描述通道行为的接口在java.nio.channels包中定义,具体的通道实现都是从java.nio.channels.spi中的类引伸来的。git
IO能够分为广义的两大类:File IO和Stream IO,对应File通道和Socket通道。体如今FileChannel类和三个socket通道类:SocketChannel、ServerSocketChannel和DatagramChannel。
代码以下:github
//打开SocketChannel SocketChannel sc = SocketChannel.open( ); sc.connect (new InetSocketAddress("somehost", port)); //打开ServerSocketChannel ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open( ); ssc.socket( ).bind (new InetSocketAddress (port)); DatagramChannel dc = DatagramChannel.open( ); //FileChannel只能经过 RandomAccessFile、FileInputStream 或 FileOutputStream 对象上调用 getChannel( )方法来获取 RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile ("somefile", "r"); FileChannel fc = raf.getChannel( );
利用通道,从控制台接收输入,并在控制台打印出接收的输入。代码以下:web
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //一个读通道,一个写通道 ReadableByteChannel source = Channels.newChannel(System.in); WritableByteChannel dest = Channels.newChannel(System.out); channelCopy(source,dest); source.close(); dest.close(); } private static void channelCopy(ReadableByteChannel source, WritableByteChannel dest) throws IOException{ ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(16 * 1024); ByteBuffer flag = ByteBuffer.allocate(4); while (source.read(byteBuffer) != -1) { byteBuffer.flip(); //输出标记 flag.put((byte)'-').put((byte)'-').put((byte)'-').put((byte) '>'); flag.flip(); dest.write(flag); dest.write(byteBuffer); flag.clear(); byteBuffer.compact(); } byteBuffer.flip(); //确保缓冲区排干净 while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) { flag.putChar('-').putChar('-').putChar('-'); flag.flip(); dest.write(byteBuffer); flag.clear(); } }
测试输入输出以下:spring
与缓冲区不一样,通道不能重复利用,打开通道即表明与一个特定的IO服务的特定连接并封装该连接的状态,通道关闭时,链接丢失,通道不在链接任何东西。
调用close方法时,可能致使线程暂时阻塞,关闭的通道上调用close方法不会产生任何操做,只会当即返回。能够经过isOpen方法判断通道状态。
若是一个线程被中断,那么这个线程访问的通道将当即关闭,这也是为程序健壮性而采用的一种权衡。数组
在多个缓冲区实现一个简单的IO操做:
对于write,数据是从几个缓冲区按顺序抽取(gather)并沿着通道发送。该gather过程,比如所有缓冲区内容被链接起来,并在发送前存放到一个大的缓冲区。
对于read,从通道读取的数据会被按顺序散布(scatter)到多个缓冲区,将每一个缓冲区填满直至通道中的数据或缓冲区的空间被消耗完。
接口定义以下, 其中read和write入参时Buffer数组:浏览器
public interface ScatteringByteChannel extends ReadableByteChannel { public long read (ByteBuffer [] dsts) throws IOException; public long read (ByteBuffer [] dsts, int offset, int length) throws IOException; } public interface GatheringByteChannel extends WritableByteChannel { public long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs) throws IOException; public long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs, int offset, int length) throws IOException; }
具体来说FileChannel,接口以下:安全
public abstract class FileChannel extends AbstractInterruptibleChannel implements SeekableByteChannel, GatheringByteChannel, ScatteringByteChannel
FileChannel 对象是线程安全(thread-safe)的.
对于文件IO,最强大之处在于异步IO,它容许一个进程能够从操做系统请求一个或多个IO操做而没必要等待这些操做完成。springboot
public static void write(String filePath) throws Exception { /*写文件,使用FileOutputStream,RandomAccessFile均可以。*/ /* RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(filePath,"rw");*/ FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(new File(filePath)); ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(500); String str = "hello LK"; /*数据写入缓冲区*/ byteBuffer.put(str.getBytes()); byteBuffer.flip(); FileChannel fileChannel = file.getChannel(); //将缓冲区数据写入文件通道 fileChannel.write(byteBuffer); byteBuffer.clear(); fileChannel.close(); }
public static void read(String filePath) throws Exception { FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(filePath)); /*一个FileChannel对象却只能经过 在一个打开的RandomAccessFile、FileInputStream或FileOutputStream对象上调用getChannel()方法来获取, 开发者不能直接建立一个FileChannel*/ FileChannel fileChannel = fileInputStream.getChannel(); ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(500); //将文件channel读入缓冲区 fileChannel.read(byteBuffer); byteBuffer.flip(); while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()){ System.out.print((char)byteBuffer.get()); } byteBuffer.clear(); fileChannel.close(); }
新的Socket通道类能够运行非阻塞模式,而且是可选择的
。借助新的NIO类,一个或几个线程能够管理成百上千的活动socket链接,而且只有不多的性能顺势。
所有 socket 通道类(DatagramChannel、SocketChannel 和 ServerSocketChannel)都是由位于java.nio.channels.spi 包中的AbstractSelectableChannel
引伸而来。
DatagramChannel 和 SocketChannel 实现定义读和写功能的接口而 ServerSocketChannel 不实现。ServerSocketChannel 负责监听传入的链接和建立新的SocketChannel 对象,它自己从不传 输数据。服务器
启动一个ServerSocketChannel,监听8001端口,非阻塞模式。启动10个SocketChannel线程向ServerSocketChannel写数据。
ServerSocketChannel代码以下:
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open(); /*非阻塞*/ serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false); serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port)); System.out.println("ServerSocketChannel is OK,waiting @[" + LocalDateTime.now() + "]"); for (; ; ) { SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept(); if (socketChannel == null) { Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println("ServerSocketChannel sleep 1000ms."); continue; } String connectIP = socketChannel.socket().getRemoteSocketAddress().toString(); System.out.println("客户端已有数据到来,客户端ip为:" + connectIP + ", 时间为" + LocalDateTime.now()); ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024); socketChannel.read(byteBuffer); byteBuffer.flip(); while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) { System.out.print((char) byteBuffer.get()); } socketChannel.close(); } }
启动10个SocketCHannel代码以下:
private static final int port = 8001; public static void main(String[] args) { for (int i=0;i<10;i++) { new SocketChannelImpl(port,i).start(); } } private static class SocketChannelImpl extends Thread { private int count = 0; private int port; public SocketChannelImpl(int port,int count){ this.port = port; this.count = count; } @Override public void run() { try { SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open(); /*非阻塞*/ socketChannel.configureBlocking(false); socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(port)); for (;!socketChannel.finishConnect();) { System.out.println("connectting...."); Thread.sleep(50); } ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024); String content = "hello, i am client--------->" + count; byteBuffer.put(content.getBytes()); byteBuffer.flip(); socketChannel.write(byteBuffer); byteBuffer.clear(); socketChannel.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
运行结果以下:
补充下:
ServerSocketChannel监听的是8001端口,你能够在浏览器,输入:http://localhost:8001/helloworld,你会发现你的ServerSocketChannel也是能够收到数据了,这也web服务器处理的基础了。
以上,了解了基本的通道操做,文件通道和socket通道的使用示例,我以为点个赞,不过度=。=
以上全部代码示例,能够fork这里:github
以上来自天团运营总监:坤少