Django+Xadmin打造在线教育系统(九)

xadmin的进阶开发

因版本问题.有些配置可能无效

自定义icon

xadmin的图标采用的是第三方css样式font awesome,咱们能够进官网下载最新的样式替代本来的，下载地址：http://www.fontawesome.com.cn/

下载完后把里面的“css”和“fonts”两个文件夹拷贝到xadmin的源码（路径：xadmin/static/vendor/font-awesome）里面
使用model_icon来进行修改

# Course的admin管理器
class CourseAdmin(object):
    '''课程'''

    list_display = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'detail', 'degree', 'students']
    list_filter = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']
    model_icon = 'fa fa-book'

默认排序、只读字段和不显示的字段

课程：

• 按点击数倒序排序
• 点击数不能编辑
• 不显示收藏人数

# Course的admin管理器
class CourseAdmin(object):
    '''课程'''

    list_display = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']   #显示的字段
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'detail', 'degree', 'students']             #搜索
    list_filter = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']    #过滤 
    model_icon = 'fa fa-book'            #图标
    ordering = ['-click_nums']           #排序
    readonly_fields = ['click_nums']     #只读字段，不能编辑
    exclude = ['fav_nums']               #不显示的字段

下拉框搜索

写在外键所指的adminx配置中

relfield_style = 'fk-ajax'

当有外键指向他，会以ajax方式加载
数据量过大时颇有用

inlines添加数据

目前在添加课程的时候无法添加章节和课程资源，咱们能够用inlines去实现这一功能

class LessonInline(object):
    model = Lesson
    extra = 0


class CourseResourceInline(object):
    model = CourseResource
    extra = 0


# 在CourseAdmin中使用inlines添加上面两个的方法
class CourseAdmin(object):
    inlines = [LessonInline,CourseResourceInline]    #增长章节和课程资源

一张表分两个Model来管理

课程里面分为轮播课程和不是轮播课程两种类型，咱们能够分开来管理
在course/models.py里面新建一个Model

class BannerCourse(Course):
    '''显示轮播课程'''
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '轮播课程'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        #这里必须设置proxy=True，这样就不会再生成一张表，同时还具备Model的功能
        proxy = True

course/adminx.py

class CourseAdmin(object):
    '''课程'''

    list_display = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']   #显示的字段
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'detail', 'degree', 'students']             #搜索
    list_filter = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']    #过滤
    model_icon = 'fa fa-book'            #图标
    ordering = ['-click_nums']           #排序
    readonly_fields = ['click_nums']     #只读字段
    exclude = ['fav_nums']               #不显示的字段
    inlines = [LessonInline,CourseResourceInline]    #增长章节和课程资源

    def queryset(self):
        # 重载queryset方法，来过滤出咱们想要的数据的
        qs = super(CourseAdmin, self).queryset()
        # 只显示is_banner=True的课程
        qs = qs.filter(is_banner=False)
        return qs


class BannerCourseAdmin(object):
    '''轮播课程'''

    list_display = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'detail', 'degree', 'students']
    list_filter = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']
    model_icon = 'fa fa-book'
    ordering = ['-click_nums']
    readonly_fields = ['click_nums']
    exclude = ['fav_nums']
    inlines = [LessonInline,CourseResourceInline]

    def queryset(self):
        #重载queryset方法，来过滤出咱们想要的数据的
        qs = super(BannerCourseAdmin, self).queryset()
        #只显示is_banner=True的课程
        qs = qs.filter(is_banner=True)
        return qs

# 将管理器与model进行注册关联
xadmin.site.register(Course, CourseAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(BannerCourse, BannerCourseAdmin)

xadmin的其它常见功能

能够在列表上快速修改内容

list_editable = [ 'degree','desc']

自定义函数做为列

def get_zj_nums(self):
    return self.lesson_set.all().count()
get_zj_nums.short_description = "章节数"

显示自定义的html代码

def go_to(self):
    from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
    # 若是不mark safe。会对其进行转义
    return  mark_safe("<a href='http://iceflower.xyz'>跳转</>")
go_to.short_description = "跳转"

refresh定时刷新工具

refresh_times = [3,5]           #自动刷新（里面是秒数）

字段联动
应用场景：当添加一门课程的时候，但愿课程机构里面的课程数 +1
重写xadmin的save_models方法

def save_models(self):
      # 在保存课程的时候统计课程机构的课程数
      # 字段联动
      obj = self.new_obj
      # 新增课程尚未保存，统计的课程数少一个
      obj.save()
      # 必须肯定存在。
      if obj.course_org is not None:
          # obj实际是一个course对象
          course_org = obj.course_org
          course_org.course_nums = Course.objects.filter(course_org = course_org).count()
          course_org.save()

xadmin自行探究

• local 语言包
• migration 数据表的记录
• plugins 每个后台页面都是一个plugin 插件机制
• static文件。js css
• template xadmin本身用到的html文件
• 对django admin的封装

增长富文本编辑器Ueditor

下载地址 https://github.com/twz915/DjangoUeditor3/
解压后，把DjangoUeditor文件夹拷贝到项目目录下面

# settings中添加app

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'DjangoUeditor',
]

　# 富文本编辑器url
    path('ueditor/',include('DjangoUeditor.urls' )),

course/models.py中Course修改detail字段

class Course(models.Model):
    # detail = models.TextField("课程详情")
    detail = UEditorField(verbose_name=u'课程详情', width=600, height=300, imagePath="courses/ueditor/",
                          filePath="courses/ueditor/", default='')

xadmin/plugs目录下新建ueditor.py文件，代码以下

import xadmin
from xadmin.views import BaseAdminPlugin, CreateAdminView, ModelFormAdminView, UpdateAdminView
from DjangoUeditor.models import UEditorField
from DjangoUeditor.widgets import UEditorWidget
from django.conf import settings


class XadminUEditorWidget(UEditorWidget):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.ueditor_options = kwargs
        self.Media.js = None
        super(XadminUEditorWidget,self).__init__(kwargs)


class UeditorPlugin(BaseAdminPlugin):

    def get_field_style(self, attrs, db_field, style, **kwargs):
        if style == 'ueditor':
            if isinstance(db_field, UEditorField):
                widget = db_field.formfield().widget
                param = {}
                param.update(widget.ueditor_settings)
                param.update(widget.attrs)
                return {'widget':XadminUEditorWidget(**param)}
        return attrs

    def block_extrahead(self, context, nodes):
        js  = '<script type="text/javascript" src="%s"></script>' %(settings.STATIC_URL + "ueditor/ueditor.config.js")
        js += '<script type="text/javascript" src="%s"></script>' %(settings.STATIC_URL + "ueditor/ueditor.all.min.js")
        nodes.append(js)

xadmin.site.register_plugin(UeditorPlugin, UpdateAdminView)
xadmin.site.register_plugin(UeditorPlugin, CreateAdminView)

xadmin/plugs/__init__.py里面添加ueditor插件

PLUGINS = (
   'ueditor',
)

course/adminx.py中使用

class CourseAdmin(object):
    #detail就是要显示为富文本的字段名
    style_fields = {"detail": "ueditor"}

在模板中必须关闭Django的自动转义才能正常显示

<div class="tab_cont tab_cont1">
         {% autoescape off %}
         {{ course.detail }}
         {% endautoescape %}
     </div>

或者

{{ course.detail|safe }}

导入excel

• 如何注入导入excel代码到菜单
• 如何只在课程列表显示
• 如何接收文件对文件进行处理

新建xadmin/plugins/excel.py

import xadmin
from xadmin.views import BaseAdminPlugin, ListAdminView
from django.template import loader


#excel 导入
class ListImportExcelPlugin(BaseAdminPlugin):
    import_excel = False

    def init_request(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return bool(self.import_excel)

    def block_top_toolbar(self, context, nodes):
        nodes.append(loader.render_to_string('xadmin/excel/model_list.top_toolbar.import.html', context=get_context_dict(context)))


xadmin.site.register_plugin(ListImportExcelPlugin, ListAdminView)

添加到__init__.py文件中

PLUGINS = (
   'excel',
)

新建xadmin/templates/xadmin/excel/model_list.top_toolbar.import.html

{% load i18n %}
    <div class="btn-group export">
      <a class="dropdown-toggle btn btn-default btn-sm" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
        <i class="icon-share"></i> 导入 <span class="caret"></span>
      </a>
      <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel">
          <li><a data-toggle="modal" data-target="#export-modal-import-excel"><i class="icon-circle-arrow-down"></i> 导入 Excel</a></li>
      </ul>
        <script>
            function fileChange(target){
    //检测上传文件的类型
                var imgName = document.all.submit_upload.value;
                var ext,idx;
                if (imgName == ''){
                    document.all.submit_upload_b.disabled=true;
                    alert("请选择须要上传的 xls 文件!");
                    return;
                } else {
                    idx = imgName.lastIndexOf(".");
                    if (idx != -1){
                        ext = imgName.substr(idx+1).toUpperCase();
                        ext = ext.toLowerCase( );
    {#                    alert("ext="+ext);#}
                        if (ext != 'xls' && ext != 'xlsx'){
                            document.all.submit_upload_b.disabled=true;
                            alert("只能上传 .xls 类型的文件!");

                            return;
                        }
                    } else {
                        document.all.submit_upload_b.disabled=true;
                        alert("只能上传 .xls 类型的文件!");
                        return;
                    }
                }

            }
        </script>
        <div id="export-modal-import-excel" class="modal fade">
          <div class="modal-dialog">
            <div class="modal-content">
              <form method="post" action="" enctype="multipart/form-data">
                  {% csrf_token %}
              <div class="modal-header">
                <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">&times;</button>
                <h4 class="modal-title">导入 Excel</h4>
              </div>
              <div class="modal-body">
                   <input type="file" onchange="fileChange(this)" name="excel" id="submit_upload">

              </div>
              <div class="modal-footer">
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">{% trans "Close" %}</button>
                <button class="btn btn-success" type="submit" id="submit_upload_b"><i class="icon-share"></i> 导入</button>
              </div>
              </form>
            </div><!-- /.modal-content -->
          </div><!-- /.modal-dalog -->
        </div><!-- /.modal -->

    </div>

只须要在adminx中设置变量import_excel=True就能够开启导入按钮
在adminx中重写post方法,将文件内容保存到数据中

def post(self, request, *args , **kwargs):
    if 'excel' in request.FILES:
        pass

# 中间pass步骤无论作什么事情，都要最后return父类的

return super(CourseAdmin, self).post(request, args, kwargs)