"软件"一词,最先于1953年,在Richard R. Carhart
记录的Rand公司的研究备忘录中能够看到。git
Carhart, Richard (1953). A survey of the current status of the electronic reliability problem (PDF). Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation. p. 69. It will be recalled from Sec. 1.6 that the term personnel was defined to include people who come into direct contact with the hardware, from production to field use, i.e., people who assemble, inspect, pack, ship, handle, install, operate and maintain electronic equipment. In any of these phases personnel failures may result in unoperational gear. As with the hardware factors, there is almost no quantitative data concerning these software or human factors in reliability: How many faults are caused by personnel, why they occur, and what can be done to remove the errors.github
"软件工程"一词,则是由Margaret Hamilton
在NASA参与阿波罗11号的软件研发中提出的。编程
Git是一个开源的分布式版本控制系统,用以有效、高速的处理从很小到很是大的项目版本管理。分布式相比于集中式的最大区别在于开发者能够提交到本地,每一个开发者经过克隆(git clone),在本地机器上拷贝一个完整的Git仓库。electron
Mercurial 是一种轻量级分布式版本控制系统,采用 Python 语言实现,易于学习和使用,扩展性强。其是基于 GNU General Public License (GPL) 受权的开源项目。分布式
GitHub是一个开源代码库,拥有140多万开发者用户。随着愈来愈多的应用程序转移到了云上,Github已经成为了管理软件开发以及发现已有代码的首选方法。单元测试
BitBucket 是一家源代码托管网站,采用Mercurial和Git做为分布式版本控制系统,同时提供商业计划和免费帐户。它和github的一个区别就是能够无限制的建立免费私有团队(固然有人数限制)。学习
(未完待续)测试