维基百科:
WebSocket是一种在单个TCP链接上进行全双工通讯的协议。WebSocket通讯协议于2011年被IETF定为标准RFC 6455,并由RFC7936补充规范。WebSocket API也被W3C定为标准。javascript
WebSocket使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单,容许服务端主动向客户端推送数据。在WebSocket API中,浏览器和服务器只须要完成一次握手,二者之间就直接能够建立持久性的链接,并进行双向数据传输。html
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>8</source> <target>8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> <version>4.1.25.Final</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler; import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup; import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame; import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor; import java.time.LocalDateTime; /** * @author: Tu9ohost * 处理消息的handler * TextWebSocketFrame: 在netty中,是用于为websocket专门处理文本的对象,frame是消息的载体 */ public class ChatHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> { // 用于记录和管理全部客户端的channle private static ChannelGroup clients = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE); @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception { // 获取客户端传输过来的消息 String content = msg.text(); System.out.println("接受到的数据:" + content); // for (Channel channel: clients) { // channel.writeAndFlush( // new TextWebSocketFrame( // "[服务器在]" + LocalDateTime.now() // + "接受到消息, 消息为:" + content)); // } // 下面这个方法,和上面的for循环,一致 clients.writeAndFlush( new TextWebSocketFrame( "[服务器在]" + LocalDateTime.now() + "接受到消息, 消息为:" + content)); } /** * 当客户端链接服务端以后(打开链接) * 获取客户端的channle,而且放到ChannelGroup中去进行管理 */ @Override public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { clients.add(ctx.channel()); } @Override public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { // 当触发handlerRemoved,ChannelGroup会自动移除对应客户端的channel // clients.remove(ctx.channel()); System.out.println("客户端断开,channle对应的长id为:" + ctx.channel().id().asLongText()); System.out.println("客户端断开,channle对应的短id为:" + ctx.channel().id().asShortText()); } }
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler; import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler; /** * @author: Tu9ohost */ public class WSServerInitiazer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); // websocket 基于http协议,因此要有http编解码器 pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec()); // 对写大数据流的支持 pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler()); // 对httpMessage进行聚合,聚合成FullHttpRequest或FullHttpResponse // 几乎在netty中的编程,都会使用到此hanler pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1024*64)); // ====================== 以上是用于支持http协议 ====================== // ====================== 如下是支持httpWebsocket ====================== /** * websocket 服务器处理的协议,用于指定给客户端链接访问的路由 : /ws * 本handler会帮你处理一些繁重的复杂的事 * 会帮你处理握手动做: handshaking(close, ping, pong) ping + pong = 心跳 * 对于websocket来说,都是以frames进行传输的,不一样的数据类型对应的frames也不一样 */ pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws")); // 自定义的handler pipeline.addLast(new ChatHandler()); } }
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; /** * @author: Tu9ohost */ public class WSServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup mainGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup subGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap server = new ServerBootstrap(); server.group(mainGroup, subGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new WSServerInitiazer()); // 定义了端口为8088 ChannelFuture future = server.bind(8088).sync(); future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { mainGroup.shutdownGracefully(); subGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title></title> </head> <body> <div>发送消息:</div> <input type="text" id="msgContent"/> <input type="button" value="点我发送" onclick="CHAT.chat()"/> <div>接受消息:</div> <div id="receiveMsg" style="background-color: gainsboro;"></div> <script type="application/javascript"> window.CHAT = { socket: null, init: function() { if (window.WebSocket) { CHAT.socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8088/ws"); CHAT.socket.onopen = function() { console.log("链接创建成功..."); }, CHAT.socket.onclose = function() { console.log("链接关闭..."); }, CHAT.socket.onerror = function() { console.log("发生错误..."); }, CHAT.socket.onmessage = function(e) { console.log("接受到消息:" + e.data); var receiveMsg = document.getElementById("receiveMsg"); var html = receiveMsg.innerHTML; receiveMsg.innerHTML = html + "<br/>" + e.data; } } else { alert("浏览器不支持websocket协议..."); } }, chat: function() { var msg = document.getElementById("msgContent"); CHAT.socket.send(msg.value); } }; CHAT.init(); </script> </body> </html>
首先运行主方法,再打开界面,按F12,会显式连接创建成功
java
随意编写,再点击点我发送
web
服务端显式
apache
关闭界面窗口,则会显式断开连接id
编程