[BFS]正向BFS+hash解决八码问题

八数码问题，能够用单向广搜、双向广搜、A*、IDA等多种方法求解。具体能够参考：八数码的八境界html Descriptionnode The 15-puzzle has been around for over 100 years; even if you don't know it by that name, you've seen it. It is constructed with 15

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