python爬虫入门--urllib

一，抓百度网页对象，输出网页内容

from urllib import request 
req = request.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com")
print(req.read().decode("utf-8"))

1,其中from urllib import request，这个再cmd中检查是否安装，直接输入from urllib import request，若是没安装则输入：pip install urllib

2,req.read().decode("utf-8"),读取网页对象内容，以utf-8编码读取

 

二，模拟真实浏览器

from urllib import request 
resq = request.Request("http://www.baidu.com");
resq.add_header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; Nexus 5 Build/MRA58N) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.84 Mobile Safari/537.36")
req = request.urlopen(resq)
print(req.read().decode("utf-8"))

这样作是由于有些网站会不让爬虫，因此咱们要模拟真实的的请求。

 

 

三，发送post请求

1，导包 from urllib import parse

from urllib import request 
from urllib import parse

resq = request.Request("http://www.thsrc.com.tw/tw/TimeTable/SearchResult");
resq.add_header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; Nexus 5 Build/MRA58N) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.84 Mobile Safari/537.36")
resq.add_header("Origin","http://www.thsrc.com.tw")
postDate = parse.urlencode([
        ("StartStation","2f940836-cedc-41ef-8e28-c2336ac8fe68"),
        ("EndStation","977abb69-413a-4ccf-a109-0272c24fd490"),
        ("SearchDate","2017/12/09"),
        ("SearchTime","21:30"),
        ("SearchWay","DepartureInMandarin")
        ]);
req = request.urlopen(resq,data=postDate.encode("utf-8"))
print(req.read().decode("utf-8"))

2，模拟请求台湾高铁，获取高铁班次信息。