Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 与 CentOS 7 中默认的网络服务由 NetworkManager 提供，这是动态控制及配置网络的守护进程，它用于保持当前网络设备及链接处于工做状态，同时也支持传统的 ifcfg 类型的配置文件。bash
NetworkManager 能够用于如下类型的链接：Ethernet，VLANS，Bridges，Bonds，Teams，Wi-Fi，mobile boradband（如移动3G）以及 IP-over-InfiniBand。针对与这些网络类型，NetworkManager 能够配置他们的网络别名，IP 地址，静态路由，DNS，×××链接以及不少其它的特殊参数。网络
能够用命令行工具 nmcli 来控制 NetworkManager。ide
在CentOS / RHEL 7中网络管理命令行工具，也叫nmcli。常常使用ifconfig的用户应该在CentOS 7中避免使用ifconfig了。nmcli的功能要强大、复杂的多。工具
## 使用语法oop
[root@CentOS7 ~]# nmcli helpui
Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }this
| OPTIONS | |
| -t[erse] | terse output(简洁的输出) |
| -p[retty] | pretty output(所有输出) |
| -m[ode] tabular|multiline | output mode(输出模式 可选 tabular、multiline) |
| -f[ields] <field1,field2,...>|all| | common specify fields to output(指定输出字段) |
| -e[scape] yes|no | escape columns separators in values(在值中转义列分隔符) |
| -n[ocheck] | don't check nmcli and NetworkManager versions(不要检查nmcli和网络管理器版本) |
| -a[sk] | ask for missing parameters(找失踪的参数) |
| -w[ait] <seconds> | set timeout waiting for finishing operations(设置超时等待完成操做) |
| -v[ersion] | show program version(显示程序版本) |
| -h[elp] | print this help(打印帮助) |
| OBJECT | |
| g[eneral] | NetworkManager's general status and operations(网络管理器的通常状态和操做) |
| n[etworking] | overall networking control(总体网络控制) |
| r[adio] | NetworkManager radio switches(使用无线网络) |
| c[onnection] | NetworkManager's connections(使用其余网络) |
| d[evice] | devices managed by NetworkManager(网络设备管理) |
OBJECT和COMMAND能够用全称也能够用简称，最少能够只用一个字母，建议用头三个字母。spa
OBJECT里面咱们平时用的最多的就是connection和device，这里须要简单区分一下connection和device。命令行
如connection能够简写为con；3d
device可简写为dev。
device - 指网络接口，物理网卡
connection - 指链接，偏重于逻辑设置
多个connection能够应用到同一个device，但同一时间只能启用其中一个connection。
这样的好处是针对一个网络接口，咱们能够设置多个网络链接，好比静态IP和动态IP，再根据须要up相应的connection。
要获得系统中全部接口的地址信息
## 查看设备信息
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:93:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.140/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eno16777736 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:93f4/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever ## 查看当前设备 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection show NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE eno123 7b3f7a19-0f5e-4bb1-85ab-ac77d5b46f88 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
获得特定链接的详情
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection show eno16777736 connection.id: eno16777736 connection.uuid: 13756690-ac77-b776-4fc1-f5535cee6f16 connection.stable-id: -- connection.interface-name: eno16777736 connection.type: 802-3-ethernet connection.autoconnect: yes connection.autoconnect-priority: 0 connection.timestamp: 1513912633 connection.read-only: no connection.permissions: connection.zone: -- connection.master: -- connection.slave-type: -- connection.autoconnect-slaves: -1 (default) connection.secondaries: connection.gateway-ping-timeout: 0 connection.metered: unknown connection.lldp: -1 (default) 802-3-ethernet.port: -- 802-3-ethernet.speed: 0 802-3-ethernet.duplex: -- 802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate: yes 802-3-ethernet.mac-address: -- 802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address: -- 802-3-ethernet.generate-mac-address-mask:-- 802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist: 802-3-ethernet.mtu: auto 802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels: 802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype: -- 802-3-ethernet.s390-options: 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan: 1 (default) 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan-password: -- ipv4.method: manual ipv4.dns: ipv4.dns-search: ipv4.dns-options: (default) ipv4.dns-priority: 0 ipv4.addresses: 192.168.10.140/24 ipv4.gateway: 192.168.10.2 ipv4.routes: ipv4.route-metric: -1 ipv4.ignore-auto-routes: no ipv4.ignore-auto-dns: no ipv4.dhcp-client-id: -- ipv4.dhcp-timeout: 0 ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname: yes ipv4.dhcp-hostname: -- ipv4.dhcp-fqdn: -- ipv4.never-default: no ipv4.may-fail: no ipv4.dad-timeout: -1 (default) ipv6.method: auto ipv6.dns: ipv6.dns-search: ipv6.dns-options: (default) ipv6.dns-priority: 0 ipv6.addresses: ipv6.gateway: -- ipv6.routes: ipv6.route-metric: -1 ipv6.ignore-auto-routes: no ipv6.ignore-auto-dns: no ipv6.never-default: no ipv6.may-fail: yes ipv6.ip6-privacy: -1 (unknown) ipv6.addr-gen-mode: eui64 ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname: yes ipv6.dhcp-hostname: -- ipv6.token: -- GENERAL.NAME: eno16777736 GENERAL.UUID: 13756690-ac77-b776-4fc1-f5535cee6f16 GENERAL.DEVICES: eno16777736 GENERAL.STATE: activated GENERAL.DEFAULT: yes GENERAL.DEFAULT6: no GENERAL.×××: no GENERAL.ZONE: -- GENERAL.DBUS-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5 GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/1 GENERAL.SPEC-OBJECT: / GENERAL.MASTER-PATH: -- IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.10.140/24 IP4.GATEWAY: 192.168.10.2 IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:93f4/64 IP6.GATEWAY:
获得网络设备状态
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device status DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION eno16777736 ethernet connected eno16777736 lo loopback unmanaged --
配置新链接
## 使用“dhcp”建立新的链接 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add con-name "enodhcp" type ethernet ifname eno16777736 Connection 'enodhcp' (edd1525f-9c81-49bb-b98a-e76ad1314ab5) successfully added. connection add – 添加新的链接 con-name "enodhcp" – 链接名(可自定义) type – 设备类型 ifname – 接口名(指定网卡名称) ## 不经过dhcp分配IP，使用“static”添加地址 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add con-name "enostatic" ifname eno16777736 autoconnect no type ethernet ip4 192.168.10.145 gw4 192.168.10.2 Connection 'enostatic' (8e69d847-03d7-47c7-8623-bb112f5cc842) successfully added. connection add – 添加新的链接 con-name "enostatic" – 链接名(可自定义) type ethernet – 设备类型 ifname – 接口名(指定网卡名称) ip4 - IP地址 gw4 - 网关 ## 更新链接；这里若是你是用终端链接的话更新以后，当前终端会被卡死。断开从新用新的IP地址链接就能够 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up enostatic Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5) ## 再查看网卡信息，IP地址已经改变 [root@localhost ~]# ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:93:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.145/32 brd 192.168.10.145 scope global eno16777736 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::c7f7:1818:2ffc:f9ea/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever ## 查看路由配置，这样能够直观的看到链接信息。 [root@localhost ~]# ip route default via 192.168.10.140 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100 192.168.10.140/24 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.145 metric 100 ## 添加DNS设置到静态链接中 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify "enostatic" ipv4.dns 114.114.114.114 ## 增长更多的DNS;由于是新添加额外的dns，全部在使用"+"号(+ipv4.dns),而不是ip4.dns。增长IP同理 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify "enostatic" +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ## 添加一个额外的ip地址 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify "enostatic" +ipv4.addresses 192.168.10.146/24