借助Code Splitting 提高单页面应用性能

近日的工做集中于一个单页面应用(Single-page application),在项目中尝试了闻名已久的Code splitting,收获极大,特此分享。javascript

Why we need code splitting

SPA的客户端路由极大的减小了Server 与 Client端之间的Round trip,在此基础上,咱们还能够借助Server Side Rendering 砍掉客户端的初次页面渲染时间(这里是SSR实现的参考连接:ReactAngular2).
仍然有一个问题广泛存在着:随着应用复杂度/规模的增长,应用初始所加载的文件大小也随之增长。咱们能够经过将文件分割成按需加载的chunks来解决这一问题,对于初始页面,只请求他所用到的模块的相关文件,等咱们进入新的路由,或者使用到一些复杂的功能模块时,才加载与之相关的chunk。
借助于webpackreact-router(目前个人应用是基于React开发的),咱们能够快速实现这些按需加载的chunks。html

webpack

Webpack是很是火的一个module bundler,这里是一个很好的入门参考连接。
咱们能够借助代码中定义split point以建立按需加载的chunk。
使用require.ensure(dependencies, callback)能够加载 CommonJs modules, 使用require(dependencies, callback)加载 AMD modules。webpack会在build过程当中检测到这些split points,建立chunks。java

React router

React router 是一个基于React且很是流行的客户端路由库。
咱们能以plain JavaScript object或者declaratively的形式定义客户端路由。
Plain JavaScript way:react

let myRoute = {
  path: `${some path}`,
  childRoutes: [
    RouteA,
    RouteB,
    RouteC,
  ]
}

declaratively way:webpack

const routes = (
  <Route component={Component}>
    <Route path="pathA" component={ComponentA}/>
    <Route path="pathB" component={ComponentB}/>
  </Route>
)

React router 能够实现代码的lazy load, 而咱们正好能够把split points 定义在这些lazy load code中(参考连接)。git

Code Splitting implement

below is a demo of create two on demand loaded chunks, chunk A will load once when enter rootUrl/A, chunk B will load once when enter rootUrl/B.
接下来的代码就是建立按需加载的chunks的例子,chunk A 只有当进入rootUrl/A才会加载,chunk B 只有当进入rootUrl/B才会加载。
routesgithub

/* ---            RootRoute            --- */
...
import RouteA from './RouteA'
import RouteB from './RouteB'

export default {
  path: '/',
  component: App,
  childRoutes: [
    RouteA,
    RouteB,
  ],
  indexRoute: {
    component: Index
  }
}

/* ---              RouteA              --- */
...
export default {
  path: 'A',
  getComponent(location, cb) {
    require.ensure([], (require) => {
      cb(null, require(`${PathOfRelatedComponent}`))
    }, 'chunkA')
  }
}

/* ---              RouteB              --- */
...
export default {
  path: 'B',
  getComponent(location, cb) {
    require.ensure([], (require) => {
      cb(null, require(`${PathOfRelatedComponent}`))
    }, 'chunkB')
  }
}

client side code for client side renderweb

...
import { match, Router } from 'react-router'

const { pathname, search, hash } = window.location
const location = `${pathname}${search}${hash}`

//use match to trigger the split code to load before rendering.
match({ routes, location }, () => {
  render(
    <Router routes={routes} history={createHistory()} />,
      document.getElementById('app')
  )
})

server code for server side renderingreact-router

...
app.createServer((req, res) => {
  match({ routes, location: req.url }, (error, redirectLocation, renderProps) => {
    if (error)
      writeError('ERROR!', res)
    else if (redirectLocation)
      redirect(redirectLocation, res)
    else if (renderProps)
      renderApp(renderProps, res)
    else
      writeNotFound(res)
}).listen(PORT)

function renderApp(props, res) {
  const markup = renderToString(<RoutingContext {...props}/>)
  const html = createPage(markup)
  write(html, 'text/html', res)
}

export function createPage(html) {
  return `
  <!doctype html>
  <html>
    <head>
      <meta charset="utf-8"/>
      <title>My Universal App</title>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div id="app">${html}</div>
      <script src="/__build__/main.js"></script>
    </body>
  </html>
  `
}

实现中可能会遇到的坑

取决于你是如何写本身的模块的,你可能会遇到这个错误:React.createElement: type should not be null, undefined, boolean, or number. It should be a string (for DOM elements) or a ReactClass (for composite components). Check the render method of RoutingContext.require()以后加一个.default便可。
若是你收到了这样的错误提示:require.ensure is not function, 增长一个polyfill便可: if (typeof require.ensure !== 'function') require.ensure = (d, c) => c(require),在Server端使用require来代替require.ensure.app

谢谢,但愿能指正个人错误!

最后附一张目前项目的chunks图: