Apache Commons包含了不少开源的工具,用于解决平时编程常常会遇到的问题,减小重复劳动。我选了一些比较经常使用的项目作简单介绍。文中用了不少网上现成的东西,我只是作了一个汇总整理。html
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/beanutils/index.htmljava
说明:针对Bean的一个工具集。因为Bean每每是有一堆get和set组成,因此BeanUtils也是在此基础上进行一些包装。数据库
使用示例:功能有不少,网站上有详细介绍。一个比较经常使用的功能是Bean Copy,也就是copy bean的属性。若是作分层架构开发的话就会用到,好比从PO(Persistent Object)拷贝数据到VO(Value Object)。apache
传统方法以下:编程
//获得TeacherForm TeacherForm teacherForm=(TeacherForm)form; //构造Teacher对象 Teacher teacher=new Teacher(); //赋值 teacher.setName(teacherForm.getName()); teacher.setAge(teacherForm.getAge()); teacher.setGender(teacherForm.getGender()); teacher.setMajor(teacherForm.getMajor()); teacher.setDepartment(teacherForm.getDepartment()); //持久化Teacher对象到数据库 HibernateDAO= ; HibernateDAO.save(teacher);
使用BeanUtils后,代码就大大改观了,以下所示:网络
//获得TeacherForm TeacherForm teacherForm=(TeacherForm)form; //构造Teacher对象 Teacher teacher=new Teacher(); //赋值 BeanUtils.copyProperties(teacher,teacherForm); //持久化Teacher对象到数据库 HibernateDAO= ; HibernateDAO.save(teacher);
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/cli/index.html架构
说明:这是一个处理命令的工具。好比main方法输入的string[]须要解析。你能够预先定义好参数的规则,而后就能够调用CLI来解析。app
使用示例:dom
// create Options object Options options = new Options(); // add t option, option is the command parameter, false indicates that // this parameter is not required. options.addOption(“t”, false, “display current time”); options.addOption("c", true, "country code"); CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser(); CommandLine cmd = parser.parse( options, args); if(cmd.hasOption("t")) { // print the date and time }else { // print the date } // get c option value String countryCode = cmd.getOptionValue("c"); if(countryCode == null) { // print default date }else { // print date for country specified by countryCode }
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/codec/index.htmljsp
说明:这个工具是用来编码和解码的,包括Base64,URL,Soundx等等。用这个工具的人应该很清楚这些,我就很少介绍了。
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/collections/
说明:你能够把这个工具当作是java.util的扩展。
使用示例:举一个简单的例子
OrderedMap map = new LinkedMap(); map.put("FIVE", "5"); map.put("SIX", "6"); map.put("SEVEN", "7"); map.firstKey(); // returns "FIVE" map.nextKey("FIVE"); // returns "SIX" map.nextKey("SIX"); // returns "SEVEN"
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/configuration/
说明:这个工具是用来帮助处理配置文件的,支持不少种存储方式
1. Properties files
2. XML documents
3. Property list files (.plist)
4. JNDI
5. JDBC Datasource
6. System properties
7. Applet parameters
8. Servlet parameters
举一个Properties的简单例子:
# usergui.properties, definining the GUI, colors.background = #FFFFFF colors.foreground = #000080 window.width = 500 window.height = 300 PropertiesConfiguration config = new PropertiesConfiguration("usergui.properties"); config.setProperty("colors.background", "#000000); config.save(); config.save("usergui.backup.properties);//save a copy Integer integer = config.getInteger("window.width");
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/dbcp/
说明:Database Connection pool, Tomcat就是用的这个,不用我多说了吧,要用的本身去网站上看说明。
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/dbutils/
说明:我之前在写数据库程序的时候,每每把数据库操做单独作一个包。DbUtils就是这样一个工具,之后开发不用再重复这样的工做了。值得一体的是,这个工具并非如今流行的OR-Mapping工具(好比Hibernate),只是简化数据库操做,好比
QueryRunner run = new QueryRunner(dataSource); // Execute the query and get the results back from the handler Object[] result = (Object[]) run.query("SELECT * FROM Person WHERE name=?", "John Doe");
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/fileupload/
说明:jsp的上传文件功能怎么作呢?
使用示例:
// Create a factory for disk-based file items FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); // Create a new file upload handler ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // Parse the request List /* FileItem */ items = upload.parseRequest(request); // Process the uploaded items Iterator iter = items.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { FileItem item = (FileItem) iter.next(); if (item.isFormField()) { processFormField(item); } else { processUploadedFile(item); } }
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/httpclient/
说明:这个工具能够方便经过编程的方式去访问网站。
最简单的Get操做:
GetMethod get = new GetMethod("http://jakarta.apache.org"); // execute method and handle any error responses. ... InputStream in = get.getResponseBodyAsStream(); // Process the data from the input stream. get.releaseConnection();
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/io/
说明:能够当作是java.io的扩展,我以为用起来很是方便。
使用示例:
标准代码:
InputStream in = new URL( "http://jakarta.apache.org" ).openStream(); try { InputStreamReader inR = new InputStreamReader( in ); BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader( inR ); String line; while ( ( line = buf.readLine() ) != null ) { System.out.println( line ); } } finally { in.close(); }
使用IOUtils:
InputStream in = new URL( "http://jakarta.apache.org" ).openStream(); try { System.out.println( IOUtils.toString( in ) ); } finally { IOUtils.closeQuietly(in); }
File file = new File("/commons/io/project.properties"); List lines = FileUtils.readLines(file, "UTF-8");
long freeSpace = FileSystemUtils.freeSpace("C:/");
http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-jxpath/users-guide.html
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/jxpath/
说明:Xpath你知道吧,那么JXpath就是基于Java对象的Xpath,也就是用Xpath对Java对象进行查询。这个东西仍是颇有想像力的。
使用示例:
Address address = (Address)JXPathContext.newContext(vendor). getValue("locations[address/zipCode='90210']/address");
上述代码等同于:
Address address = null; Collection locations = vendor.getLocations(); Iterator it = locations.iterator(); while (it.hasNext()){ Location location = (Location)it.next(); String zipCode = location.getAddress().getZipCode(); if (zipCode.equals("90210")){ address = location.getAddress(); break; } }
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/lang/
说明:这个工具包能够当作是对java.lang的扩展。提供了诸如StringUtils, StringEscapeUtils, RandomStringUtils, Tokenizer, WordUtils等工具类。
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/logging/
说明:你知道Log4j吗?
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/math/
说明:看名字你就应该知道这个包是用来干吗的了吧。这个包提供的功能有些和Commons Lang重复了,可是这个包更专一于作数学工具,功能更强大。
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/net/
说明:这个包仍是很实用的,封装了不少网络协议。
1. FTP
2. NNTP
3. SMTP
4. POP3
5. Telnet
6. TFTP
7. Finger
8. Whois
9. rexec/rcmd/rlogin
10. Time (rdate) and Daytime
11. Echo
12. Discard
13. NTP/SNTP
使用示例:
TelnetClient telnet = new TelnetClient(); telnet.connect( "192.168.1.99", 23 ); InputStream in = telnet.getInputStream(); PrintStream out = new PrintStream( telnet.getOutputStream() ); ... telnet.close();
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/validator/
说明:用来帮助进行验证的工具。好比验证Email字符串,日期字符串等是否合法。
使用示例:
// Get the Date validator DateValidator validator = DateValidator.getInstance(); // Validate/Convert the date Date fooDate = validator.validate(fooString, "dd/MM/yyyy"); if (fooDate == null) { // error...not a valid date return; }
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/vfs/
说明:提供对各类资源的访问接口。支持的资源类型包括
1. CIFS
2. FTP
3. Local Files
4. HTTP and HTTPS
5. SFTP
6. Temporary Files
7. WebDAV
8. Zip, Jar and Tar (uncompressed, tgz or tbz2)
9. gzip and bzip2
10. res
11. ram
这个包的功能很强大,极大的简化了程序对资源的访问。
使用示例:
从jar中读取文件:
// Locate the Jar file FileSystemManager fsManager = VFS.getManager(); FileObject jarFile = fsManager.resolveFile( "jar:lib/aJarFile.jar" ); // List the children of the Jar file FileObject[] children = jarFile.getChildren(); System.out.println( "Children of " + jarFile.getName().getURI() ); for ( int i = 0; i < children.length; i++ ){ System.out.println( children[ i ].getName().getBaseName() ); }
从smb读取文件:
StaticUserAuthenticator auth = new StaticUserAuthenticator("username", "password", null); FileSystemOptions opts = new FileSystemOptions(); DefaultFileSystemConfigBuilder.getInstance().setUserAuthenticator(opts, auth); FileObject fo = VFS.getManager().resolveFile("smb://host/anyshare/dir", opts);