Android XML shape 标签使用详解

时间 2019-11-15

标签 android xml shape 标签使用详解栏目 Android 繁體版

原文原文链接

本文所说的 Drawable 都特指 shape 标签订义的 Drawablehtml

shape 标签订义的 Drawable 是哪一种类型的 Drawable?
使用 Drawable 有什么好处？
什么状况下选择使用 Drawable，而不是使用一张图，反之呢？
shape 标签能定义多少种类型的 Drawable？（这是本文的重点，方便我这种懒惰的程序员直接拷贝代码修改）

本文须要先了解shape标签的基本用法，关于Android shape标签的各个属性详解请移步：android

Android GradientDrawable(shape标签订义) 静态使用和动态使用(圆角，渐变实现)git

首先给出GitHub地址，后续有新的内容会持续加入
https://github.com/PopFisher/AndroidDrawClassic程序员

shape标签能定义多少种类型的Drawable？

shape 能够定义四种类型的几何图形，由 android:shape 属性指定github

line --> 线布局

rectangle --> 矩形（圆角矩形）spa

oval --> 椭圆，圆code

ring --> 圆环xml

shape 能够定义边框属性htm

有边框，无边框，虚线边框，实线边框

shape 能够实现矩形圆角效果

能够指定其中一个角或者多个角设置圆角效果

指定圆角半径设置圆角的大小

shape 能够实现三种渐变，由子标签 gradient 实现

linear --> 线性渐变（水平，垂直，对角线三个渐变）

sweep --> 扫描渐变（只支持顺时针方向，其实颜色反过来就跟逆时针同样的了）

radial --> 径向渐变（由指定的中心点开始向外渐变，指定半径）

xml 实现只支持三个颜色，startColor，CenterColor，endColor

更多更详细关于 shape 的介绍请移步 Android GradientDrawable(shape标签订义) 静态使用和动态使用(圆角，渐变实现)

由上面的组合能够定义不少 Drawable，下面依次进行介绍：

线（实线+虚线）

实线：line_solid.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 实线 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="line"
    android:useLevel="true">

<stroke
    android:width="2dp"
    android:color="#ffff0000" />

</shape>

虚线：line_dashed.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--虚线
    设置类型会line
    须要关闭硬件加速虚线才能绘制出来，布局文件中使用的时候须要设置android:layerType="software"
    android:width 线宽，布局文件中的View的高度须要比这个值大才能够绘制出来
    android:dashWidth 每段破折线的长度
    android:dashGap="5dp"每段破折线之间的间隔-->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="line"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:dashGap="5dp"
        android:dashWidth="10dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

</shape>

矩形（边框+填充）

矩形实线边框内部无填充：rect_solid_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 实线边框 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

</shape>

矩形虚线边框内部无填充：rect_dashed_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 虚线边框 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000"
        android:dashGap="5dp"
        android:dashWidth="10dp" />

</shape>

矩形实线边框-内部填充：rect_solid_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 实线边框+内部填充 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

    <solid android:color="#ff00ffff" />

</shape>

矩形虚线边框-内部填充：rect_dashed_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 虚线边框+内部填充 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000"
        android:dashGap="5dp"
        android:dashWidth="10dp" />

    <solid android:color="#ff00ffff" />
</shape>

圆角矩形

圆角矩形-只有边框：rect_rounded_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形边框圆角 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size android:height="100dp"
        android:width="100dp"/>

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

    <corners android:bottomLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:bottomRightRadius="2dp"
        android:topLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:topRightRadius="2dp" />

</shape>

圆角矩形-只有内部填充：rect_rounded_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆角矩形 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size android:height="100dp"
        android:width="100dp"/>

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <corners android:bottomLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:bottomRightRadius="2dp"
        android:topLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:topRightRadius="2dp" />

</shape>

圆角矩形-有边框有填充:rect_rounded_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形边框+填充 圆角 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size android:height="100dp"
        android:width="100dp"/>

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <corners android:bottomLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:bottomRightRadius="2dp"
        android:topLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:topRightRadius="2dp" />

</shape>

圆角矩形-左边圆角为一个半圆弧：rect_rounded_left_arc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形圆角+左右两边为一个圆弧 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="50dp"
        android:height="10dp" />

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <!-- 圆角半径是高度的通常就是一个圆弧了 -->
    <corners
        android:bottomLeftRadius="20dp"
        android:topLeftRadius="20dp" />

</shape>

圆角矩形-左右两边都是半圆弧:rect_rounded_left_right_arc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形圆角+左右两边为一个圆弧 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="50dp"
        android:height="10dp" />

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <!-- 圆角半径是高度的通常就是一个圆弧了 -->
    <corners android:radius="20dp" />

</shape>

圆角矩形-左右两边都是半圆弧-带边框：rect_rounded_left_right_arc_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形圆角+左右两边为一个圆弧 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="50dp"
        android:height="10dp" />

    <stroke android:color="#ffff0000"
        android:width="2dp"/>

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <!-- 圆角半径是高度的通常就是一个圆弧了 -->
    <corners android:radius="20dp" />

</shape>

圆角矩形-圆：rect_rounded_arc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形圆角+圆出一个圆弧 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size android:height="10dp"
        android:width="10dp"/>

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <corners android:radius="20dp" />

</shape>

圆角矩形-上下两边半圆弧:rect_rounded_top_bottom_arc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形圆角+左右两边为一个圆弧 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="10dp"
        android:height="60dp" />

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <!-- 圆角半径是高度的通常就是一个圆弧了 -->
    <corners android:radius="10dp" />

</shape>

渐变效果（以矩形为例）

垂直线性渐变：rect_gradient_linear_vertical.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形内部填充-线性垂直渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <stroke
        android:width="1px"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />

    <!-- 调整angle实现水平渐变，垂直渐变或者对角渐变 -->
    <gradient
        android:angle="-45"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.4"
        android:centerColor="#8000ff00"
        android:endColor="#1000ff00"
        android:startColor="#ff00ff00"
        android:type="linear" />
</shape>

水平线性渐变:rect_gradient_linear_horizon.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形内部填充-线性水平渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <stroke
        android:width="1px"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />

    <!-- 调整angle实现水平渐变，垂直渐变或者对角渐变 -->
    <gradient
        android:angle="0"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:centerColor="#8000ff00"
        android:endColor="#ff00ff00"
        android:startColor="#1000ff00"
        android:type="linear" />
</shape>

对角线线性渐变：rect_gradient_linear_diagonal.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形内部填充-线性对角线渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <stroke
        android:width="1px"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />

    <!-- 调整angle实现水平渐变，垂直渐变或者对角渐变 -->
    <gradient
        android:angle="45"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:centerColor="#8000ff00"
        android:endColor="#1000ff00"
        android:startColor="#ff00ff00"
        android:type="linear" />
</shape>

径向渐变：rect_gradient_radial.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形内部填充-径向渐变,通常不用在rect上，用到圆或者椭圆上 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <stroke
        android:width="1px"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />

    <!-- 径向渐变angle无效 -->
    <gradient
        android:angle="0"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:startColor="#0000ff00"
        android:endColor="#ff00ff00"
        android:gradientRadius="40dp"
        android:type="radial" />
</shape>

扫描渐变：rect_gradient_sweep.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形内部填充-扫描渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">
    <!--若是布局中没有设置View的大小，会size设置的大小为默认值-->
    <size
        android:width="20dp"
        android:height="20dp" />

    <stroke
        android:width="1px"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />

    <!--调整angle不能实现角度变化
        centerX,centerY是中心点的位置，这里用的是百分比值（0-1）
        在rect中gradientRadius无效-->
    <gradient
        android:angle="0"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:startColor="#ff00ff00"
        android:gradientRadius="20dp"
        android:type="sweep" />
</shape>

圆（边框+填充+渐变）

圆-边框：circle_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆形边框 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

</shape>

圆-填充：circle_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆形边框 + 填充 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <solid android:color="#800000ff" />

</shape>

圆-边框填充：circle_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆形边框 + 填充 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

    <solid android:color="#800000ff" />

</shape>

线性渐变：circle_gradient_linear.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆形内部填充-线性渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <!-- angle调整渐变角度，只能是45的倍数，centerX, centerY是百分百（0-1） -->
    <gradient
        android:angle="-90"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.8"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#ffff0000"
        android:startColor="#00ff0000"
        android:type="linear" />

</shape>

径向渐变：circle_gradient_radial.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆形内部填充-径向渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="40dp"
        android:height="40dp" />

    <!-- centerX, centerY是百分百（0-1） -->
    <gradient
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:startColor="#ffff0000"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#10ff0000"
        android:gradientRadius="30dp"
        android:type="radial" />

</shape>

扫描渐变：circle_gradient_sweep.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆形内部填充-扫描渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <!-- sweep类型angle,gradientRadius无效，centerX, centerY是百分百（0-1） -->
    <gradient
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.6"
        android:startColor="#ffff0000"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#20ff0000"
        android:gradientRadius="20dp"
        android:type="sweep" />

</shape>

椭圆（边框+填充+渐变）

边框：oval_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 椭圆边框 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

</shape>

填充：oval_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 椭圆填充-->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <solid android:color="#800000ff" />

</shape>

边框+填充：oval_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 椭圆边框 + 填充-->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

    <solid android:color="#800000ff" />

</shape>

线性渐变：oval_gradient_linear.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 椭圆内部填充-线性渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true" >

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="60dp" />

    <gradient
        android:angle="45"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.7"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#ffff0000"
        android:startColor="#00ff0000"
        android:type="linear" />

</shape>

径向渐变：oval_gradient_radial.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 椭圆内部填充-径向渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true" >

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="60dp" />

    <gradient
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#00ff0000"
        android:startColor="#ffff0000"
        android:gradientRadius="40dp"
        android:type="radial" />

</shape>

扫描渐变：oval_gradient_sweep.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 椭圆内部填充-扫描渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true" >

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="60dp" />

    <gradient
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#ffff0000"
        android:startColor="#00ff0000"
        android:type="sweep" />

</shape>

圆环（边框+填充+渐变）

环内填充：ring_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!-- 圆环 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:innerRadiusRatio="4"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:thicknessRatio="4"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必须是false-->
    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <solid android:color="#80ff0000" />

</shape>

圆环边框:ring_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆环-仅有边框 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:innerRadius="20dp"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:thickness="16dp"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必须是false-->

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />
</shape>

边框+填充：ring_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆环 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:innerRadius="20dp"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:thickness="16dp"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必须是false-->

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <solid android:color="#80ff0000" />

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />
</shape>

线性渐变：ring_gradient_linear.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆环-线性渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:innerRadius="10dp"
    android:thickness="30dp"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必须是false-->

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <gradient
        android:angle="45"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#ffff0000"
        android:startColor="#00ff0000"
        android:type="linear" />

</shape>

径向渐变：ring_gradient_radial.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆环-径向渐变渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:innerRadius="10dp"
    android:thickness="30dp"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必须是false-->

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <!--设置径向渐变半径，渐变从圆心开始-->
    <gradient
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#00ff0000"
        android:startColor="#ffff0000"
        android:gradientRadius="40dp"
        android:type="radial" />

</shape>

扫描渐变:ring_gradient_sweep.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圆环-线性渐变 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:innerRadius="10dp"
    android:thickness="30dp"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必须是false-->

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <!--扫描渐变shape不能设置角度-->
    <gradient
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#ffff0000"
        android:startColor="#00ff0000"
        android:type="sweep" />

</shape>