linux添加新磁盘和建立分区

Linux磁盘概念及其管理工具fdisk：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/134664.htm 
1、 
进入linux虚拟机 右键 open in terminal 
su 输入密码切换为root用户 
fdisk -l 查看磁盘状况 
个人目前只有sda一个磁盘 
添加sdb磁盘：关机，菜单栏中找到虚拟机—设置，点击硬盘—添加，按步骤走就能够了，启动虚拟机，就有sdb了

2、 
虽然硬盘分区表中最多能存储四个分区，但咱们实际使用时通常只分为两个分区，一个是主分区（Primary Partion）一个是扩展分区(extended partition)两种，主分区能够立刻被使用但不能再分区，扩展分区必须再进行分区后才能使用，也就是说它必须还要进行二次分区。那么由扩充分区再分下去的是什么呢？它就是逻辑分区（Logical Partion），何况逻辑分区没有数量上限制。 对习惯于使用Dos或Windows的朋友来讲，有几个分区就有几个驱动器，而且每一个分区都会得到一个字母标识符，而后就能够选用这个字母来指定在这个分区上的文件和目录，它们的文件结构都是独立的，很是好理解。 
可是初上手Red Hat Linux吗，可就有点恼人了。由于对Linux用户来讲不管有几个分区，分给哪一目录使用，它归根结底就只有一个根目录，一个独立且惟一的文件结构。Red Hat Linux中每一个分区都是用来组成整个文件系统的一部分，由于它采用了一种叫“挂载点”的处理方法，它的整个文件系统中包含了一整套的文件和目录，且将一个分区和一个目录联系起来。这时要载入的一个分区将使它的存储空间在一个目录下得到。

一、 fdisk -l 查看磁盘状况 

二、 下面对/dev/sdb 进行分区：

[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1949791c. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): m //输入m查看帮助文档 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition //添加一个新的分区 o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) #fdisk选中/dev/sdb 输入m全部基本选项都出现，输入n新建分区 Command (m for help): n Command action e extended //扩展分区

 

三、有扩展分区和主分区，逻辑分区在扩展分区中创建。注意到括号中的1-4，最多只能建四个主分区（包括扩展分区）。先建一个主分区：

#继续上面的操做 Command (m for help): n Command action e extended  //扩展分区 p primary partition (1-4)  //主分区 p #输入p建立主分区 Partition number (1-4): 1 #分区号为1 First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): #直接回车默认从第一个柱面开始划分 Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G #加空间大小，这里有不少种选择：+后面单位能够接M，G，K（记得要大写）表示划分你所加的空间，也能够是柱面数。无论怎样都不能超过该磁盘剩余的空间不然无效。 Command (m for help): p #分好后查看分区信息，刚所作的全部一目了然。 Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1949791c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux 

 

四、同上所述创建扩展分区：

Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) e Partition number (1-4): 4 First cylinder (263-2610, default 263): Using default value 263 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610): +4G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1949791c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended 

 

五、扩展分区建好就能够在扩展分区创建逻辑分区了

Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l #建立逻辑分区 First cylinder (263-785, default 263): Using default value 263 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-785, default 785): +2G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1949791c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 263 524 2104483+ 83 Linux

六、上面显示已经建好一个主分区，一个逻辑分区，可是这些如今尚未生效，须要保存退出。

Command (m for help): w #保存退出 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.

七、退出后查看：

[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00053377 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1949791c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 263 524 2104483+ 83 Linux 

 

八、这时须要给它设置文件系统并进行格式化。 
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb5 
给它设置ext3的文件系统，并格式化。

[root@localhost Desktop]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 131648 inodes, 526120 blocks 26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216 17 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 7744 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. 

 

九、在新建个目录，mkdir /data15 ; 
用来挂载这个分区。mount /dev/sdb5 /data15 ;

[root@localhost Desktop]# mkdir /data15; [root@localhost Desktop]# mount /dev/sdb5 /data15; 

 

十、查看是否挂载成功：df -TH /data15/

[root@localhost Desktop]# df -TH /data15/
Filesystem     Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb5 ext3 2.2G 71M 2.0G 4% /data15 

 

十一、这样就能够正常使用了。但是重启以后又要手动挂载怎么办？ 
很简单，咱们只要配置一下就OK了。 
vim /etc/fstab 
编辑文件 将/dev/sdb5 /data15 ext3 defaults 0 0加入便可

# # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Mon Oct 24 02:05:13 2016 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=147a6e0f-8fa6-4bb5-a27a-91aaa7cf178f / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=410da4b5-ac87-43e3-ab4a-b33df31e38cf /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=d0c4ed83-d5d3-4245-af14-1434f4b3438f swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb5 /data15 ext3 defaults 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ "/etc/fstab" 16L, 841C 

 

【o】 英文小写字母o，在目前光标所在行的下一行处插入新的一行并开始插入 
【O】 英文大写字母O，在目前光标所在行的上一行处插入新的一行并开始插入 
:wq保存退出

十一、查看

[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /data* /data15: lost+found 

 

重复以上操做，对sdb1进行挂载

[root@localhost Desktop]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 131648 inodes, 526120 blocks 26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216 17 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 7744 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@localhost Desktop]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data5 [root@localhost Desktop]# df -TH /data5/ Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb1 ext3 2.2G 71M 2.0G 4% /data5 [root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/fstab [root@localhost Desktop]# ls /data* /data15: lost+found /data5: lost+found [root@localhost Desktop]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 18G 4.0G 13G 24% / tmpfs 491M 372K 491M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 291M 34M 242M 13% /boot /dev/sdb5 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /data15 /dev/sdb1 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /data5 

 

同上，又建立了一个逻辑分区

[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l First cylinder (525-785, default 525): Using default value 525 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): 4G Value out of range. Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): 3G Value out of range. Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): 1G Value out of range. Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): Using default value 785 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1949791c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 263 524 2104483+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 525 785 2096451 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks. 

 

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