网络实验 05-快速生成树配置

时间  2020-05-06
标签 网络 实验 快速 生成树 配置 栏目 系统网络 繁體版
原文   原文链接

快速生成树配置

1、实验目标

  1. 理解生成树协议工做原理
  2. 掌握快速生成树协议RSTP基本配置方法

2、实验背景

学校为了开展计算机教学和网络办公，创建了一个计算机教室和一个校办公区，这两处的计算机网络经过两台交换机互相链接组成内部校园网，为了提升网络的可靠性，做为网络管理员，你要用2条链路将交换机互连，现要求在交换机上作适当的配置，使网络避免环路

3、技术原理

生成树协议(spanning-tree)，做用是在交换网络中提供冗余备份链路，而且解决交换网络中的环路问题

生成树协议是利用SPA算法，在存在交换环路的网络中生成一个没有环路的树形网络。运用该算法将交换网络的冗余备份链路从逻辑上断开，当主链路出现故障时，可以自动的切换到备份链路，保证数据的正常转发

生成树协议版本：STP、RSTP(快速生成树)、MSTP(多生成树协议)

生成树协议的特色是收敛时间长，从主要链路出现故障到切换至备份链路须要50秒的时间

快速生成树协议在生成树协议的基础上增长了两种端口角色：替换端口和备份端口，分别作为根端口和指定端口的冗余端口。当根端口或指定端口出现故障时，冗余端口不须要通过50秒的收敛时间，能够直接切换到替换端口或备份端口，从而实现RSTP协议小于1秒的快速收敛

4、实验步骤

实验拓扑

默认状况下STP协议启用的，经过两台交换机之间传送BPDU协议数据单元，选出根交换机、根端口等，以便肯定端口的转发状态。上图中标记为橙色的端口处于block堵塞状态

实验步骤

设置RSTP 查看交换机 show spanning-tree 状态，了解根交换机和根端口状况； 经过更改交换机生成树的优先级spanning-tree vlan * priority 4096 能够变化根交换机的角色；算法

S1:
    Switch>en
    Switch#conf t
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
    Switch(config)#hostname S1
    S1(config)#end
    S1#
    %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

    S1#show spanning-tree                                    //查看交换机spanning-tree 状态
    VLAN0001
    Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
    Root ID    Priority    32769
            Address     0060.5C36.5620
            Cost        19
            Port        1(FastEthernet0/1)
            Hello Time  2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

    Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
            Address     0060.7078.8BDE
            Hello Time  2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
            Aging Time  20

    Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
    ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
    Fa0/10           Desg FWD 19        128.10   P2p
    Fa0/1            Root FWD 19        128.1    P2p
    Fa0/2            Altn BLK 19        128.2    P2p

    S1#conf t
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
    S1(config)#interface fa0/10
    S1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10                            //将fa0/10划分到vlan 10
    % Access VLAN does not exist. Creating vlan 10
    S1(config-if)#exit
    S1(config)#interface range fa0/1 - 2                               //设置fa0/1,fa0/2端口状态为trunk模式
    S1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk 

    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up


    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to down

    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up

    S1(config-if-range)#exit
    S1(config)#spanning-tree mode ?                                    //设置spanning-tree 为RSTP模式
    pvst        Per-Vlan spanning tree mode
    rapid-pvst  Per-Vlan rapid spanning tree mode
    S1(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst 
    S1(config)#


    S2:
    Switch>en
    Switch#show spanning-tree 
    VLAN0001
    Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
    Root ID    Priority    32769
            Address     0060.5C36.5620
            This bridge is the root                                //根交换机
            Hello Time  2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

    Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
            Address     0060.5C36.5620
            Hello Time  2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
            Aging Time  20

    Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
    ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
    Fa0/1            Desg FWD 19        128.1    P2p
    Fa0/2            Desg FWD 19        128.2    P2p
    Fa0/10           Desg FWD 19        128.10   P2p

    Switch#
    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to down

    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up

    Switch#
    Switch#conf t
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
    Switch(config)#hostname S2
    S2(config)#interface fa0/10
    S2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
    % Access VLAN does not exist. Creating vlan 10
    S2(config-if)#exit
    S2(config)#interface range fa0/1 - 2
    S2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk 
    S2(config-if-range)#exit
    S2(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst 
    S2(config)#

5、测试

当主链路处于down状态时，可以自动的切换到备份链路，保证数据的正常转发。

在S2上shutdown 掉 fa0/1

Switch#conf t
    Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
    Switch(config)#int
    Switch(config)#interface fa0/1
    Switch(config-if)#shu
    Switch(config-if)#shutdown                                         //shutdown fa0/1端口

    Switch(config-if)#
    %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to administratively down

    %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down
    Switch#show spanning-tree
    VLAN0001
    Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp
    Root ID    Priority    32769
            Address     0001.63E2.4A7A
            This bridge is the root
            Hello Time  2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

    Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
            Address     0001.63E2.4A7A
            Hello Time  2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
            Aging Time  20

    Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
    ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
    Fa0/1            Desg FWD 19        128.1    P2p
    Fa0/2            Desg FWD 19        128.2    P2p

    VLAN0010

    Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp
    Root ID    Priority    32778
            Address     0001.63E2.4A7A
            This bridge is the root
            Hello Time  2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

    Bridge ID  Priority    32778  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 10)
            Address     0001.63E2.4A7A
            Hello Time  2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
            Aging Time  20

    Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
    ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
    Fa0/1            Desg FWD 19        128.1    P2p
    Fa0/2            Desg FWD 19        128.2    P2p
    Fa0/10           Desg FWD 19        128.10   P2p

    Switch#

    PC1:
    PC>ipconfig
    IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2
    Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
    Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1

    PC>ping -t 192.168.1.3

    Pinging 192.168.1.3 with 32 bytes of data:

    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=78ms TTL=128
    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=94ms TTL=128
    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=78ms TTL=128
    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=78ms TTL=128
    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=78ms TTL=128
    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=94ms TTL=128
    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=93ms TTL=128
    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=93ms TTL=128
    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=62ms TTL=128
    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=94ms TTL=128
    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=79ms TTL=128
    Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=94ms TTL=128
    ......
相关文章
相关标签/搜索
每日一句
    每一个你不满意的现在，都有一个你没有努力的曾经。
本站公众号
   欢迎关注本站公众号,获取更多信息
联系我们 最近搜索 最新文章 沪ICP备13005482号-10 MyBatis教程 SQL 教程 MySQL教程 Java 教程 Thymeleaf 教程 Hibernate教程 Spring教程 Redis教程