mac环境使用Apache ab工具测试服务性能

基本概念

先引用一段官方介绍，

ab is a tool for benchmarking your Apache Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server. It is designed to give you an impression of how your current Apache installation performs. This especially shows you how many requests per second your Apache installation is capable of serving.

意思是ab是apache的http服务测试工具，它能够测试你的http server的性能，尤为是每秒处理请求数。ab不只能够对apache服务器进行网站访问压力测试，也能够对或其它类型的服务器进行压力测试。好比nginx、tomcat、IIS等。

要注意的是，ab的测试目标是基于URL的，因此基于TCP的服务接口时无法用ab测试的。

环境准备

个人运行环境是macOS 10.14.6。

其实mac自己是带来了ab工具的，你能够试试在终端窗口执行

ab -v

能够看到ab的版本。

可是这个自带的版本会有些问题，好比我在实际测试的发现以下现象，

$ ab -n 1000 -c 200 http://127.0.0.1:8080/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1826891 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
apr_socket_recv: Connection reset by peer (54)
Total of 524 requests completed

上网查了下，了解到这个报错是由于ab版本太低引发的。因此要安装一个比较新的版本替换掉这个自带的。

首先要下载ab工具，咱们能够去下面这个地址找到最新的版本而后下载便可。

http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

我这里下载的是 httpd-2.4.41.tar.gz这个版本。你们只要是下载一个最新的文档版本就好了。

还须要安装几个依赖，apr和apr-uitl，还有pcre。这个能够在下面这个地址找到最新的版本下载。

http://apr.apache.org/download.cgi

https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.00.tar.gz

安装的过程以下。

安装apr，进入源码目录

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr 
sudo make 
sudo make install

安装apr-uitl，进入源码目录

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
sudo make 
sudo make install

安装pcre，进入源码目录

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre

安装httpd，进入源码目录

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd/ --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre/

sudo make

sudo make install

而后拷贝/usr/local/httpd目录下的ab执行文件替换/usr/sbin下的。

另外，根据本身的实际状况，还能够调整下ulimit -n参数，不然测试的时候可能会报too many open fiels。

ponydeMacBook-Pro:httpd ponyma$ ulimit -n 5000
ponydeMacBook-Pro:httpd ponyma$ ulimit -n
5000

ab经常使用命令

ab的命令不少，这里给出比较经常使用的几个，等下的示例也会用到。

-n    请求的总数，默认是1次。

-c    并发数，同一时间请求数。

-p    若是后面接的是文件，表示POST请求，文件中包含请求数据，根据数据格式，设置-T参数。

-T    设置请求头中的Content-type（针对POST/PUT），好比：application/x-www-form-urlencoded。默认是text/plain。

-w    将测试结果打印到HTML表格中。

更多的命令能够经过 man ab查询。

开始测试

咱们先不测试本身的服务，先用qq的网站看看测试结果，一会也好作对比。

$ ./bin/ab -n 200 -c 100 http://www.qq.com/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking www.qq.com (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Finished 200 requests


Server Software:        nginx
Server Hostname:        www.qq.com
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        154 bytes

Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   0.387 seconds
Complete requests:      200
Failed requests:        0
Non-2xx responses:      200
Total transferred:      67200 bytes
HTML transferred:       30800 bytes
Requests per second:    516.36 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       193.661 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       1.937 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          169.43 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       14   29   7.7     28      49
Processing:    16   66  72.6     34     315
Waiting:       16   50  45.8     34     315
Total:         39   95  73.6     62     350

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     62
  66%     81
  75%     85
  80%    129
  90%    185
  95%    310
  98%    341
  99%    349
 100%    350 (longest request)

而后我再测试下我本身的博客站点，

个人博客

$ ab -n 200 -c 100 http://www.machengyu.net/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking www.machengyu.net (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Finished 200 requests


Server Software:        GitHub.com
Server Hostname:        www.machengyu.net
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        18750 bytes

Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   1.863 seconds
Complete requests:      200
Failed requests:        0
Total transferred:      3877599 bytes
HTML transferred:       3750000 bytes
Requests per second:    107.33 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       931.721 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       9.317 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          2032.11 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       97  118  17.6    116     199
Processing:   205  434 259.1    282    1218
Waiting:      100  259 173.9    159     661
Total:        308  552 258.2    403    1328

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%    403
  66%    599
  75%    632
  80%    690
  90%    986
  95%   1183
  98%   1285
  99%   1310
 100%   1328 (longest request)

我先解释下测试结果的各个指标都是啥意思。

• Concurrency Level    并发数多少，等于-c后面的数值
• Time taken for tests    测试总耗时
• Complete requests    成功收到返回的数目
• Failed requests    请求失败数目
• Non-2xx responses    表示返回的HTTP status code不是2xx的数目（好比404,401,500...），若是都是2xx，这个指标不显示在结果里面
• Requests per second    每秒请求数
• Time per request    每个请求平均花费时间。第一个Time per request等于concurrency timetaken 1000 / done，第二个Time per request（mean, across all concurrency requests）等于timetaken * 1000 / done，第一个能够理解为用户平均请求等待时间，第二能够理解为服务器平均请求等待时间

基于这几个指标，qq的网站和个人博客站点哪一个性能好，就不用多说了吧，哈哈！

上面两个测试都是基于get请求的，基于post请求也很容易，这里就很少说了。有兴趣能够本身测试下。

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参考：

https://www.cnblogs.com/cjsbl...