大多数的系统都会涉及缩略图的处理,好比新闻系统和电商系统,特别是电商系统,每一个商品大图都会对应一系列尺寸的缩略图用于不一样业务场景的使用。部分系统也会生成不一样尺寸的缩略图以供PC、手机端、ipad端使用。javascript
解决方案探索: php
本文使用的是Nginx+Lua+GraphicsMagick实现缩略图功能,图片的上传及删除仍是交由web服务处理,缩略图由单独的模块去完成。最终效果相似淘宝图片,实现自定义图片尺寸功能,可根据图片加后缀100x100.jpg(固定高宽),-100.jpg(定高),_100-.jpg(定宽)形式实现自定义输出图片大小。css
github源码地址:https://github.com/botaozhao/nginx-lua-GraphicsMagickhtml
2018-2-9: 加入缩略图尺寸限制,需在demo.conf中配置开关及容许的尺寸,代码片断为:java
init_by_lua ' -- 开关 须要限制缩略图尺寸:true ,不须要限制缩略图尺寸:false image_sizes_check = true -- 容许的尺寸 image_sizes = {"800x800", "400x400", "100x100", "-800", "-400", "-100", "800-", "400-", "100-"} ';
文件夹规划node
img.xxx.com(如/usr/local/filebase) ├─upload │ └─img │ ├─001.jpg │ └─002.jpg
自定义尺寸后的路径nginx
thumb(/tmp/thumb,可在conf文件里面更改) ├─upload │ └─img │ ├─001.jpg_100x100.jpg #固定高和宽 │ ├─001.jpg_-100.jpg #定高 │ ├─001.jpg_200-.jpg #定宽 │ └─002.jpg_300x300.jpg #固定高和宽
连接地址对应关系
原图访问地址:http://img.xxx.com/upload/img/001.jpg
缩略图访问地址:http://img.xxx.com/upload/img/001.jpg_100x100.jpg 即为宽100,高100
自动宽地址: http://img.xxx.com/upload/img/001.jpg_-100.jpg 用"-"表示自动,即为高100,宽自动
自动高地址: http://img.xxx.com/upload/img/001.jpg_200-.jpg 用"-"表示自动,即为宽200,高自动c++
访问流程git
系统环境
centOS7 X64 虚拟机内最小化安装
如下操做均在此系统中操做,仅供参考
一、环境准备github
yum install -y wget git yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel yum install -y libpng libjpeg libpng-devel libjpeg-devel ghostscript libtiff libtiff-devel freetype freetype-devel yum install -y GraphicsMagick GraphicsMagick-devel
若是提示没有GraphicsMagick的可用安装包,请自行安装GraphicsMagick,具体可参考个人另外一篇文章:CentOS7下安装GraphicsMagick1.3.21。
二、下载相关应用
cd /usr/local/src wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz wget http://luajit.org/download/LuaJIT-2.0.4.tar.gz wget http://zlib.net/fossils/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
三、下载nginx组件
git clone https://github.com/alibaba/nginx-http-concat.git git clone https://github.com/simpl/ngx_devel_kit.git git clone https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module.git git clone https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module.git
解压安装
tar -zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz tar -zxf LuaJIT-2.0.4.tar.gz tar -zxf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
一、安装LuaJIT
cd LuaJIT-2.0.4 make -j8 make install export LUAJIT_LIB=/usr/local/lib export LUAJIT_INC=/usr/local/include/luajit-2.0 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2 /lib64/libluajit-5.1.so.2 cd ..
二、安装nginx
cd nginx-1.8.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf \ --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/pid/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/usr/local/nginx/pid/nginx.lock \ --error-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log \ --http-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_sub_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_dav_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_addition_module \ --with-http_spdy_module \ --with-pcre \ --with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.8 \ --add-module=../nginx-http-concat \ --add-module=../lua-nginx-module \ --add-module=../ngx_devel_kit make -j8 make install
编译nginx常见问题
./configure: error: invalid option "–with-http_spdy_module"
相关配置文件结构位置
/usr/local/nginx │ ├─conf │ ├─...... │ └─nginx.conf │ ├─html │ ├─logs │ ├─lua │ ├─autoSize.lua │ └─cropSize.lua │ ├─pid │ ├─sbin │ └─vhost │ └─demo.conf
相关的配置文件能够去个人github上去下载,地址为:nginx-lua-GraphicsMagick。
下面贴出详细的配置文件内容,和github上一致,可直接跳过。
修改nginx配置文件
cd /usr/local/nginx/ vi conf/nginx.conf
user root; worker_processes 4; worker_cpu_affinity 1000 0100 0010 0001; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log error; pid /usr/local/nginx/pid/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; } http { limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m; limit_conn_zone $server_name zone=perserver:10m; include mime.types; include fastcgi.conf; default_type application/octet-stream; charset utf-8; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 64k; sendfile on; autoindex off; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 120; fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 60; fastcgi_read_timeout 60; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 8 128k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; client_max_body_size 200m; #lua_package_path "/etc/nginx/lua/?.lua"; include /usr/local/nginx/vhost/*.conf; }
修改站点配置
普通站点的配置文件,包含固定高宽和定高,定宽两种模式配置
cd /usr/local/nginx/ mkdir vhost vi vhost/demo.conf
#定义lua缩略图支持的图片尺寸及开关 init_by_lua ' -- 开关 须要限制缩略图尺寸:true ,不须要限制缩略图尺寸:false image_sizes_check = true -- 容许的尺寸 image_sizes = {"800x800", "400x400", "100x100", "-800", "-400", "-100", "800-", "400-", "100-"} '; server { listen 80; index index.php index.html index.htm; set $root_path '/var/www'; root $root_path; location /lua { default_type 'text/plain'; content_by_lua 'ngx.say("hello, ttlsa lua")'; } location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; # add support for img which has query params, # like: xxx.jpg?a=b&c=d_750x750.jpg if ($args ~* "^([^_]+)_(\d+)+x(\d+)+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$") { set $w $2; set $h $3; set $img_ext $4; # rewrite ^\?(.*)$ _${w}x${h}.$img_ext? last; rewrite ([^.]*).(jpg|jpeg|png|gif)$ $1.$2_${w}x${h}.$img_ext? permanent; } } # set var for thumb pic set $upload_path /usr/local/filebase; set $img_original_root $upload_path;# original root; set $img_thumbnail_root $upload_path/cache/thumb; set $img_file $img_thumbnail_root$uri; # like:/xx/xx/xx.jpg_100-.jpg or /xx/xx/xx.jpg_-100.jpg location ~* ^(.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png))_((\d+\-)|(\-\d+))\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ { root $img_thumbnail_root; # root path for croped img set $img_size $3; if (!-f $img_file) { # if file not exists add_header X-Powered-By 'Nginx+Lua+GraphicsMagick By Botao'; # header for test add_header file-path $request_filename; # header for test set $request_filepath $img_original_root$1; # origin_img full path:/document_root/1.gif set $img_size $3; # img width or height size depends on uri set $img_ext $2; # file ext content_by_lua_file /usr/local/nginx/lua/autoSize.lua; # load lua } } # like: /xx/xx/xx.jpg_100x100.jpg location ~* ^(.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png))_(\d+)+x(\d+)+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ { root $img_thumbnail_root; # root path for croped img if (!-f $img_file) { # if file not exists add_header X-Powered-By 'Nginx+Lua+GraphicsMagick By Botao'; # header for test add_header file-path $request_filename; # header for test set $request_filepath $img_original_root$1; # origin_img file path set $img_width $3; # img width set $img_height $4; # height set $img_ext $5; # file ext content_by_lua_file /usr/local/nginx/lua/cropSize.lua; # load lua } } # if need (all go there) location ~* /upload { root $img_original_root; } location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } }
裁切图片lua工具
cd /usr/local/nginx/ mkdir lua
lua文件夹下须要两个文件
cropSize.lua 固定高宽模式裁切图片处理lua脚本
autoSize.lua文件内容为:
-- 根据输入长或宽的尺寸自动裁切图片大小 -- 检测路径是否目录 local function is_dir(sPath) if type(sPath) ~= "string" then return false end local response = os.execute("cd " .. sPath) if response == 0 then return true end return false end -- 文件是否存在 function file_exists(name) local f = io.open(name, "r") if f ~= nil then io.close(f) return true else return false end end -- 获取文件路径 function getFileDir(filename) return string.match(filename, "(.+)/[^/]*%.%w+$") --*nix system end -- 获取文件名 function strippath(filename) return string.match(filename, ".+/([^/]*%.%w+)$") -- *nix system end --去除扩展名 function stripextension(filename) local idx = filename:match(".+()%.%w+$") if (idx) then return filename:sub(1, idx - 1) else return filename end end --获取扩展名 function getExtension(filename) return filename:match(".+%.(%w+)$") end function getImgSize(img) end -- 判断尺寸是否合法 -- check image size function table.contains(table, element) for _, value in pairs(table) do if value == element then return true end end return false end if image_sizes_check then if not table.contains(image_sizes, ngx.var.img_size) then ngx.exit(404); end end -- check image end -- 开始执行 -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR, getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)); local gm_path = 'gm' -- check image dir if not is_dir(getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)) then os.execute("mkdir -p " .. getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)) end -- 获取高宽 100!或!100模式 local uri = ngx.var.img_size local width = string.sub(uri,1,1) local height = 0 if width == "-" then width = 0 height = string.sub(uri,2,string.len(uri)) else width = string.sub(uri,1,string.len(uri)-1) height = 0 end -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,uri) -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,width) -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,height) -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,ngx.var.img_file); -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,ngx.var.request_filepath); -- 裁剪后保证等比缩图 (缺点:裁剪了图片的一部分) -- 如: gm convert autoSize.jpg -resize x200 -quality 100 +profile "*" autoSize.jpg_-200.jpg if (file_exists(ngx.var.request_filepath)) then local cmd = gm_path .. ' convert ' .. ngx.var.request_filepath if height == 0 then cmd = cmd .. " -resize " .. width .. "x" .. "" else cmd = cmd .. " -resize " .. "x" .. height .. "" end -- 因为压缩后比较模糊,默认图片质量为100,请根据本身状况修改quality cmd = cmd .. " -quality 100" cmd = cmd .. " +profile \"*\" " .. ngx.var.img_file; ngx.log(ngx.ERR, cmd); os.execute(cmd); ngx.exec(ngx.var.uri); else ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_NOT_FOUND); end
cropSize.lua文件内容为:
-- 根据输入长和宽的尺寸裁切图片 -- 检测路径是否目录 local function is_dir(sPath) if type(sPath) ~= "string" then return false end local response = os.execute("cd " .. sPath) if response == 0 then return true end return false end -- 文件是否存在 function file_exists(name) local f = io.open(name, "r") if f ~= nil then io.close(f) return true else return false end end -- 获取文件路径 function getFileDir(filename) return string.match(filename, "(.+)/[^/]*%.%w+$") --*nix system end -- 获取文件名 function strippath(filename) return string.match(filename, ".+/([^/]*%.%w+)$") -- *nix system end --去除扩展名 function stripextension(filename) local idx = filename:match(".+()%.%w+$") if (idx) then return filename:sub(1, idx - 1) else return filename end end --获取扩展名 function getExtension(filename) return filename:match(".+%.(%w+)$") end -- 判断尺寸是否合法 -- 待切割的图片尺寸 local img_width_height = ngx.var.img_width .. "x" .. ngx.var.img_height; -- check image size function table.contains(table, element) for _, value in pairs(table) do if value == element then return true end end return false end if image_sizes_check then if not table.contains(image_sizes, img_width_height) then ngx.exit(404); end end -- check image end -- 开始执行 -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR, getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)); local gm_path = 'gm' -- check image dir if not is_dir(getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)) then os.execute("mkdir -p " .. getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)) end -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,ngx.var.img_file); -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,ngx.var.request_filepath); -- 裁剪后保证等比缩图 (缺点:裁剪了图片的一部分) -- gm convert cropSize.jpg -thumbnail 300x300^ -gravity center -extent 300x300 -quality 100 +profile "*" cropSize.jpg_300x300.jpg if (file_exists(ngx.var.request_filepath)) then local cmd = gm_path .. ' convert ' .. ngx.var.request_filepath cmd = cmd .. " -thumbnail " .. ngx.var.img_width .. "x" .. ngx.var.img_height .. "^" cmd = cmd .. " -gravity center -extent " .. ngx.var.img_width .. "x" .. ngx.var.img_height -- 因为压缩后比较模糊,默认图片质量为100,请根据本身状况修改quality cmd = cmd .. " -quality 100" cmd = cmd .. " +profile \"*\" " .. ngx.var.img_file; -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR, cmd); os.execute(cmd); ngx.exec(ngx.var.uri); else ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_NOT_FOUND); end
开启80端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp firewall-cmd --reload
启动nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/ ./sbin/nginx
访问查看图片
分别访问下面几个地址,测试可否查看及生成缩略图
http://XXX/upload/img/001.jpg
http://XXX/upload/img/001.jpg_-200.jpg
http://XXX/upload/img/001.jpg_200X200.jpg
效果以下:
此时服务器端也已经在相应路径下生成了缩略图文件:
至此,nginx+lua+GraphicsMagick生成实时缩略图完成!
如今已经实现了服务器端实时生成缩略图,为了不服务器被被恶意改变宽和高参数而随意生成大量文件,浪费资源和空间,因此,咱们加入了尺寸限制,具体配置已再demo.conf配置文件中标出。