表单格式化插件jquery.serializeJSON

时间 2019-11-16

标签表单格式化插件 jquery.serializejson jquery serializejson 栏目 HTML 繁體版

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前言

前端在处理含有大量数据提交的表单时，除了使用Form直接提交刷新页面以外，常常碰到的需求是收集表单信息成数据对象，Ajax提交。javascript

而在处理复杂的表单时，须要一个一个区手动判断处理字段值，显得很是麻烦。接下来介绍的插件将解决这个问题。html

关于serializeJSON

使用jquery.serializeJSON，能够在基于jQuery或者Zepto的页面中，调用 .serializeJSON() 方法来序列化form表单的数据成JS对象。前端

使用

只须要在jQuery或者Zepto时候引入便可java

<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.serializejson.js"></script>

示例

HTML form（支持input、textarea、select等标签）jquery

<form id="my-profile">
    <!-- simple attribute -->
    <input type="text" name="fullName"              value="Mario Izquierdo" />
 
    <!-- nested attributes -->
    <input type="text" name="address[city]"         value="San Francisco" />
    <input type="text" name="address[state][name]"  value="California" />
    <input type="text" name="address[state][abbr]"  value="CA" />
 
    <!-- array -->
    <input type="text" name="jobbies[]"             value="code" />
    <input type="text" name="jobbies[]"             value="climbing" />
 
    <!-- textareas, checkboxes ... -->
    <textarea              name="projects[0][name]">serializeJSON</textarea>
    <textarea              name="projects[0][language]">javascript</textarea>
    <input type="hidden"   name="projects[0][popular]" value="0" />
    <input type="checkbox" name="projects[0][popular]" value="1" checked />
 
    <textarea              name="projects[1][name]">tinytest.js</textarea>
    <textarea              name="projects[1][language]">javascript</textarea>
    <input type="hidden"   name="projects[1][popular]" value="0" />
    <input type="checkbox" name="projects[1][popular]" value="1"/>
 
    <!-- select -->
    <select name="selectOne">
        <option value="paper">Paper</option>
        <option value="rock" selected>Rock</option>
        <option value="scissors">Scissors</option>
    </select>
 
    <!-- select multiple options, just name it as an array[] -->
    <select multiple name="selectMultiple[]">
        <option value="red"  selected>Red</option>
        <option value="blue" selected>Blue</option>
        <option value="yellow">Yellow</option>
    </select>
</form>

javascript：json

$('#my-profile').serializeJSON();
 
// returns =>
{
    fullName: "Mario Izquierdo",
 
    address: {
    city: "San Francisco",
    state: {
        name: "California",
        abbr: "CA"
        }
    },
 
    jobbies: ["code", "climbing"],
 
    projects: {
        '0': { name: "serializeJSON", language: "javascript", popular: "1" },
        '1': { name: "tinytest.js",   language: "javascript", popular: "0" }
    },
 
    selectOne: "rock",
    selectMultiple: ["red", "blue"]
}

serializeJSON方法返回一个JS对象，并不是JSON字符串。可使用 JSON.stringify 转换成字符串（注意IE8兼容性）。sublime-text

JavaScript权威指南(第6版)(中文版) http://www.gooln.com/document/452.html数组

var jsonString = JSON.stringify(obj);

指定数据类型

获取到的属性值通常是字符串，能够经过HTML指定类型 : type 进行强制转换。app

<form>
    <input type="text" name="notype"           value="default type is :string"/>
    <input type="text" name="string:string"    value=":string type overrides parsing options"/>
    <input type="text" name="excluded:skip"    value="Use :skip to not include this field in the result"/>
 
    <input type="text" name="number[1]:number"           value="1"/>
    <input type="text" name="number[1.1]:number"         value="1.1"/>
    <input type="text" name="number[other stuff]:number" value="other stuff"/>
 
    <input type="text" name="boolean[true]:boolean"      value="true"/>
    <input type="text" name="boolean[false]:boolean"     value="false"/>
    <input type="text" name="boolean[0]:boolean"         value="0"/>
 
    <input type="text" name="null[null]:null"            value="null"/>
    <input type="text" name="null[other stuff]:null"     value="other stuff"/>
 
    <input type="text" name="auto[string]:auto"          value="text with stuff"/>
    <input type="text" name="auto[0]:auto"               value="0"/>
    <input type="text" name="auto[1]:auto"               value="1"/>
    <input type="text" name="auto[true]:auto"            value="true"/>
    <input type="text" name="auto[false]:auto"           value="false"/>
    <input type="text" name="auto[null]:auto"            value="null"/>
    <input type="text" name="auto[list]:auto"            value="[1, 2, 3]"/>
 
    <input type="text" name="array[empty]:array"         value="[]"/>
    <input type="text" name="array[list]:array"          value="[1, 2, 3]"/>
 
    <input type="text" name="object[empty]:object"       value="{}"/>
    <input type="text" name="object[dict]:object"        value='{"my": "stuff"}'/>
</form>

$('form').serializeJSON();
 
// returns =>
{
    "notype": "default type is :string",
    "string": ":string type overrides parsing options",
    // :skip type removes the field from the output
    "number": {
        "1": 1,
        "1.1": 1.1,
        "other stuff": NaN, // <-- Other stuff parses as NaN (Not a Number)
    },
    "boolean": {
        "true": true,
        "false": false,
        "0": false, // <-- "false", "null", "undefined", "", "0" parse as false
    },
    "null": {
        "null": null, // <-- "false", "null", "undefined", "", "0" parse as null
        "other stuff": "other stuff"
    },
    "auto": { // works as the parseAll option
        "string": "text with stuff",
        "0": 0,         // <-- parsed as number
        "1": 1,         // <-- parsed as number
        "true": true,   // <-- parsed as boolean
        "false": false, // <-- parsed as boolean
        "null": null,   // <-- parsed as null
        "list": "[1, 2, 3]" // <-- array and object types are not auto-parsed
    },
    "array": { // <-- works using JSON.parse
        "empty": [],
        "not empty": [1,2,3]
    },
    "object": { // <-- works using JSON.parse
        "empty": {},
        "not empty": {"my": "stuff"}
    }
}

数据类型也能够指定在 data-value-type 属性中，代替 :type 标记。ide

<form>
  <input type="text" name="number[1]"     data-value-type="number"  value="1"/>
  <input type="text" name="number[1.1]"   data-value-type="number"  value="1.1"/>
  <input type="text" name="boolean[true]" data-value-type="boolean" value="true"/>
  <input type="text" name="null[null]"    data-value-type="null"    value="null"/>
  <input type="text" name="auto[string]"  data-value-type="auto"    value="0"/>
</form>

options配置

默认配置

Values始终为字符串（除非在input names使用:types ）
Keys始终为字符串（默认不自动检测是否须要转换为数组）
未选择的checkboxes会被忽略
disabled的elements会被忽略

自定义配置

写法                                 释义
checkboxUncheckedValue: string      针对未勾选的checkboxes，设定值
parseBooleans: true                 自动检测转换”true”、”false”为布尔值true、false
parseNumbers: true                  自动检测转换”1″、”33.33″、”-44″为数字一、33.3三、-44
parseNulls: true                    自动检测字符串”null”为null
parseAll: true                      自动检测转换以上类型的字符串
parseWithFunction: function         自定义转换函数 function(value, name){return parsedValue}
customTypes: {}                     自定义:types覆盖默认types，如{type: function(value){…}}
defaultTypes: {defaultTypes}        从新定义全部的:types，如{type: function(value){…}}
useIntKeysAsArrayIndex: true        当keys为整数时，将序列化为数组

包含未勾选的checkboxes

serializeJSON 支持 checkboxUncheckedValue 配置，或者能够在checkboxes添加 data-unchecked-value 属性。

默认方法：

<form>
  <input type="checkbox" name="check1" value="true" checked/>
  <input type="checkbox" name="check2" value="true"/>
  <input type="checkbox" name="check3" value="true"/>
</form>

$('form').serializeJSON();
 
// returns =>
{'check1': 'true'} // Note that check2 and check3 are not included because they are not checked

上面的写法会忽略未勾选的复选框。若是须要包含，则可使用如下方法：

1. 配置checkboxUncheckedValue

$('form').serializeJSON({checkboxUncheckedValue: "false"});
 
// returns =>
{'check1': 'true', check2: 'false', check3: 'false'}

2. 添加data-unchecked-value属性

<form id="checkboxes">
  <input type="checkbox" name="checked[bool]"  value="true" data-unchecked-value="false" checked/>
  <input type="checkbox" name="checked[bin]"   value="1"    data-unchecked-value="0"     checked/>
  <input type="checkbox" name="checked[cool]"  value="YUP"                               checked/>
 
  <input type="checkbox" name="unchecked[bool]"  value="true" data-unchecked-value="false" />
  <input type="checkbox" name="unchecked[bin]"   value="1"    data-unchecked-value="0" />
  <input type="checkbox" name="unchecked[cool]"  value="YUP" /> <!-- No unchecked value specified -->
</form>

$('form#checkboxes').serializeJSON(); // Note no option is used
 
// returns =>
{
  'checked': {
    'bool':  'true',
    'bin':   '1',
    'cool':  'YUP'
  },
  'unchecked': {
    'bool': 'false',
    'bin':  '0'
    // Note that unchecked cool does not appear, because it doesn't use data-unchecked-value
  }
}

自动检测转换类型

默认的类型为字符串 :string ，能够经过配置转换为其它类型

$('form').serializeJSON({parseNulls: true, parseNumbers: true});
 
// returns =>
{
  "bool": {
    "true": "true", // booleans are still strings, because parseBooleans was not set
    "false": "false",
  }
  "number": {
    "0": 0, // numbers are parsed because parseNumbers: true
    "1": 1,
    "2.2": 2.2,
    "-2.25": -2.25,
  }
  "null": null, // "null" strings are converted to null becase parseNulls: true
  "string": "text is always string",
  "empty": ""
}

在极少数状况下，可使用自定义转换函数

var emptyStringsAndZerosToNulls = function(val, inputName) {
  if (val === "") return null; // parse empty strings as nulls
  if (val === 0)  return null; // parse 0 as null
  return val;
}
 
$('form').serializeJSON({parseWithFunction: emptyStringsAndZerosToNulls, parseNumbers: true});
 
// returns =>
{
  "bool": {
    "true": "true",
    "false": "false",
  }
  "number": {
    "0": null, // <-- parsed with custom function
    "1": 1,
    "2.2": 2.2,
    "-2.25": -2.25,
  }
  "null": "null",
  "string": "text is always string",
  "empty": null // <-- parsed with custom function
}

自定义类型

可使用 customTypes 配置自定义类型或者覆盖默认类型（$.serializeJSON.defaultOptions.defaultTypes）

<form>
  <input type="text" name="scary:alwaysBoo" value="not boo"/>
  <input type="text" name="str:string"      value="str"/>
  <input type="text" name="number:number"   value="5"/>
</form>

$('form').serializeJSON({
  customTypes: {
    alwaysBoo: function(str) { // value is always a string
      return "boo";
    },
    string: function(str) { // all strings will now end with " override"
      return str + " override";
    }
  }
});
 
// returns =>
{
  "scary": "boo",        // <-- parsed with type :alwaysBoo
  "str": "str override", // <-- parsed with new type :string (instead of the default)
  "number": 5,           // <-- the default :number still works
}

忽略空表单字段

// Select only imputs that have a non-empty value
$('form :input[value!=""]').serializeJSON();
 
// Or filter them from the form
obj = $('form').find('input').not('[value=""]').serializeJSON();
 
// For more complicated filtering, you can use a function
obj = $form.find(':input').filter(function () {
          return $.trim(this.value).length > 0
      }).serializeJSON();

使用整数keys做为数组的顺序

使用useIntKeyAsArrayIndex配置

<form>
  <input type="text" name="arr[0]" value="foo"/>
  <input type="text" name="arr[1]" value="var"/>
  <input type="text" name="arr[5]" value="inn"/>
</form>

按照默认的方法，结果为：

$('form').serializeJSON();
 
// returns =>
{'arr': {'0': 'foo', '1': 'var', '5': 'inn' }}

使用useIntKeyAsArrayIndex能够将记过转换为数组并制定顺序

$('form').serializeJSON({useIntKeysAsArrayIndex: true});
 
// returns =>
{'arr': ['foo', 'var', undefined, undefined, undefined, 'inn']}

默认配置Defaults

全部的默认配置均定义在 $.serializeJSON.defaultOptions，能够进行修改。

$.serializeJSON.defaultOptions.parseAll = true; // parse booleans, numbers and nulls by default
 
$('form').serializeJSON(); // No options => then use $.serializeJSON.defaultOptions
 
// returns =>
{
  "bool": {
    "true": true,
    "false": false,
  }
  "number": {
    "0": 0,
    "1": 1,
    "2.2": 2.2,
    "-2.25": -2.25,
  }
  "null": null,
  "string": "text is always string",
  "empty": ""
}

总结

这个插件支持的配置很是丰富，自定义程度很高，带来很大的便捷性。