注意:java
重要的是每行必须是一个完整的JSON,一个JSON不能跨越多行,也就是说,serde不会对多行的Json有效。 由于这是由Hadoop处理文件的工做方式决定,文件必须是可拆分的,例如,Hadoop将在行尾分割文本文件。apache
// this will work { "key" : 10 } // this will not work { "key" : 10
add jar json-serde-1.3.7-jar-with-dependencies.jar;数组
{"country":"Switzerland","languages":["German","French","Italian"]} {"country":"China","languages":["chinese"]}
CREATE TABLE tmp_json_array ( country string, languages array<string> ) ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.openx.data.jsonserde.JsonSerDe' STORED AS TEXTFILE; // 导入数据到表中 LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/home/xiaosi/a.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tmp_json_array;
hive> select languages[0] from tmp_json_array; OK German chinese Time taken: 0.096 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
{"country":"Switzerland","languages":["German","French","Italian"],"religions":{"catholic":[6,7]}} {"country":"China","languages":["chinese"],"religions":{"catholic":[10,20],"protestant":[40,50]}}
CREATE TABLE tmp_json_nested ( country string, languages array<string>, religions map<string,array<int>>) ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.openx.data.jsonserde.JsonSerDe' STORED AS TEXTFILE; // 加载数据 LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/home/xiaosi/a.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tmp_json_nested ;
hive> select * from tmp_json_nested; OK Switzerland ["German","French","Italian"] {"catholic":[6,7]} China ["chinese"] {"catholic":[10,20],"protestant":[40,50]} Time taken: 0.113 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s) hive> select languages[0] from tmp_json_nested; OK German chinese Time taken: 0.122 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s) hive> select religions['catholic'][0] from tmp_json_nested; OK 6 10 Time taken: 0.111 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
格式错误的数据的默认行为是抛出异常。 例如,对于格式不正确的json(languages后缺乏':'):app
{"country":"Italy","languages"["Italian"],"religions":{"protestant":[40,50]}}
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/home/xiaosi/a.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tmp_json_nested ; Loading data to table default.tmp_json_nested OK Time taken: 0.23 seconds hive> select * from tmp_json_nested; OK Failed with exception java.io.IOException:org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.SerDeException: Row is not a valid JSON Object - JSONException: Expected a ':' after a key at 31 [character 32 line 1] Time taken: 0.096 seconds
ALTER TABLE json_table SET SERDEPROPERTIES ( "ignore.malformed.json" = "true");
hive> ALTER TABLE tmp_json_nested SET SERDEPROPERTIES ( "ignore.malformed.json" = "true"); OK Time taken: 0.122 seconds hive> select * from tmp_json_nested; OK Switzerland ["German","French","Italian"] {"catholic":[6,7]} China ["chinese"] {"catholic":[10,20],"protestant":[40,50]} NULL NULL NULL Time taken: 0.103 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
如今不会致使查询失败,可是坏数据记录将变为NULL NULL NULL。oop
{"country":"Italy","languages":"Italian","religions":{"catholic":"90"}}
hive> ALTER TABLE tmp_json_nested SET SERDEPROPERTIES ( "ignore.malformed.json" = "true"); OK Time taken: 0.081 seconds hive> select * from tmp_json_nested; OK Failed with exception java.io.IOException:org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.String cannot be cast to org.openx.data.jsonserde.json.JSONArray Time taken: 0.097 seconds
这是一个常见的问题,某一个字段有时是一个标量,有时是一个数组,例如:this
{ field: "hello", .. } { field: [ "hello", "world" ], ...
在这种状况下,若是将表声明为array<string>,若是SerDe找到一个标量,它将返回一个单元素的数组,从而有效地将标量提高为数组。 可是标量必须是正确的类型。.net
有时可能发生的是,JSON数据具备名为hive中的保留字的属性。 例如,您可能有一个名为“timestamp”的JSON属性,它是hive中的保留字,当发出CREATE TABLE时,hive将失败。 此SerDe可使用SerDe属性将hive列映射到名称不一样的属性。code
{"country":"Switzerland","exec_date":"2017-03-14 23:12:21"} {"country":"China","exec_date":"2017-03-16 03:22:18"}
CREATE TABLE tmp_json_mapping ( country string, dt string ) ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.openx.data.jsonserde.JsonSerDe' WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("mapping.dt"="exec_date") STORED AS TEXTFILE;
hive> select * from tmp_json_mapping; OK Switzerland 2017-03-14 23:12:21 China 2017-03-16 03:22:18 Time taken: 0.081 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
“mapping.dt”,表示dt列读取JSON属性为exec_date的值。orm