先说ListView给高的正确作法. android:layout_height属性:java
必须将ListView的布局高度属性设置为非“wrap_content”(能够是“match_parent / fill_parent / 400dp等绝对数值”)android
废话少说先来张bug图填楼git
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随着RecyclerView的普及,ListView差很少是安卓快要淘汰的控件了,可是咱们有时候仍是会用到,基本上能够说是前些年最经常使用的Android控件之一了.抛开咱们的主题,咱们先来谈谈ListView的一些小小的细节,多是不少开发者在开发过程当中并无注意到的细节,这些细节设置会影响到咱们的App的性能.缓存
咱们在使用ListView的时候极可能随手就会写一个layout_height=”wrap_content”
或者layout_height=”match_parent”
,很是很是普通,咋一看,我写的没错啊...但是实际上layout_height=”wrap_content”
是错误的写法!!!会严重影响程序的性能 咱们先来作一个实验: xml布局文件以下ide
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <ListView android:id="@+id/list_view" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" ></ListView> </LinearLayout>
java部分代码 布局
运行log 性能
咱们会发现getView总共被调用了15次!其中4次是null的,11次为重复调用,ListView的item数目只有3项!!!太可怕了this
咱们试着将ListView的高度属性改成layout_height=”match_parent”
,而后看看 咱们能够看到
getView()
只被调用了3次!这应该是咱们指望的结果!spa
缘由分析: 了解缘由前,咱们应该先了解View的绘制流程,以前个人博客没有关于View绘制流程的介绍,那么在这边说一下,是一个很重要的知识点. View的绘制流程是经过 onMeasure()
->onLayout()
->onDraw()
onMeasure()
:主要工做是测量视图的大小.从顶层的父View到子View递归调用measure方法,measure方法又回调onMeasure().
onLayout
: 主要工做是肯定View的位置,进行页面布局.从顶层的父View向子View的递归调用view.layout方法的过程,即父View根据上一步measure子view所获得的布局大小和布局参数,将子view放在合适的位置上
onDraw()
主要工做是绘制视图.ViewRoot建立一个Canvas对象,而后调用onDraw()方法.总共6个步骤.1.绘制视图背景,2.保存当前画布的图层(Layer),3.绘制View内容,4.绘制View的子View视图,没有的话就不绘制,5.还原图层,6.绘制滚动条.
了解了View的绘制流程,那么咱们回到这个问题上.设置ListView的属性layout_height=”wrap_content”
,就意味着Listview的高度由子View决定,当在onMeasure()的时候,须要测量子View的高度,那咱们来看看Listview的onMeasure()方法.
@Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { // Sets up mListPadding super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec); int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec); int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec); int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec); int childWidth = 0; int childHeight = 0; int childState = 0; mItemCount = mAdapter == null ? 0 : mAdapter.getCount(); if (mItemCount > 0 && (widthMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED || heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED)) { final View child = obtainView(0, mIsScrap); measureScrapChild(child, 0, widthMeasureSpec); childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth(); childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight(); childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState()); if (recycleOnMeasure() && mRecycler.shouldRecycleViewType( ((LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams()).viewType)) { mRecycler.addScrapView(child, 0); } } if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) { widthSize = mListPadding.left + mListPadding.right + childWidth + getVerticalScrollbarWidth(); } else { widthSize |= (childState&MEASURED_STATE_MASK); } if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) { heightSize = mListPadding.top + mListPadding.bottom + childHeight + getVerticalFadingEdgeLength() * 2; } if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { // TODO: after first layout we should maybe start at the first visible position, not 0 heightSize = measureHeightOfChildren(widthMeasureSpec, 0, NO_POSITION, heightSize, -1); } setMeasuredDimension(widthSize , heightSize); mWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec; }
其中
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { // TODO: after first layout we should maybe start at the first visible position, not 0 heightSize = measureHeightOfChildren(widthMeasureSpec, 0, NO_POSITION, heightSize, -1); }
比较重要
再看measureHeightOfChildren()
final int measureHeightOfChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int startPosition, int endPosition, final int maxHeight, int disallowPartialChildPosition) { ... for (i = startPosition; i <= endPosition; ++i) { child = obtainView(i, isScrap); measureScrapChild(child, i, widthMeasureSpec); ... // Recycle the view before we possibly return from the method if (recyle && recycleBin.shouldRecycleViewType( ((LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams()).viewType)) { recycleBin.addScrapView(child, -1); } returnedHeight += child.getMeasuredHeight(); if (returnedHeight >= maxHeight) { ... } if ((disallowPartialChildPosition >= 0) && (i >= disallowPartialChildPosition)) { ... } } return returnedHeight; }
obtainView(i, isScrap)
是子View的实例 measureScrapChild(child, i, widthMeasureSpec);
测量子View recycleBin.addScrapView(child, -1);
将子View加入缓存,能够用来复用 if (returnedHeight >= maxHeight) {return ...;}
若是已经测量的子View的高度大于maxHeight的话就直接return出循环,这样的作法也很好理解,实际上是ListView很聪明的一种作法,你能够想一想好比说这个屏幕只能画10个Item高度,你有20个Item,那么画出10个就好了,剩下的十个就不必画了~
咱们如今看下obtainView()
方法
View obtainView(int position, boolean[] isScrap) { Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "obtainView"); isScrap[0] = false; // Check whether we have a transient state view. Attempt to re-bind the // data and discard the view if we fail. final View transientView = mRecycler.getTransientStateView(position); if (transientView != null) { final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) transientView.getLayoutParams(); // If the view type hasn't changed, attempt to re-bind the data. if (params.viewType == mAdapter.getItemViewType(position)) { final View updatedView = mAdapter.getView(position, transientView, this); // If we failed to re-bind the data, scrap the obtained view. if (updatedView != transientView) { setItemViewLayoutParams(updatedView, position); mRecycler.addScrapView(updatedView, position); } } // Scrap view implies temporary detachment. isScrap[0] = true; return transientView; } final View scrapView = mRecycler.getScrapView(position); final View child = mAdapter.getView(position, scrapView, this); if (scrapView != null) { if (child != scrapView) { // Failed to re-bind the data, return scrap to the heap. mRecycler.addScrapView(scrapView, position); } else { isScrap[0] = true; child.dispatchFinishTemporaryDetach(); } } if (mCacheColorHint != 0) { child.setDrawingCacheBackgroundColor(mCacheColorHint); } if (child.getImportantForAccessibility() == IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_AUTO) { child.setImportantForAccessibility(IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_YES); } setItemViewLayoutParams(child, position); if (AccessibilityManager.getInstance(mContext).isEnabled()) { if (mAccessibilityDelegate == null) { mAccessibilityDelegate = new ListItemAccessibilityDelegate(); } if (child.getAccessibilityDelegate() == null) { child.setAccessibilityDelegate(mAccessibilityDelegate); } } Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW); return child; }
获得一个视图,它显示的数据与指定的位置。这叫作当咱们已经发现的观点不是可供重用的回收站。剩下的惟一的选择是将一个古老的视图或制做一个新的.(这是方法注释的翻译,大体能够理解他的意思)
咱们应该关注下如下两行代码:
... final View scrapView = mRecycler.getScrapView(position); final View child = mAdapter.getView(position, scrapView, this); ...
这两行代码的意思就是说先从缓存里面取出来一个废弃的view,而后将当前的位置跟view做为参数传入到getView()方法中.这个废弃的,而后又做为参数的view就是convertView.
而后咱们总结下刚刚的步骤: A、测量第0项的时候,convertView确定是null的 View scrapView = mRecycler.getScrapView(position)也是空的,因此咱们在log上能够看到. B、第0项测量结束,这个第0项的View就被加入到复用缓存当中了; C、开始测量第1项,这时由于是有第0项的View缓存的,因此getView的参数convertView就是这个第0项的View缓存,而后重复B步骤添加到缓存,只不过这个View缓存仍是第0项的View; D、继续测量第2项,重复C。
因此前面说到onMeasure方法会致使getView调用,而一个View的onMeasure方法调用时机并非由自身决定,而是由其父视图来决定。ListView放在FrameLayout和RelativeLayout中其onMeasure方法的调用次数是彻底不一样的。在RelativeLayout中oMeasure()方法调用会翻倍.
因为onMeasure方法会屡次被调用,上述问题中是两次,其实完整的调用顺序是onMeasure - onLayout - onMeasure - onLayout - onDraw。
因此根据上面的结论咱们能够得出,若是LitsView的android:layout_height属性设置为wrap_content将会引发getView的屡次测量
如上bug图...
ListView的高度设置成了android:layout_height属性设置为wrap_content
ListView的父类是RelativeLayout,RelativiLayout布局会使子布局View的Measure周期翻倍,有兴趣能够看下三大基础布局性能比较
根据每一个Item的高度,而后再根据Adapter的count来动态算高. 代码以下:
public class SetHeight { public void setListViewHeightBasedOnChildren(ListView listView, android.widget.BaseAdapter adapter) { if (adapter==null){ return; } int totalHeight = 0; for (int i = 0; i < adapter.getCount(); i++) { // listAdapter.getCount()返回数据项的数目 View listItem = adapter.getView(i, null, listView); listItem.measure(0, 0); // 计算子项View 的宽高 totalHeight += listItem.getMeasuredHeight(); // 统计全部子项的总高度 } ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = listView.getLayoutParams(); params.height = totalHeight + (listView.getDividerHeight() * (adapter.getCount() - 1)); // listView.getDividerHeight()获取子项间分隔符占用的高度 // params.height最后获得整个ListView完整显示须要的高度 listView.setLayoutParams(params); } }
xml布局,注意要将ListView的父类设置为LinearLayout
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical"> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_above="@+id/txt_cancel" android:orientation="vertical"> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="@dimen/y2" android:background="#cccccc" /> <ListView android:id="@+id/lv_remain_item" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="0dp" android:cacheColorHint="#00000000" ></ListView> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="@dimen/y2" android:background="#cccccc" /> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center" android:orientation="horizontal" > <TextView android:id="@+id/txt_cancel" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="@dimen/y120" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:gravity="center" android:text="cancel" android:textSize="@dimen/x32" /> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>
而后在Listview使用处,调用该方法.
userListDialog.getmListView().setAdapter(scaleUserAdapter); SetHeight.setListViewHeightBasedOnChildren(userListDialog.getmListView(),scaleUserAdapter);
getView()调用状况 GitHub代码地址:ListViewDialog,喜欢的话欢迎Start