linux的访问日志不记录静态文件、切割、静态元素过时时间配置

时间  2020-09-09
标签 linux 访问 日志 记录 静态 文件 切割 元素 过时 时间 配置 栏目 Linux 繁體版
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访问日志不记录静态文件

一个网站会有不少元素，尤为是图片、js、css等静态的文件很是多，用户每请求一个页面就会访问诸多的图片、js等静态元素，这些元素的请求都会被记录在日志中。若是一个站点访问量很大，那么访问日志文件增加会很是快，一天就能够达到几GB。这不只对于服务器的磁盘空间形成影响，更重要的是会影响磁盘的读写速度。还好这些巨量的静态元素请求记录到日志里的意义并不大，因此能够限制这些静态元素去记录日志，而且须要把日志按天归档，一天一个日志，这样也能够防止单个日志文件过大。javascript

  1. 修改虚拟主机配置文件：
[root@gary-tao local]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

参考配置修改以下：
 <VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/111.com"
    ServerName 111.com
    ServerAlias 111.com
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.gif$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.jpg$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.png$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.bmp$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.swf$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.js$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.css$" img 
    CustomLog "logs/123.com-access_log" combined env=!img
</VirtualHost>

更改配置文件后须要从新加载配置文件：
[root@gary-tao local]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@gary-tao local]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
修改完后，示例以下：

linux的访问日志不记录静态文件、切割、静态元素过时时间配置

解释说明：

先定义一个img环境变量，把gif、jpg、png、bmp、swf、js、css等格式的文件所有归类到img里，后面的env=!imge有用到一个“！”,这至关于取反了，意思是把img之外的类型文件记录到日志里。php

验证以下：css

[root@gary-tao local]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 111.com/alskdda.jpg -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 06:39:14 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

[root@gary-tao local]# !tail    //未更新配置前日志是有jpg文件。
tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/111.com-access_log 
127.0.0.1 - - [20/Dec/2017:20:36:35 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [20/Dec/2017:20:39:23 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 403 -
127.0.0.1 - - [20/Dec/2017:20:40:16 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [20/Dec/2017:21:10:16 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [20/Dec/2017:21:10:31 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:38 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:38 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:39 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [21/Dec/2017:14:04:49 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:14:39:14 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://111.com/alskdda.jpg HTTP/1.1" 404 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
[root@gary-tao local]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@gary-tao local]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
[root@gary-tao local]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 111.com/alskdda.png -I  
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 06:49:10 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

[root@gary-tao local]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/111.com-access_log //更新配置日志后没有png文件。
127.0.0.1 - - [20/Dec/2017:20:40:16 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [20/Dec/2017:21:10:16 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [20/Dec/2017:21:10:31 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:38 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:38 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:39 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [21/Dec/2017:14:04:49 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:14:39:14 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://111.com/alskdda.jpg HTTP/1.1" 404 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [21/Dec/2017:14:43:17 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [21/Dec/2017:14:43:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
模拟一张图片实际测试：
[root@gary-tao ~]# cd /data/wwwroot/111.com/ //cd到目录下面
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# ls
123.php  index.php
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# rz  //上传一张图片，若是不能使用rz请安装yum install -y lrzsz

[root@gary-tao 111.com]# ls //已上传文件 
123.php  index.php  QQ截图20171221141829.png
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 111.com/QQ截图20171221141829.png -I  //运行下程序
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 07:08:49 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Last-Modified: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 06:18:31 GMT
ETag: "91ab-560d3ab3fbbc0"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 37291
Content-Type: image/png

[root@gary-tao 111.com]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/111.com-access_log  //发现日志并无图片png的记录
127.0.0.1 - - [20/Dec/2017:21:10:16 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [20/Dec/2017:21:10:31 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:38 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:38 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:39 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [21/Dec/2017:14:04:49 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:14:39:14 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://111.com/alskdda.jpg HTTP/1.1" 404 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [21/Dec/2017:14:43:17 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [21/Dec/2017:14:43:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:15:09:15 +0800] "GET /QQ HTTP/1.1" 404 200 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf  //为了实验须要，先把env=!img去掉
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful //从新加载
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 111.com/QQ截图20171221141829.png -I  //运行图片
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 07:25:46 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Last-Modified: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 06:18:31 GMT
ETag: "91ab-560d3ab3fbbc0"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 37291
Content-Type: image/png

[root@gary-tao 111.com]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/111.com-access_log  //查看下例就有png图片的日志出来
127.0.0.1 - - [20/Dec/2017:21:10:31 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:38 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:38 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [20/Dec/2017:21:10:39 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [21/Dec/2017:14:04:49 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:14:39:14 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://111.com/alskdda.jpg HTTP/1.1" 404 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [21/Dec/2017:14:43:17 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - xie [21/Dec/2017:14:43:18 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:15:09:15 +0800] "GET /QQ HTTP/1.1" 404 200 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:15:25:46 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://111.com/QQ\xe6\x88\xaa\xe5\x9b\xbe20171221141829.png HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"

测试完成后把刚才去掉的env=!img添加到配置文件里去。
添加上图片后能够上浏览器上打开，示例以下：

linux的访问日志不记录静态文件、切割、静态元素过时时间配置

访问日志切割

日志一直记录总有一天会把整个磁盘占满，因此有必要让它自动切割，并删除老的日志文件，防止磁盘写满，用日期记录日志方便管理及查找。还要写一个任务计划，按期清理超过期间的日志。html

  1. 修改虚拟主机配置文件，给日志作一个切割。
[root@gary-tao local]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

参考配置修改以下：
<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/111.com"
    ServerName 111.com
    ServerAlias 111.com
   SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.gif$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.jpg$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.png$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.bmp$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.swf$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.js$" img
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.css$" img 
    CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/rotatelogs -l logs/111.com-access_%Y%m%d.log 86400" combined env=!img
</VirtualHost>

更改配置文件后须要从新加载配置文件：
[root@gary-tao local]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@gary-tao local]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# ls /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/
111.com-access_log  111.com-error_log  abc.com-access_log  abc.com-error_log  access_log  error_log  httpd.pid
[root@gary-tao ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 111.com/123.php
123.php[root@gary-tao ~]# 
[root@gary-tao ~]# ls /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/
111.com-access_log  111.com-access_20171221.log  abc.com-error_log  error_log
111.com-error_log   abc.com-access_log           access_log         httpd.pid
[root@gary-tao ~]# ls /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/111.com-access_20171221.log 
/usr/local/apache2.4/logs/123.com-access_20171221.log
[root@gary-tao ~]# cat !$
cat /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/123.com-access_20171221.log
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:16:47:53 +0800] "GET HTTP://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 7 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:16:53:56 +0800] "GET HTTP://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 7 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:16:54:06 +0800] "GET HTTP://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 7 "-" "curl/7.29.0"

[root@gary-tao ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 111.com/123.php.png -I //访问图片的
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 08:57:55 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

[root@gary-tao ~]# cat /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/111.com-access_20171221.log //查看日志并无记录
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:16:47:53 +0800] "GET HTTP://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 7 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:16:53:56 +0800] "GET HTTP://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 7 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Dec/2017:16:54:06 +0800] "GET HTTP://111.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 7 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
配置文件修改完后，示例以下：

linux的访问日志不记录静态文件、切割、静态元素过时时间配置

解释说明：

这里的123.com-access_20171221.log就是新生成的日志，并且之后会天天生成一个按日期命名的日志。java

静态元素过时时间

在日志里会发现有一个状态码304，这个状态码表示该文件已经缓存到用户的电脑里了（浏览器访问网站的图片时会把静态的文件缓存在本地电脑里），这样下次再访问时就不用去远程下载了，而是直接访问用户电脑里面的缓存。这样作的目的是下降服务器的资源消耗，还能够提高用户访问网站的速度。那到低能够缓存多久呢？若是服务器上的某个图片更改了，那么应该访问新的图片才对，这就涉及一个静态文件缓存时长的问题，也叫做“缓存过时时间”。linux

1.编辑虚拟主机配置文件apache

在虚拟机主配置文件添加以下配置：
在111.com模块添加以下：

<IfModule mod_expires.c>
    ExpiresActive on  //打开该功能的开关
    ExpiresByType image/gif  "access plus 1 days"
    ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 24 hours"
    ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 24 hours"
    ExpiresByType text/css "now plus 2 hour"
    ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "now plus 2 hours"
    ExpiresByType application/javascript "now plus 2 hours"
    ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "now plus 2 hours"
    ExpiresDefault "now plus 0 min"
</IfModule>
解释说明：

这部分配置用到了mod_expires模块，相关配置内容并不难理解，经过字面也能够大体猜到其含义。这里gif、jpeg、png格式的文件过时时长为1天，css、js、flash格式的文件过时时长为2小时，其余文件过时时长为0，也就是不缓存。vim

示例图

linux的访问日志不记录静态文件、切割、静态元素过时时间配置

[root@gary-tao 111.com]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK  //添加完成后测试语法是否有没错误
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -M |grep expires  //没有任何输出，说明当前httpd不支持expires模块，因此须要悠配置文件，打开该模块
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf //搜索expires关键讯，找到下面这行
#LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so //把本行的最前面 的#删除，保存退出
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful  //从新加载配置
[root@gary-tao 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -M |grep expires  //下面有expires输出，说明正确加载expires模块。
 expires_module (shared)

2.使用curl来测试效果：浏览器

[root@gary-tao 111.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 111.com/qq.png -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 11:54:14 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Last-Modified: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 06:18:31 GMT
ETag: "91ab-560d3ab3fbbc0"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 37291
Cache-Control: max-age=86400
Expires: Fri, 22 Dec 2017 11:54:14 GMT
Content-Type: image/png
说明：

能够看到max-age=86400,这说明jpg的图片将缓存86400秒，也就是一天。缓存

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