Netty URL路由方案探讨

时间 2019-11-10

标签 netty url 路由方案探讨栏目 Netty 繁體版

原文原文链接

最近在用Netty作开发，须要提供一个http web server，供调用方调用。采用Netty自己提供的HttpServerCodec handler进行Http协议的解析，可是须要本身提供路由。java

最开始是经过对Http method及uri 采用多层if else 嵌套判断的方法路由到真正的controller类：git

String uri = request.uri();
HttpMethod method = request.method();
if (method == HttpMethod.POST) {
    if (uri.startsWith("/login")) {
        //url参数解析，调用controller的方法
    } else if (uri.startsWith("/logout")) {
        //同上
    }
} else if (method == HttpMethod.GET) {
    if (uri.startsWith("/")) {

    } else if (uri.startsWith("/status")) {

    }
}

在只需提供login及logoutAPI时，代码能够完成功能，但是随着API的数量愈来愈多，须要支持的方法及uri愈来愈多，else if 愈来愈多，代码愈来愈复杂。github

在阿里开发手册中也提到过：web

所以首先考虑采用状态设计模式及策略设计模式重构。spring

状态模式

状态模式的角色：

state状态
表示状态，定义了根据不一样状态进行不一样处理的接口，该接口是那些处理内容依赖于状态的方法集合，对应实例的state类
具体的状态
实现了state接口，对应daystate和nightstate
context
context持有当前状态的具体状态的实例，此外，他还定义了供外部调用者使用的状态模式的接口。

首先咱们知道每一个http请求都是由method及uri来惟一标识的，所谓路由就是经过这个惟一标识定位到controller类的中的某个方法。设计模式

所以把HttpLabel做为状态mvc

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class HttpLabel {
    private String uri;
    private HttpMethod method;
}

状态接口：app

public interface Route {
    /**
     * 路由
     *
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    GeneralResponse call(FullHttpRequest request);
}

为每一个状态添加状态实现：ide

public void route() {
    //单例controller类
    final DemoController demoController = DemoController.getInstance();
    Map<HttpLabel, Route> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put(new HttpLabel("/login", HttpMethod.POST), demoController::login);
    map.put(new HttpLabel("/logout", HttpMethod.POST), demoController::login);
}

接到请求，判断状态，调用不一样接口：测试

public class ServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest> {
    @Override
    public void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) {
        String uri = request.uri();
        GeneralResponse generalResponse;
        if (uri.contains("?")) {
            uri = uri.substring(0, uri.indexOf("?"));
        }
        Route route = map.get(new HttpLabel(uri, request.method()));
        if (route != null) {
            ResponseUtil.response(ctx, request, route.call(request));
        } else {
            generalResponse = new GeneralResponse(HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "请检查你的请求方法及url", null);
            ResponseUtil.response(ctx, request, generalResponse);
        }
    }
}

使用状态设计模式重构代码，在增长url时只须要网map里面put一个值就好了。

相似SpringMVC路由功能

后来看了 JAVA反射+运行时注解实现URL路由发现反射+注解的方式很优雅，代码也不复杂。

下面介绍Netty使用反射实现URL路由。

路由注解：

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface RequestMapping {
    /**
     * 路由的uri
     *
     * @return
     */
    String uri();

    /**
     * 路由的方法
     *
     * @return
     */
    String method();
}

扫描classpath下带有@RequestMapping注解的方法，将这个方法放进一个路由Map：Map<HttpLabel, Action<GeneralResponse>> httpRouterAction，key为上面提到过的Http惟一标识 HttpLabel，value为经过反射调用的方法：

@Slf4j
public class HttpRouter extends ClassLoader {

    private Map<HttpLabel, Action<GeneralResponse>> httpRouterAction = new HashMap<>();

    private String classpath = this.getClass().getResource("").getPath();

    private Map<String, Object> controllerBeans = new HashMap<>();

    @Override
    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        String path = classpath + name.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
        byte[] bytes;
        try (InputStream ins = new FileInputStream(path)) {
            try (ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 5];
                int b = 0;
                while ((b = ins.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    out.write(buffer, 0, b);
                }
                bytes = out.toByteArray();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ClassNotFoundException();
        }
        return defineClass(name, bytes, 0, bytes.length);
    }

    public void addRouter(String controllerClass) {
        try {
            Class<?> cls = loadClass(controllerClass);
            Method[] methods = cls.getDeclaredMethods();
            for (Method invokeMethod : methods) {
                Annotation[] annotations = invokeMethod.getAnnotations();
                for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
                    if (annotation.annotationType() == RequestMapping.class) {
                        RequestMapping requestMapping = (RequestMapping) annotation;
                        String uri = requestMapping.uri();
                        String httpMethod = requestMapping.method().toUpperCase();
                        // 保存Bean单例
                        if (!controllerBeans.containsKey(cls.getName())) {
                            controllerBeans.put(cls.getName(), cls.newInstance());
                        }
                        Action action = new Action(controllerBeans.get(cls.getName()), invokeMethod);
                        //若是须要FullHttpRequest，就注入FullHttpRequest对象
                        Class[] params = invokeMethod.getParameterTypes();
                        if (params.length == 1 && params[0] == FullHttpRequest.class) {
                            action.setInjectionFullhttprequest(true);
                        }
                        // 保存映射关系
                        httpRouterAction.put(new HttpLabel(uri, new HttpMethod(httpMethod)), action);
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.warn("{}", e);
        }
    }

    public Action getRoute(HttpLabel httpLabel) {
        return httpRouterAction.get(httpLabel);
    }
}

经过反射调用controller 类中的方法：

@Data
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
public class Action<T> {
    @NonNull
    private Object object;
    @NonNull
    private Method method;

    private boolean injectionFullhttprequest;

    public T call(Object... args) {
        try {
            return (T) method.invoke(object, args);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
            log.warn("{}", e);
        }
        return null;
    }

ServerHandler.java处理以下：

//根据不一样的请求API作不一样的处理(路由分发)
Action<GeneralResponse> action = httpRouter.getRoute(new HttpLabel(uri, request.method()));
if (action != null) {
    if (action.isInjectionFullhttprequest()) {
        ResponseUtil.response(ctx, request, action.call(request));
    } else {
        ResponseUtil.response(ctx, request, action.call());
    }
} else {
    //错误处理
    generalResponse = new GeneralResponse(HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "请检查你的请求方法及url", null);
    ResponseUtil.response(ctx, request, generalResponse);
}

DemoController 方法配置：

@RequestMapping(uri = "/login", method = "POST")
public GeneralResponse login(FullHttpRequest request) {
    User user = JsonUtil.fromJson(request, User.class);
    log.info("/login called,user: {}", user);
    return new GeneralResponse(null);
}

测试结果以下：

完整代码在 https://github.com/morethink/Netty-Route